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    Linear Transformation Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Bilal Zahoor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Linear Transformation Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Bilal Zahoor
    8 views2 pages

    Original Title

    Linear_Transformation_Analysis

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    8 views2 pages

    Linear Transformation Analysis

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Bilal Zahoor

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Linear Transformation Analysis

    (a) Proof that T is a Linear Transformation


    To prove that \( T \) is a linear transformation, we need to show two properties:

    1. **Additivity**: \( T(\mathbf{u} + \mathbf{v}) = T(\mathbf{u}) + T(\mathbf{v}) \)


    2. **Homogeneity**: \( T(k\mathbf{u}) = kT(\mathbf{u}) \)

    Let \( \mathbf{u} = (a_1, b_1, c_1) \) and \( \mathbf{v} = (a_2, b_2, c_2) \).

    Additivity
    \[ T(\mathbf{u} + \mathbf{v}) = T((a_1, b_1, c_1) + (a_2, b_2, c_2)) = T(a_1 + a_2, b_1 + b_2,
    c_1 + c_2) \]
    \[ = 2(a_1 + a_2) + ((b_1 + b_2) + (c_1 + c_2)) \]
    \[ = 2a_1 + 2a_2 + b_1 + b_2 + c_1 + c_2 \]
    \[ = (2a_1 + b_1 + c_1) + (2a_2 + b_2 + c_2) \]
    \[ = T(a_1, b_1, c_1) + T(a_2, b_2, c_2) \]
    Therefore, \( T(\mathbf{u} + \mathbf{v}) = T(\mathbf{u}) + T(\mathbf{v}) \).

    Homogeneity
    \[ T(k\mathbf{u}) = T(k(a, b, c)) = T(ka, kb, kc) \]
    \[ = 2(ka) + ((kb) + (kc)) \]
    \[ = k(2a) + k(b + c) \]
    \[ = k(2a + b + c) \]
    \[ = kT(a, b, c) \]
    Therefore, \( T(k\mathbf{u}) = kT(\mathbf{u}) \).

    Since both properties hold, \( T \) is a linear transformation.

    (b) Check if (2, 1, -1) is in Ker(T)


    To check if \( (2, 1, -1) \) is in the kernel of \( T \), we need to determine if \( T(2, 1, -1) =
    0 \).

    \[ T(2, 1, -1) = 2(2) + (1 + (-1)) = 4 + 0 = 4 \]

    Since \( T(2, 1, -1)


    eq 0 \), \( (2, 1, -1) \) is not in the kernel of \( T \).

    (c) Basis of Ker(T)


    The kernel of \( T \) is the set of all vectors \( (a, b, c) \) such that \( T(a, b, c) = 0 \).

    \[ T(a, b, c) = 2a + (b + c) = 0 \]
    \[ \implies 2a + b + c = 0 \]

    We can express one variable in terms of the others. For example, let \( a \) and \( b \) be
    free variables. Then,

    \[ c = -2a - b \]

    A general solution for the kernel is:

    \[ (a, b, c) = (a, b, -2a - b) = a(1, 0, -2) + b(0, 1, -1) \]

    The vectors \( (1, 0, -2) \) and \( (0, 1, -1) \) form a basis for \( ext{Ker}(T) \).

    (d) Rank and Nullity of T


    The **nullity** of \( T \) is the dimension of the kernel of \( T \), which is the number of
    vectors in the basis of \( ext{Ker}(T) \). From part (c), we found that the basis of \(
    ext{Ker}(T) \) consists of 2 vectors:

    So, **nullity** \( = 2 \).

    The **rank** of \( T \) is the dimension of the image (or range) of \( T \). Since \( T \) maps
    \( \mathbb{R}^3 \) to \( \mathbb{R} \) and the rank-nullity theorem states:

    \[ ext{Rank}(T) + ext{Nullity}(T) = ext{Dimension of domain} \]

    Given that the dimension of the domain (\( \mathbb{R}^3 \)) is 3:

    \[ ext{Rank}(T) + 2 = 3 \]
    \[ ext{Rank}(T) = 1 \]

    So, the **rank** of \( T \) is 1.

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