ENI - Drilling Fluids Operations Manual
ENI - Drilling Fluids Operations Manual
ENI - Drilling Fluids Operations Manual
1
ENI S.p.A. DEPARTMENT ACTIVITY' DEPT. TYPE SECTION N.
TITLE
DRILLING FLUIDS OPERATIONS MANUAL
DISTRIBUTION LIST
NOTE: The present document is available in Eni Agip Intranet (http://wwwarpo.in.agip.it) and a
CD-Rom version can also be distributed (requests will be addressed to STAP Dept. in
Eni - Agip Division Headquarter)
f
e
d
c
b Issued by G. Ferrari C. Lanzetta A. Galletta
28/06/99 28/06/99 28/06/99
The present document is CONFIDENTIAL and it is property of AGIP It shall not be shown to third parties nor shall it be used for
reasons different from those owing to which it was given
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 2 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
INDEX
3. FLUID CHARACTERISTICS 20
3.1 NON-INHIBITIVE WATER BASED FLUIDS 20
3.2 INHIBITED WATER-BASE FLUIDS 37
3.3 OIL BASED FLUID 50
3.4 INHIBITED AND/OR ENVIRONMENTAL FLUIDS 55
4. FLUID MAINTENANCE 72
4.1 WATER BASED FLUIDS MAINTENANCE 73
4.1.1 Analysing Flow Chart For Water Based Fluid Reports 73
4.1.2 Maintenance Problems 74
4.1.3 Chemical Treatment of Contaminents 77
4.1.4 H2S Scavengers 78
4.1.5 Poylmer Structures/Relationship 79
4.2 OIL BASED FLUIDS MAINTENANCE 80
4.2.1 Analysing Flow Chart For Oil Based Fluid Reports 80
4.2.2 Maintenance Problems 81
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 3 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
5. SOLIDS CONTROL 84
5.1 SOLIDS REMOVAL EQUIPMENT SPECIFICATIONS 84
5.2 STATISTICAL DISTRIBUTION OF SOLIDS 84
5.3 EQUIPMENT PERFORMANCE 84
5.4 EQUIPMENT RECOMENDATIONS 85
5.4.1 Double Shale Shakers 86
5.4.2 Single Deck Shale Shakers 87
5.5 SCREEN SPECIFICATION 88
5.5.1 Nomenclature 88
5.6 CYCLONE SYSTEMS 89
5.7 CENTRIFUGE SYSTEMS 90
5.7.1 PrInciple Of Operation 90
5.7.2 Centrifuge Processing 91
6. TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 92
6.1 LOST CIRCULATION CONTROL TECHNIQUES 93
6.2 LOSSES IN VARIOUS FORMATION TYPES 94
6.3 CHOICE OF LCM SPOT PILLS 94
6.3.1 LCM Information 95
6.3.2 LCM Efficiency 95
6.4 TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE 96
6.4.1 Loss Of Circulation With Water Based Fluids 96
6.4.2 Loss Of Circulation With Oil Based Fluids 98
1.1 INTRODUCTION
This manual is not a training document, but is intended to be instructional and aimed at
engineers and technicians who are already familiar with drilling fluid technology. It is
particularly intended to meet with Eni-Agip’s operational requirements.
This manual addresses the Company’s fluid operators, drilling engineers and all those
involved in the supervision of the work carried out by contractor companies and in the
planning or evaluation of the drilling fluids to be employed. However, it does not aim to be
a comprehensive all encompassing document giving information on the entire subject, but
aims to provide sufficient information to support the company’s technicians in better use
of fluid technology.
Therefore, this manual does not instruct on how to prepare or maintain drilling fluids, but
only to aid in these tasks by providing the information needed to evaluate the advantages
and limitations of the various fluid systems, hence maximising drilling performance,
reducing reservoir damage in an environmentally friendly and cost effective manner.
This document does not describe the decision making process but summarises it through
the use of flow charts and forms, organised in a logical sequence. The reader may select
a single form or use the entire sequence in order to determine the best solution to their
requirements. The method adopted herein, will be explained in the following ‘Guide to
Using the Manual’. This document does not include standard industry calculations or
charts relating to volumes and capacities or information relating to drilling fluids which are
available in industry handbooks.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 6 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
GATHER
IDENTIFY
VERIFY
CHECK
DEFINE
IS THERE A PROBLEM ?
YES/NO
ANSWER
EVALUATE
TAKE ACTION
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 8 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
3) Provide information about solids removal equipment, which may aid in the choice of
equipment type and the size. The solids removal equipment in the description of the
fluid systems provides equipment recommend nations, see section 5.
4) Describe problems relating to lost circulation and stuck pipe, section 6. Regarding
lost circulation, a troubleshooting guide describes remedial actions for various types
of losses, in addition to some information concerning lost control materials. For
stuck pipe, recommendations on preventive measures are included and treatment to
be undertaken.
5) Provide information about drilling fluid products, section 8.1 ‘Comparable Charts of
Competitive Drilling Fluid Product Trademark’ compares similar products and their
functional performances and consequently the various products, at different
concentrations. This indicates the different product concentrations and costs.
Therefore technical and/or economical analysis of these different products should
be carried out the concentrations necessary in similar operational conditions and
results.
6) Provide analysis procedures in section 10 ‘Drilling Fluid Analysis’ provides analysis
procedures which complies with API RP 13B-1 regulations dated June 1, 1990. The
procedures with state listed on order to simplify the execution of various analysis
showing the results achieved the conversion factors.
This section is integrated with the following sub sections and covers all the various types
of drilling fluids.
GATHER
IDENTIFY
VERIFY
CHECK
DEFINE
DEPH
LITHOLOGY ON/OFF SHORE
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MINERALOHY
LEGISLATION
WASTE REMOVAL MODALITES
DRILLING PROGRAMME
GRADIENT
DRILL TUBING PROFILES
DEVIATION PROGRAM
HYDRAULIC PROGRAM WASTE REMOVAL COSTS
LENGTH
CHARACTERISTICS
REQUIRED
PHYSICAL CHAR.
SOLIDS REMOVAL EQUIPMENT
MIXING FACILITIES
CHARACTERISTICS STORING AREAS
REQUIRED SUPPLY
PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL
CHARACTERISTICS
LAB TESTING
INTERACTIONS
FORMATION/FLUID
TYPE(S) OF FLUID
FLOW LINES:
Agip Division
ENI S.p.A.
CHARACTERISTICS
lubricant properties
formation inhibition
solids-removal eq.
