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    A3n1v Wu1w9

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    A3n1v Wu1w9

    Uploaded by

    yolandafraga
    5 views20 pages

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    a3n1v-wu1w9

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views20 pages

    A3n1v Wu1w9

    Uploaded by

    yolandafraga

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 20

    Verb patterns:

    Gerund or Infnntnve?
    1. Verb patterns with the INFINITIVE

    1.After certann verbs:

    agree ask ofer promise refuse


    want beg want atempt hope
    decide dare expect can’t wait
    e.g. He asked to do it.
    I hope to run a marathon this year.
    2. After certann verbs + object

    ask ofer promise encourage persuade


    want beg order need tell

    e.g. They asked him to do it. Some of the verbs can take both
    Promise me to come back. forms:
    • She wanted to do it.
    • She wanted him to do it.

    ask, beg, want, help


    3. Bare nnfnntnve 4. Adjectnve + Infnntnve

    We use nnfnntnve after


    help let make adjectnves!

    e.g. Are you happy to see me?


    e.g. We let her stay.
    It´s difcult to play the guitar.
    We made him go.
    She helped me (to) pack
    2. Verb patterns with GERUND

    1.After certann verbs:


    admit deny suggest enjoy feel like

    e.g. He admited spealing the money.


    She suggested travelling by bus.
    2. After preposntnons, preposntnonal or phrasal
    verbs
    e.g. After leaving school, he joined the army.
    She apologized for arriving late.
    I´ve given up smoking.

    Prep. TO

    I´m looking forward to seeing you.


    I´m not used to driving on the lef.
    Do you feel up to going out this evening?
    Often, a that clause can be used after the mann
    verb nn place of a gerund or nnfnntnve wnthout
    any change nn meannng.

    e.g. She admited (that) she had made a mistake.


    He promised (that) he would do it.

    They suggested (that) we should have a long break.


    They suggested (that) we have a long break.
    They suggested (that) we had a long break.
    3. Verb patterns with INFINITIVE & GERUND
    (little or no change in meaning)

    begin contnue start

    e.g. It began/started/contnued to rain/raining.

    The choice may depend on the context/other verbs.

    It´s just startng to rain.


    He slowly began to understand the situaton.
    NOTE: While the rules say that verbs start, begin, continue can
    be followed by either gerund or infnitive, we usually avoid one
    of those forms if it has already been used for the verb start,
    begin or continue itself, for stylistic reasons.

    e.g. We have to start to look at…. X


    We have to start looking at …V
    Many verbs that express feelnngs and attntudes can be
    followed by both , and the dnstnnctnon nn meannng ns small.

    like love prefer can´t stand hate


    e.g. I like travelling by train. (more general)
    I like to travel by train when I go to my grandmother’s. (more partcular)

    I like making jam. (emphasis on experince, acton, enjoyment)


    We have a lot of fruit in the garden. I like to make jam every year.
    (a habit or
    preference)
    I like to pay my bills on tme. (a habit or preference)
    NOTE: When we use would wnth hate, like, love, prefer,
    we use the to-nnfnntnve, not the -nng form:

    e. g We would love to hear you sing.


    We would love hearing you sing.
    4. Verb patterns with INFINITIVE & GERUND
    (change in meaning!!!)

    After remember, regret, forget, the gerund refers to an acton in the past (earlier in tme than the main verb) the infnitve - to present or future acton.

    remember regret forget


    (be sorry for sth in the present, (to be sorry about sth in the past)
    before you say it)
    Oh no, I forgot to take my
    medicine this morning.
    (I didn’t do it)

    I forgot taking my medicine this


    morning. (I’m not sure, I don´t
    remeber doing the acton)
    stop

    He stopped smoking. He stopped to smoke.


    go on

    She went on talking even though I asked her to be quiet. (contnue doing sth)

    They went on to open 5 more branches afer the success of the frst restaurant.
    (what they did afterwards)
    try

    Why don’t you try doing yoga? (experiment)

    I’m going to try to win the game. (efort, difcult)


    mean

    I’m sorry I didn’t mean to hurt you. (it wasn’t my intenton)

    We have to be at the airport at 9. It means getng up at 7.


    (involve)
    After verbs of senses (see, hear, etc.) + object, the
    gerund sngnnfes an actnon nn progress; the nnfnntnve – a
    completed actnon.

    e.g. We saw him cutng the hedge. (He was in the middle of the process)
    We saw him cut the hedge. (We saw the whole event)

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