OF THE FLUIDS SYSTEMS
maint. difference
logisti difference
cutting inhibition
LGS tolerance
non-dispersed
alternative oil
temperature
CUTTINGS
fresh water
convertible
sea water
dispersed
COSTS
density
ARPO
re-use
AGIP
diesel
SYSTEM
LT oil
MUD
CODE
FW SW-GE BENTONITE X X X B B B B B A B T1 D1 B B B B
SW-GG GUAR GUM SUSPENSION X X X
IDENTIFICATION CODE
FW SW-GE-PO BENTONITICO-CMC X X X B B B B B A M T1 D1 B B B B
FW SW-LS X X X B B A B B M B T2 D4 B B B M
STAP -P-1-M-6160
LIGNOSOLFONATE
FW-LW LOW SOLIDS WITH BENT.EXTENDER X X M B B M B A A T1 D1 B B B B
FW SW-CL CROMOLIGNIN X X X B B A B B B M T3 D4 B B B M
FW-PK AGIPAK (KCMC) X X M B B B M A A T1 D1 B B B B
FW SW-PA PAC (DRISPAC) X X X M B B M M A A T2 D1 B M B B
FW SW-PC PHPA X X X M B M M B A A T2 D3 B M B B
FW SW-KC POTASSIUM CHLORIDE X X X (X) A M M/B M A B A T2 D3 B A M A
FW-K2 POTASSIUM CARBONATE X X A M B A A B A T2 D3 B A B B
FW-KA POTASSIUM ACETATE X X A M M/B M A B A T2 D3 B A B B
FW SW-SS SALT SATURATED X X X A M B A A B A T2 D4 B M A A
FW SW-GL CLYCOL X X X M B B A A M A T2 D3 A A B B
FW SW-CT CATIONIC X X X A A A A A A T2 D3 B A A A
0
FW SW-MR MOR-EX (KLM) X (X) X A B A A A A T2 D4 B A B M
FW SW-GY GYPSUM X (X) X A M A M B B M T3 D4 B B B M
PAGE
REVISION
A = HIGH TEMPERATURE T1 = 100 °C MAX DENSITY' Kg/l D1 = 1.2 MAX
14 OF 155
M = MEDIUM T2 = 150 °C MAX D2 = 1.5 MAX
B = LOW T3 = 200 °C MAX D3 = 1.8 MAX
T4 = 250 °C MAX D4 = 2.1 MAX
= ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPACT D5
ENV. = 2.4 MAX
refers to the equipment recommended in section 5.
The level of solids removal equipment as indicated in the ‘Description of Fluid Systems’
Agip Division
ENI S.p.A.
CHARACTERISTICS
lubricant properties
formation inhibition
solids-removal eq.
OF THE FLUID SYSTEMS
logistic difference
maint. difference
cutting inhibition
LGS tolerance
non-dispersed
alternative oil
temperature
CUTTINGS
fresh water
convertible
sea water
dispersed
COSTS
ARPO
density
AGIP
re-use
SYSTEM
diesel
LT oil
MUD
CODE
FW SW-LI LIME X X X M B A M B M M T2 D4 B B B M
X X X B B B A M A A T4 D3 B A B B
FW SW-HT FOR T. MORE THAN 200 °C
IDENTIFICATION CODE
STAP -P-1-M-6160
DS-IE DIESEL INVERT EMULSION X A A A M A B A A T4 D5 A B A A
LT-IE LOW TOXICITY OIL I.E. X A A A M A A A A T4 D5 A M M A
PAGE
REVISION
D1
15 OF 155
A = HIGH TEMPERATURE T1 = 100 °C MAX DENSITY Kg/l = 1.2 MAX
M = MEDIUM T2 = 150 °C MAX D2 = 1.5 MAX
B = LOW T3 = 200 °C MAX D3 = 1.8 MAX
T4 = 250 °C MAX D4 = 2.1 MAX
ENV. = ENVIRONMENTALLY IMPACT D5 = 2.4 MAX
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 16 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
3. FLUID CHARACTERISTICS
Lubricant Properties
Mainten. Difference
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Cutting Inhibition
Non-dispersed
LGS Tolerance
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Dispersed
Sea Water
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Cost
Mud
X X B B B B B A B T1 D1 B B B B
APPLICATION
- Drilling start-up;
- Viscose pills; A clay base should be provided to more complex polymer-base fluid;
- After prehydrating, sea water can be added;
- Specific treatments may adapt characteristics to the needs;
- Easily convertible to more complex systems.
LIMITATIONS
- Highly sensitve to chemical contaminants;
- Low solids tolerance;
- Unadequate characteristics for situations other than drilling start-up.
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2)
MBT(Kg/m3 equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
NaCl (gr/l)
O/W ratio
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
30
1.3 40 6 5 1 6 12 8.5
1.15 60 10 10 3 15 20 9.5 320 50
FRESH WATER
BENTONITE (OCMA) 40-70
CAUSTIC SODA 1-2
MAINTENANCE:
CONTAMINANTS REMEDIALS
Pf / Pm
Density
Filtrate
%Sand
Solids
Yield
NaCl
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
CO 2 -- + + -- -- + - DEGAS
- ALTERNATE TREATMENT
WITH NaOH and Ca(OH)2
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tollerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Mud
Cost
X X T1 D1 B B B
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2)
MBT(kg/m3 equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.03 100+ 20 30 15 15 NC 7
SEA WATER
GUAR GUM 10
BACTERICIDE as needed
PREPARATION
- Avoid adding NaOH to the system;
- Use a bactericideif not used immediately;
- For hydrations, stir at high speed for approx. 1hr;
- 'Fish eyes' can be easily observed.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 25 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
Formation Inhibition
Lubricant Properties
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Mud
Cost
X X X B B B B B A B T1 D1 B B B B
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2)
MBT(kg/m3 equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Calcium (gr/l)
Density (SG)
NaCl (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.03 40 5 4 2 8 10 8.5 20
1.15 80 15 15 4 15 2 9.5 60
FRESH/SALT WATER
BENTONITE 20 - 60
CAUSTIC SODA 1-3
CMC HV 0-6
CMC LV 2 - 10
MAINTENANCE:
To control RHEOLOGY:
- Increase: Bentonite, CMC HV;
- Decrease: Solids-Removal, Dilution, Lignosulfonates.
To control FILTRATE:
- CMC LV and/or Bentonite.
Pf / Pm
Density
REMEDIALS
%Sand
CONTAMINANTS
Filtrate
Solids
Yield
NaCl
MBT
Gels
PV
Ca
pH
Mf
- CENTRIFUGE
SHALES + + + =/-- -- -- =/-- + +
- DILUTION
- CONVERT TO FW LS
--
GYPSUM/ANHYDRITE = +/-- + + + =/-- -- + SO4 - DILUTION
+ - Na CARBONATE
- CONVERT TO FW-LS
- CONVERT TO FW-GY
SALT =/+ +/-- + + + + - DILUTION, CMC
- CONVERTIRE IN FW SS
CEMENT +/-- + + + + + -- + - DILUTION
- Na BICARBONATE
CO 2 -- + + -- -- + - DEGAS
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Cutting Inhibition
Maint. Diference
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Cost
Mud
X X M B B M B A A T1 D1 B B B B
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
MBT(kg/m 3equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
3 8 0.1
1.03 45 5 8 2 5 15 9.5
6 MAX MAX
FRESH WATER
BENTONITE 30
BENT. EXTENDER 0,12
NaOH/KOH 1-1,2
(CMC LV) 2-10
MIXING TIME: m3 /h : 50
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 28 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
Pf / Pm
Density
% Sand
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
NaCl
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
SALT,
+/- + + + + =/- = = + CONVERT TO SW-PO
SALT WATER
Formation Inhibition
Lubricant Properties
Logistic Tolerance
Maint. Tolerance
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Solids-removal
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Convertible
Fresh Water
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Re-use
Density
Diesel
LTOil
Cost
Mud
Eq.
X X X B B A B B M B T2 D4 B B B M
DESCRIPTION
- Most versatile fluid. Ideal for exploration wells;
- High solids-tolerance. Easy maintenance;
- High tolerance to chemical contaminants;
- Convertible to Lime or Gypsum-based fluids.
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2 )
MBT(kg/m3 equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
MAINTENANCE:
% Sand
Pf / Pm
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
Yield
NaCl
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
- SOLIDS CONTROL
- TREATMENT WITH FCL+SODA
SHALE + + + + =/- =/- - =/- + +
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Dispersed
Sea Water
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Mud
Cost
X (X) X B B A B B B M T3 D4 B B B M
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
MBT(kg/m 3equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
MAINTENANCE
- RHEOLOGY
- FILTRATE
Pf / Pm
% Sand
Solids
Filtrate
REMEDIAL
NaCl
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
TEMPERATURE + + + + - + FCL + CL
- + DEFLOC. AT HT
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 33 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
Lubricant Properties
Logistic Difference
Cutting Inhibition
Maint. Diffrence
LGS Tolerance
Solids-removal
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Sea Water
Formation
Dispersed
Inhibition
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Mud
Cost
Eq.
X X X M B B M A A T2 D4 B M B B
- Encapsulating system which needs the addition of an inhibitive salt for inhibition;
- High sensitvity to contaminations from polyvalent salts;
- Low solids tolerance.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE
DRILLING FLUIDS
Electrical Stability (volt)
Yield Point (gr/100cm2)
Funnel Visc. (sec/qt)
MBT(kg/m3 equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
FRESH/SALT WATER
BENTONITE 20-40
P.A.C.(REGULAR) 2-5
P.A.C.LV 0-5
NaOH 1,0-1,5
BARITE as needed
3
MIXING TIME: m /h 25 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 34 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
- Mainly encapsulating, this system needs an adequate concentration of polymer (>3 kg/m3) to limit cutting
dispersion and high increase of viscosity;
- Easily convertible to a Potassium-base system, both Polymer-base and dispersed;
- If a density increase above optimum range is desired, convert the system to a more solids-tolerant one.
- RHEOLOGY
- Decrease: Deflocculate using a short chain polymer (i.e.: short chain CMC LV, PHPA); Dilute; add CL
and/or FCL.
- FILTRATE
- Use PAC Regular/LV and/or CMC LV dependent on rheology desired. High salt content fluids can result
economical if employed with starches.
Pf / Pm
Density
Filtrate
% Sand
Solids
REMEDIAL
Yield
NaCl
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
SHALE + + + + - - - + + - DILUTION
- CONV. TO A MORE
INHIBITIVE SYSTEM
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
Non-dispersed
LGS Tolerance
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Cost
Mud
X X X M B M M M A A T2 D3 B M B B
- Encapsulating system which needs the addition of an inhibitive salt for inhibition;
- High sensitivity to contaminations from polyvalent salts;
- Low solids tolerance.
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2)
MBT(kg/m3equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
FRESH/SALT WATER
BENTONITE 30
PHPA 5
CMC LV (CL) 0-7 (10)
NaOH/KOH 0.1-0.5
BARITE as nedeed
MAINTENANCE
- RHEOLOGY
- Decrease: Deflocculate using a short chain polymer (i.e.: short chain CMC LV, PHPA);
Dilute; If a more energic action is needed, them add CL and/or FCL.
FILTRATE
- Use the most adequate a filtrate reducer according to the usage: (temperature, density, salinity).
% Sand
Pf / Pm
Density
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
NaCl
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
Ca
pH
Mf
Lubricant Properties
Logistic Difference
Solid-removal eq.
Cutting Inhibition
Maint. Difference
LGS Tolerance
Non-Dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
CUTTINGS
Formation
Dispersed
Sea Water
Inhibition
COSTO
Density
Re-use
MUD
Diesel
LT Oil
X X X A M B A A B A T2 D4 B M A A
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
MBT(Kg/m 3equiv.)
API filtrate (cc/30')
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
NaCl (gr/l)
O/W ratio
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
10
1.2 38 10 4 0 5 2 8.5 320 10
10
2.1 80 50 10 2 15 1 38 9.5 320
MAINTENANCE
RHEOLOGY
- Prior to dilution, try to use small concentrations of short chain polymer (i.e. CMC LV), or FCL (prehydrated in
fresh water) ;
- Rheology is generally maintained by adding prehydrated protected Bentonite (with a polymer or Lignosulphate)
and starch; If needed use a Bio-polymer.
FILTRATE
- Up to approx. 100 °C Temperature, use starch; For hgiher temperatures, PAC and/or CMC;
for temperatures more than 140 °C, estimate the use of oil-based fluid.
Density
Pf / Pm
% Sand
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
Cl
Lubricant Properties
Logistic Difference
Solid-removal eq.
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-Dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
CUTTINGS
Convertible
Sea Water
Formation
Dispersed
Inhibition
COSTO
Density
Re-use
Diesel
MUD
LT Oil
X X M B B B M A A T1 D1 B B B B
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
MBT(Kg/m3equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
NaCl (gr/l)
O/W ratio
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.03 40 5 4 2 8 10 5 8.5 20
_.
.
1.15 80 15 15 3 15 2 15 9.5 60
FRESH WATER
BENTONITE 20-60
KCMC / AGIPAC HV 2-6
KCMC / AGIPAK LV 2-10
KOH 2-4
3
MIXING TIME: m /h 25
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 41 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
- Low-solids tolerance;
- Good operating performance of the solids-removal equipment is needed to limit dilutions;
- Easily convertible to a dispersed potassium and polymer base system.
RHEOLOGY
FILTRATE
% Sand
Pf / Pm
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
Yield
NaCl
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solid-Removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-Dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
dispersed
Re-Use
Density
Cuttings
LT Oil
Diesel
Mud
Cost
X X X (X) A M B/M A M M A T2 D3 B A B M
MBT(kg/m3 equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol.)
Oil (% in vol.)
Calcium (gr/l)
Funnel V isc.
Density (SG)
Plastic Visc.
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
(sec/qt)
(cps)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.05
THE CHARACTERISTICS ARE THOSE TYPICAL OF THE BASE SYSTEM EMPLOYED.
1.8
3
MIXING TIME: m /h 25 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 43 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
- Adequate concentration of KCI must be maintained and monitored through laboratory tests, as well as by
observing the cuttings over the shale shakers;
- Fluid maintenance is that of the system to which KCI is added;
- System may be optimised by replacing the soda-base products with potassium-base ones;
- In sea water higher concentrations of KCI are required.
NOTE: KCl-BASE SYSTEM, ESPECIALLY IF POLYMERIC, TRADITIONALLY HAS HIGH RATES OF CORROSION.
% Sand
Pf / Pm
Density
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
Ca
pH
Mf
Cl
_
Shale + + + + +/- - - + + - Add. K+
- Increase concentration (K+)
CaSO4 = +/- +/= +/= +/= -/= + - Use products tolerant Ca++
Lubricant properties
Formation inhibition
Llogistic difference
Solid-removal eq.
Maint. difference
Cutting inhibition
LGS tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative oil
Temperature
Fresh water
Convertible
CUTTING
Sea water
Dispersed
COSTO
Density
Re-use
MUD
Diesel
LT oil
X (X) X A B A M B B M T3 D4 B B B M
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
MBT(kg/m 3
Density (SG)
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
3
FORMULATION PRODUCT kg-l/m
FRESH/SALT WATER
BENTONITE 50
ALCALINE AGENT 4
FC-LIGNOSOLFONATE 6-12
GYPSUM 10-20
CMC-LV/LIGNITE 3-7
BARITE as needed
MAINTENANCE
- Maintain excess Gypsum ranging from 10 to 20 kg/m3, regulate soluble Ca++ by varying pH from 9 to 10.5.
When pH is low, Ca++ is more soluble, and inhibition and maintenance difficulty become higher.
RHEOLOGY
- Use FCL as a thinning agent. If Ca++ is high, gelation problems may occur, especially with
high-solids content and temperatures near the system limit (150 °C).
FILTRATE
- CMC LV is an optimum filtrate reducer. The concentration of soluble Ca++ affects the quantity of filtrate
reducer needed;
- For elevated temperatures use lignite to control the filtrate.
Density
Pf / Pm
% Sand
Solids
Filtrate
REMEDIAL
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
Cl
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Density
Re-use
Cutting
Diesel
LT Oil
Cost
Mud
X X X M B A M B M M T2 D4 B B B M
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
MBT(kg/m3 equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.1 38 8 4 1 3 10 5 12 8 2 0,1 70 5
2.15 65 55 10 1 15 2 40 12.5 20 5 0,4 20 23
MAINTENANCE
- Excess lime to be used depends on the formation reactivity;
- The relationship betwen Pm/Pf with Pm>3Pf is vital as it provides exact indication of excess lime.
RHEOLOGY
- Increase: Prehydrated, lignosulphonate protected bentonite;
- Decrease: Maintain excess lime within optimum values, add lignosulphonate, dilute.
FILTRATE
- CMC LV is an optimum filtrate reducer. The concentration of soluble Ca++ affects the quantity of filtrate
reducer needed;
- For elevated temperatures use lignite to control the filtrate.
Density
% Sand
Pf / Pm
Filtrate
Solids
CONTAMINANTS REMEDIAL
Yield
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
Cl
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Dispersed
Sea Water
Density
Cuttings
Re-use
Diesel
LT oil
Mud
Cost
X (X) X A B A A A B A T1 D4 B A B M
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2)
MBT(kg/m3equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
MIXING TIME: 3
m /h 15 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 49 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
- System with floculation controlled by the balance between two salts and a polymer: Highly important to
maintain the balance between Pf, Pm and Morex;
- Always add Lime and Morex simultaneously in a ratio of 4/2 and 3/2 dependent on the characteristics
desired and temperature.
RHEOLOGY
FILTRATE
- Use starch as main filtrate reducer up to a temperature of 100 °C, for higher temperatures use starch and
lignite in a ratio of 2/1 and 1/1;
- Do not add alkaline agent to starch simultaneously as it may cause an increase of viscosity. Pre-solubilised
lignite may be convienvent.
Density
Pf / Pm
% Sand
REMEDIAL
Filtrate
Solids
Yield
CONTAMINANT
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
Cl
Lubricant Properties
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Formation
Inhibition
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Mud
Cost
X X A A A M A B A M T4 D3 A M A A
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2 )
Water (% in vol.)
Solids (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
CaCl2 (%)
pH
Mf
Pf
MAINTENANCE
- An Oil-base fluid is traditionally easy to maintain. Pay attention to record dilutions and product quantities
required in order to keep correct concentrations;
- To avoid problems, constantly monitor any modifications of the characteristics, especially the electrical
stability and HPHT filtrate. If any modifications, determine the possible causes and take prompt remedial
actions.
RHEOLOGY
- Should be determined at a temperature of 120 or 150oF. Do not use marsh viscosity for maintenance;
- Water is the principle viscosifier of Oil-base fluids. Its percent will vary depending on the characteristics
required. Other viscosifiers enhance yield point and Gels. Viscosity is also given by solids, thus it is essential
to decrease the water content in the fluid by increasing density.
FILTRATE
-The main filtrate reducer is given by the quality of emulsion. Other filtrate reducers may be needed for
high temperatures or for very low HPHT filtrate values.
EL. STAB.
F. HPHT
Cuttings
Density
Aspect
Wetting
CaCl2
Water
REMEDIALS
POM
CONTAMINANTS
Yield
Gels
0/W
PV
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Logistic Difference
Solid-removal Eq.
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Re-use
Density
Diesel
LT Oil
Cost
Mud
X X A A A M A B A M T4 D3 A M A A
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2 )
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
CaCl2 (%)
pH
Mf
Pf
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Density
Cuttings
Re-use
LT Oil
Diesel
Mud
Cost
X X A A A M A A A A T4 D5 A A A A
Gel 10'(gr/100cm )
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
Plastic Visc.
O/W Ratio
CaCl2 (%)
(cps)
pH
Mf
Pf
3
MIXING TIME: m /h 20 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 55 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
LT Oil
Diesel
Cost
Mud
X X A M B A A B A T2 D3 B A B B
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
MBT(kg/m 3equiv.)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
Plastic Visc.
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
(cps)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.1 40 8 4 1 4 6 0 10.5 0 30
1.8 50 36 8 2 12 25 11.5 MAX
MAINTENANCE
- RHEOLOGY
- Decrease: Deflocculate using a short chain polymer (i.e.: short chain CMC LV, PHPA);
Dilute; If a more energic action is needed, them add CL and/or FCL.
FILTRATE
- Use the most adequate a filtrate reducer according to the usage: (temperature, density, salinity).
% Sand
Pf / Pm
Density
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
NaCl
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
Ca
pH
Mf
Lubricant Properties
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Difference
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Formation
Inhibition
Cutings
Density
Re-use
LT Oil
Diesel
Mud
Cost
X X (X) A M M A M M A T3 B A B M
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2 )
MBT(kg/m 3equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
Plastic Visc.
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
(cps)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.05 THE CHARACTERISTICS ARE TRADITIONALLY THOSE OF THE BASE SYSTEM USED.
3
MIXING TIME: m /h 25 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 59 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
- More than other K+ base system, it is particulary designed for use in dispersed high density and/or high
temperature fluids;
- Estimate the the cuttings over shale shakers and adapt K+ concentrations.
FILTRATE
SOLIDS
% SAND
Pf / Pm
YIELD
GELS
REMEDIAL ACTIONS
NaCl
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
PV
Ca
pH
Mf
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Tolerance
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-Dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Properties
Lubricant
Density
Re-use
Cutting
LT Oil
Diesel
Mud
Cost
X X X X B B B M M A A T4 D3 B AA B B
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
MBT(kg/m 3equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
MAINTENANCE
- Solids control is highly important, therefore always monitor solids percentage, reactivity, and size by means of
adequate analyses;
- Verify rheology at 120 °F;
- Maintain the fluid chemical parameters within the values. At high temperature all reactions may result
accelerated.
RHEOLOGY
FILTRATE
- Filtrate reducers must be chosen according to temperature and ionic environment, such as: Chromelignin,
HT polymer mixture (i.e. Resinex), polyacrylates and polyacriyamides. In case of high concentrations of
bivalent ions, use copolymers based on amps.
% Sand
Pf / Pm
Density
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
Cl
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Tolerance
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Properties
Lubricant
Density
Re-use
Cutting
Diesel
LT Oil
Mud
Cost
X X X A M A A A A T2 D3 B AA A A
Gel 10'(gr/100cm 2)
MBT(kg/m3equiv.)
API HTHP (cc/30')
Plastic Visc. (cps)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.1 45 10 2 1 2 7 30 10 9 (50)
MAINTENANCE
- Tolerance between cationic and conventional (anionic) polymers should be verified. Tolerance is traditionally
possible for formulations with a certain content of chloride ion;
- Never use lignosulphonates or other anionic polymers, even in presence of chlorides. Do not increase pH
above 9.5 value.
RHEOLOGY
- System maintenance may be difficult due to the poor availability of compatible products with cationic
polymers;
- Generally a biopolymer and/or HEC is used as a viscosifier;
- Solids control is highly important.
FILTRATE
- The most used filtrate reducers are: Modificated starches, kaolinte, prehydrated and PVA (Polyvinil alcohol)
protected bentonite;
- PAC can be employed in presence of electrolytes.
Density
Pf / Pm
%Sand
Filtrate
Solids
Yield
REMEDIAL
MBT
Gels
CONTAMINANTS
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
Cl
CaSO4 + - NO CONTAMINATION
Lubricant Properties
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Maint. Tolerance
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Formation
Inhibition
Density
Re-use
Cutting
LT Oil
Diesel
Mud
Cost
X X X M B B A A M A T2 D2 M A B B
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2 )
MBT(g/m3 equiv.)
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
Plastic Visc.
O/W Ratio
NaCl (gr/l)
Ca (gr/l)
(cps)
Pm
pH
Mf
Pf
1.1 CHARACTERISTICS, ESPECIALLY THE PV, ARE DEPENDENT ON THE % OF GLYCOL AND BASE
SYSTEM USED (TRADITIONALLY PHPA).
1.8
BENTONITE 10-30
CAUSTIC SODA 3
PHPA and/or PAC 8/3
GLYCOL 10-400
MODIFIED STARCH and/or Na POLYACRYLATES 6/2
BIOPOLYMER 2
BARITE as needed
MIXING TIME: m3/h 20 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 65 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
- Fluid maintenance is that of the base system used;
- Determination of glycol content may result difficult;
- If glycol percentage increases, Then PV increases dramatically, thus limiting the
solids content allowed in the system (density and LGS limits).
RHEOLOGY
- Prior to dilution, try to use small concentrations of short-chain polymer (i.e. CMC LV), or chrome-free
lignosulphonate.
FILTRAT
- Use starch up to approx. 100 oC, for higher temperatures PAC and/or CMC for temperatures more
than 140-150 oC, Napolyacrylate is recommended.
N.B.This system is being developed. The information given is general and subject to
modification.
Density
Pf / Pm
%Sand
Filtrate
Solids
REMEDIAL
Yield
CONTAMINANTS
MBT
Gels
PV
pH
Ca
Mf
Cl
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Cutting Inhibition
Maint. Tolerance
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
Diesel
LT Oil
Mud
Cost
X A A A M A B A M T4 D3 A M M A
2
Gel 10'(gr/100cm )
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
CaCl2 (%)
O/W Ratio
pH
Mf
Pf
MIXING TIME: 3
m /h 15 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 67 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
- Refer to DS-IE for maintenance procedures;
- Control if oil percentage of cuttings from oil-base fluid is within the values to allow the discharge. Take
all actions to maintain this percentage low;
- Optimise solids-removal equipment;
- Maintain the lowest oil/water ratio, compatible to the characteristics required.
HPHT F.
El. Stab.
Density
Cuttings
Wetting
CaCl2
Water
Aspect
REMEDIAL
POM
CONTAMINANTS
Yield
Gels
0/W
PV
CaCl2 > 35% +/- +/- + - (+) (PLAST.) - ADD. FRESH WATER
- ADD. WETTING AGENT
HIGH - - + - - = - - ADDEMULSIFIERS
TEMPERATURE
- ADD FILTRATE REDUCERS
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 68 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Cutting Inhibition
Maint. Tolerance
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
LT Oil
Diesel
Mud
Cost
X A A M A M M A A T2 D2 A M M A
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2 )
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
O/W Ratio
CaCl2 (%)
pH
Mf
Pf
80 50 15 8 0 10 25 2.5 25 10 500
MIXING TIME: 3
m /h 15 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 69 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
MAINTENANCE
- Generally maintained as an oil-base fluid;
- Unstable due to the high water percentage and more difficult to maintain than
a conventional oil-base fluid;
- Low electrical stability. Emulsion quality is evaluated from HPHT filtrate by verifying
the absence of water.
RHEOLOGY
- Very high rheology;
- High viscosity may allow a high percentage of residual fluid, and oil from cuttings. To
reduce viscosity, increase the O/W ratio. However, this may also increase oil from
cuttings, find a right balance between the two factors.
FILTRATE
- HPHT filtrate provides stability to the system. Its maintenance is highly important. Avoid
overtreatment with emulsifiers or filtrate reducers for excessive viscosity.
F. HPHT
EL. Stab.
Density
Wetting
CaCl2
Aspect
Water
Cuttings
POM
Yield
CONTAMINANTS REMEDIAL
Gels
0/W
PV
Logistic Difference
Solid-removal Eq.
Cutting Inhibition
LGS Tolerance
Maint Diffrence
Alternative Oil
Non-dispersed
Temperature
Fresh Water
Convertible
Dispersed
Formation
Sea Water
Properties
Lubricant
Inhibition
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
LT Oil
Diesel
Mud
Cost
X A A A M A B A M T2 D3 A AA B A
Gel 10'(gr/100cm )
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density (SG)
Plastic Visc.
O/W Ratio
CaCl2 (%)
(cps)
pH
Mf
Pf
+/- 2 1 15 4 600
1.5 35 13 2 10 0 80/20
80 5 2 25 8 1000
Lubricant Properties
Formation Inhibition
Solids-removal Eq.
Logistic Difference
Cutting Inhibition
Maint. Tolerance
LGS Tolerance
Non-dispersed
Alternative Oil
Fresh Water
Temperature
Convertible
Sea Water
Dispersed
Cuttings
Density
Re-use
LT Oil
Diesel
Mud
Cost
X A A A M A B A A T3 D4 A AA B A
Gel 10'(gr/100cm2 )
Solids (% in vol.)
Water (% in vol.)
Sand (% in vol)
Oil (% in vol.)
Density(SG)
O/W Ratio
CaCl2 (%)
pH
Mf
Pf
70 600
POLIOLEFINE 580
BRINE (CaCl2)) 275
EMULSIFIER 15
WETTING AGENT 6
LIME 17
VISCOSIFIER 6
FILTRATE REDUCER AS NEEDED
BARITE AS NEEDED
MIXING TIME: m3/h 15 + WEIGHTING TIME
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 72 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
4. FLUID MAINTENANCE
In this section are flow charts related to the reading of water based fluid daily drilling
reports. These charts are should be read according to the general decision process as
follows:
IS THERE A PROBLEM ?
YES/NO
ANSWER
EVALUATE
TAKE ACTION
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 73 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
GELS
ESTIMATE:
YIELD POINT +
PV
DENSITY
% SOLIDS
LGS/HGS FILTRATE =/- FILTRATE +
MBT
CAKE =/- CAKE +
SOLIDS
CONTAMINATION
EXCESS CHEMICAL
VISCOSIFIER CONTAMINATION
ESTIMATE:
ESTIMATE:
Solids Removal
Equipment
and notes on pH
Dilution
PM,PF,MF
Cl-
Ca++
Mg++
etc....
- READ COMMENTS
- MATERIALS USED
DENSITY
PV
YIELD
GELS
FILTRATE
pH/Pf
SOLIDS
IONS
OTHER
HIGH VISCOSITY WITH
FLOCCULATED FLUID. + + + +
Agip Division
PILL.
REVISION
74 OF 155
MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS OF WATER-BASE FLUIDS
DENSITY
PV
YIELD
GELS
pH/Pf
OTHER
FILTRATE
SOLIDS
IONS
ENI S.p.A.
VISCOSITY INCREASE
WITH/WITHOUT VOLUME
Agip Division
INCREASE. + + + -/- Mg MgCl2, FROM TREAT WITH CAUSTIC SODA FOR LIGHT CONTAMINATION AND
ARPO
HIGH VISCOSITY,
PARTICULARLY YIELD
AND GELS AT 10". CONTAMINATION DIFFICULT TO RECOGNIZE, ESPECIALLY IN
UNEFCETVE + + =/+ Mf+ FORMATION CO2:
THERMAL COLORED FILTRATES.
TREATMENTS. INCREASE pH WITH NaOH, IF CONTAMINATION IS DUE TO
STAP -P-1-M-6160
DEGRADATION OF
POLYMERS: HCO3 AND Ca++ IS PRESENT THE FLUID;
IDENTIFICATION CODE
REVISION
75 OF 155
MAINTENANCE PROBLEMS OF WATER-BASE FLUIDS
DENSITY
OTHER
PV
YIELD
GELS
FILTRATE
pH/Pf
SOLIDS
IONS
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
STINKING WELL + + + - s-- H2S FROM FROMATION IF FROM FROMATION,TREAT WITH SCAVENGERS;IN RISKY
VISCOSITY INCREASE. THERMAL OR BACTERIAL AREAS PRETREAT AND/OR MAINTAIN ALKALINITY.
ARPO
DIFFICULTY TO CONTINUE + + + + -/- HIGH TEMPERATURE REDUCE DILL SOLIDS CONCENTRATION; INCREASE
DRILLING AFTER TRIPPING, DISPERSER CONCENTRATION; USE FILTRATE REDUCERS
DIFFICULTY TO RUN TOOLS ADEQUATE TO TEMPERATURE, BY KEEPING HPHT FILTRATE
IN HOLE, HIGHLY AT VALUES SUFFICIENT TO PREVENT FLUID DEHYDRATION
GELATINIZED BOTTOM PILL. WHILE TRIPPING.
DISPLACING A PRETREATED FLUID PILL IN THE OPEN HOLE
STAP -P-1-M-6160
3
Contaminants Contaminant Ion Corrective Scavengers Quantitative (kg/M )
To Remove 1gr/L
Of Contaminant Ion
Gypsum Or Calcium (Ca++) • Soda Ash (Na2CO3) 2.64
Anhydrite • SAPP (Na2H2P207) 2.77
• Sodium Bicarbonate 2.09
(Na2CO3)
Cement/Lime Calcium (Ca++) + • SAPP 2.77
Hydroxil (OH-)
• Sodium Bicarbonate 2.09
Hard Water Magnesium (Mg++) • A) NaOH and increase Ph To 3.3
10.5
Calcium (Ca++) • B) Soda Ash 2.65
H2S S-- Maintain Ph Above 10.5 Refer to indication
• Zinc Oxide (Zn0) given for each
product.
• Zinc Carbonate (ZnCO3)
• Chelate Zinc
• Ironite Sponge (Fe304)
Carbon Dioxide Carbonates (CO3--) • Gypsum (CaSO4) 2.85
(CO2) Bicarbonates (HCO3-) • Lime (CaOH2) 1.23
• Lime 1.21
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 78 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
FLOCCULANT HIGH MOLECULAR WEIGHT WITH IONIC CHARGES ABSORBABLE FROM SHALES
FUNZIONI
DEFLOCCULAN.
VISCOSIZZANTI
TYPE
RID. FILTRATO
FLOCCULANTI
RACCOMENDED
OF
EXTENDER
TREATMENT LIMITATIONS
POLYMER Kg/m
3 NOTES
WELL PROBLEMS
ADDITIVES USED TO
MAINTAIN
CHARACTERISTICS
The stability of oil based fluid characteristics does not allow the same evaluation of
contaminants carried out on water based fluids.
Problems are dealt with through a comparison of the characteristics by recording changes
on a consumption basis, as for example:
dry and fragile cuttings, salinity fall and/or excessive additions of CaCl2 to maintain
salinity, water content increase and/or additions of oils and emulsifiers to maintain W/O
ratio at correct levels which may indicate an excessive salinity.
However, evaluation is simplified by the limited amount of problems encountered.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 81 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
• Dull, grainy appearance Low emulsion 1) Low emulsifier 1) Add emulsifier with lime.
of fluid. stability content. 2) Dilute with fresh water if
• High HP/HT filtrate fluid 2) Super-saturated with needed. Add secondary
with water. CaCl2. emulsifier.
• Barite settling 3) Add emulsifiers and lime
3) Water flows. if needed recover o/w
• Blinding of shaker ratio.
screens.
4) Maximise agitation.
• Extreme cases can Check electrolytes
4) Fluid from mud plant
cause water wetting of content, the higher the
or wrong make up.
solids. contents, the harder the
emulsifier is to form
• High HP/HT filtrate with High filtrate 1) Low emulsifier 1) Add emulsifier and lime.
water. content.
• Low ES. Fill on bottom- 2) Low concentration of 2) Add adequate filtrate
hole. filtrate reducer. reducer.
• Sloughing shale. 3) High bottom hole 3) Increase concentration of
temperature emulsifier if a relaxed
filtrate system, convert to
a conventional system.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 82 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
• High PV, high yp, High viscosity 1) High solid percentage 1) Dilute with oil; optimise
increase of solids solids-removal
and/or water. equipment; add
emulsifiers.
2) Water contamination 2) Add emulsifiers.
3) Overtreatment with 3) Dilute with oil.
emulsifiers, especially
primary emulsifier.
• Fill at drill pipe change Sloughing 1) Drilling underbalance. 1) Increase fluid weight.
and after tripping; Shales 2) Excessive filtrate. 2) Increase emulsifier
torque and drag content, add filtrate
reducers.
• Increase of cuttings 3) Activity too low. 3) Increase CaCl2 contents
over shakers to match formation
activity.
4) Inadequate hole 4) Add viscosifiers.
cleaning.
• Low YP and gels, barite Barite settling 1) Poor oil wetting of 1) Add secondary emulsifier
settling in the barite. and/or wetting agent;
viscometer cup. slow addition of barite.
2) Too low gels. 2) Add most adequate
viscosifier.
• Pit volume decrease. Lost Circulation 1) Hydrostatic pressure 1) Add mica or granulars.
• Return losses. is more than Never add fibrous or
formation pressure. synthetic materials (i.e.
Nylon).
• Soft cuttings, blinding Too low activity 1) Too low concentration 1) Allow concentration to
tendencies of shaker can result in hole of CaCl2. balance by itself if not
screens. Decrease of instability. severe, report CaCl2 in
water content. percentage. Report
where water migration
stops as the balance
point. Recover the
correct o/w ratio with the
above percentage.
• Dry and fragile cuttings Too high activity. 1) Excessive 1) Allow concentration to
fall of salinity and/or Embrittlement of concentration of balance by itself if not
excessive additions of cuttings helps CaCI2. severe, add oil and
CaCI2 to maintain the build up of surfactants until balance
salinity, water content fine solids. point has been reached.
increase or several Formation can
additions of oil to keep be weakened.
O/W ratio.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 84 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
5. SOLIDS CONTROL
This section provides information relating to solids removal equipment aiding to the
selection of choice and size of equipment required.
% Solids
100
CENTRIFUGE
80 CYCLONES
SHALE
SHAKERS
60
40
20
0%
0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275
Solids Size (Micron)
Figure 5.A - Statistical Distribution Of Solids
SOLIDS-REMOVAL EQUIPMENT
FROM WELL
SCALPING
SHALE
SHAKERS
HIGH PERFORMANCE
SHALE SHAKERS
(PREMIUM)
MAIN ALTERNATIVE
WATER-BASE FLUIDS
OIL-BASEFLUIDS
WATER-BASE MUD
INHIBITIVE SALTS
OIL-BASE FLUIDS
POLYMER FLUIDS
LOW GRAVITY
POLYMER-BASE
SOLIDS-REMOVAL
HIGH DENSITY
LOW DENSITY
(<1.3 s.g.)
HIGH DENSITY
FLUIDS WITH
(> 1,3 )
RECOMMENDED EQUIPMENT
PER FLUID TYPE
*
()
SCALPING SHALE SHEKERS
NOT OBLIGATORY
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 86 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
BACKFLOW PLATE
Figure 5.B - No Backflow Plated Shale Figure 5.C - Backflow Plated Shale Shaker
Shaker
Description:
Description:
Two-layer screen shale shaker with an
Two-layer screen shale shaker with a course inclined plate located between them which
upper screen and a fine lower screen. allows fluid to flow back to the beginning of
the fine lower screen.
Advantages:
Simple and economical to use and maintain Advantages:
coarse screen removes most of the cuttings, Same as the no-backflow plated shale shaker
thus limiting the wearing out of the fine with better use of the lower finer screen.
screens. Cuttings removed by the fine lower screen
are drier than those of the no-backflow plated
Limitations: shale shaker system. Fairly good
performance with reduced sizes
Fluid losses from the lower screen. Wet
cuttings due to the short stay on screens.
Limitations:
Recommended for: Replacement of the lower screens may be
difficult. Cuttings are not as dry of a single
• Marginal well plants, with low cost water deck shale shaker integrated with a scalping
base fluids and lower costs of waste shale shaker.
discharge.
• Same as scalping shale shaker used in
Recommended for:
single deck, high performance
configurations. • As a primary shale shaker, especially
for water based fluids and non-
cascading plants (scalping, single deck,
premium shale shaker).
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 87 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
5.5.1 Nomenclature
Derrick Nomenclature
Description Panel SWG 3 layered, derrick standard screens, non-repairable.
PWP 3 layered screens mounted on a rigid support, repairable with
fitted plugs or silicon. The support takes up 35% of the flow area.
GBG 3 layered screens bonded to a non-rigid support, temporarily
repairable. The support takes up 10% of the flow area.
Pyramid Corrugated screens on a rigid support gives approx. a 50%
increase in flow area.
Screen DC Coarse mesh screens.
DF Fine mesh screens.
DX Extra fine mesh screens
HP High performance screens.
SCGR Rectangular mesh screens
Example: GBG HP 200 - Multiple, high performance screen mounted on a non-rigid support. 200
indicates that the equivalent mesh size does not correspond exactly to mesh number.
Derrick Nomenclature
Description BLS 3 layered screens with plastic strips between the coarse screen and the others.
BXL 3 layered screens mounted on a plastic grid.
S Square meshed screens.
B Rectangular meshed screens.
Example: The letter designation is followed by a number which, as in ‘BLS’, ‘BXL’ and ‘S’ screens,
indicates the mesh number. For ‘B’ designation, it is the sum of the mesh in both directions.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 89 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
PV 6 cps, YP 1 gr/100cm2
EFFICIENCY GRADE (%)
100
PV 25 cps, YP 5 gr/100cm2
80
60
40
20
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
SOLIDS SIZE (MICRON)
Figure 5.F - Typical Viscosity/Cyclone Performance (4”)
SPRAY DROP NO
DISCHARGE DISCHARGE DISCHARGE
'B' 'B'
'A'
SPRAY
DISCHARGE
'C'
AIR CONE
PROPER FUNCTIONING WASHING AWAY FLOOD DRY DISCHARGE
-CONE HOLED IN "A" - CONE OR COLLECTOR - HIGH SOLIDS PERCENTAGE
- PARTIALLY PLUGGED CONE IN "B" PLUGGED IN "B". - CLOSED DISCHARGE.
- TOO HIGH IN "C".
DECANTATION DEHYDRATION
OF SOLIDS OF SOLIDS
(POND) (BEACH)
The liquids decanting effect and solids dehydration depends on the following:
• ‘g’ centrifugal force.
• Settling time of the solids on the drum.
FLUID TO BE
PROCESSED
PROCESSED FLUID
PROCESSED FLUID
6. TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
SEEPAGE
LOSS ALMOST TOTAL TOTAL HYDRAULICALLY-INDUCED
less than 50% more than 50% FRACTURES
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division
ARPO
DOBC
DOBC
AERETED FLUIDS
REVISION
93 OF 155
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 94 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
RESULTS
GOOD
IF USED
CEMENT WITH...
GOOD NO GOOD NONE
"PLASTIC" PLUGS
PERLITE
GRANULAR
(COTTON) FLAKE
FIBROUS
CELLOPHANE
MICA
60 60
50 50
40 40
Kg/m3 OF LCM
30 30
20 20
10 10
0 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
FRACTURE WIDTH (mm)
STUCK PIPE
PARAMETERS
FREE
DRILLSTRING
DOWN IN HOLE
OUT OF HOLE
CIRCOLATION
TYPE
OPERATIONAL REMARKS
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS:
- MINIMIZE THE FLUID WEIGHT AT THE LOWEST
DISPLACEMENT PROCEDURE: VALUE ALLOWED;
- REDUCED SURFACE CONTACT BETWEEN
- DISPLACE 1ST SEPARATING PILL + 1.3 Vi;
DRILLPIPE AND FORMATION (SPIRAL DC, HIGHLY
STABILIZED DRILL STRING ASSEMBLY, etc.);
- ALLOW 40-60 MINUTES SET TIME;
- MAINTAIN THE CAKE THICKNESS BY ADEQUATE
FILTRATE AND SOLIDS PERCENTAGE.
- DISPLACE 1/2 Vi.
STUCK PIPE
PARAMETERS
FREE DRILL
STRING
DOWN IN HOLE
OUT OF HOLE
CIRCOLATION
TYPE
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
- REDUCE FILTRATE;
- ADD ASPHALT COATERS;
- REDUCE TURBOLENT FLOW AGAINST WALLS;
- EMPLOY FORMATION INHIBITION FLUIDS;
- INCREASE INITIAL GELS WHILE DECREASING
FINAL ONES;
- SLOWLY INCREASE DENSITY. IF INSTABILITY IS
NOT DUE TO OVERPRESSURE, THE BENEFICIAL
EFFECT WILL BE TEMPORARY.
- EVALUATE SOLIDS-REMOVAL
GRADE IN ORDER TO DEFINE THE
CORRECT VALUES OF READING.
THEREFORE, ANALIZE SOLIDS
RECOVERY ON THE SURFACE
DEPENDENTKY ON HOLE
VOLUME, BY CONSIDERING THE
DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED
WHILE TRIPPING AS THE INDEX
OF CUTTING QUANTITY INTO THE
BOREHOLE.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 104 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
STUCK PIPE
PARAMETERS
FREE DRILL
STRING
DOWN IN HOLE
OUT OF HOLE
CIRCOLATION
TYPE
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
- RE-RUN WITH KEY SEAT WIPER OR
UNDERGAUGE STABILIZER ON THE TOP DC.
DOG TREATMENT
LEGGING YES YES NO NO - SUDDEN VARIATIONS OF
- AS PER KEY SEATING
INCLINATION;
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS:
- TRIPPING DOWN IN HOLE WITH A - SLOWLY RUN IN HOLE AVOIDING WEIGHT LOSS
MORE RIGID DRILL STRING. OF DRILL STRING. RE-RUN IF NEEDED;
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
- CONTROL CAKE THICKNESS AND
QUALITY.
PREVENTIVE ACTIONS
- MAINTAIN AN ADEQUATE FLUID WEIGHT.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 105 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
Comparison of similar products and functional performances are compared in this section.
This comparison evaluates the various products with the differing concentrations required
against their relevant costs. Technical and/or economical analyses of all differing products
should be carried out with the concentrations required in similar operational conditions
and results.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 106 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
8.1.2 Viscosifiers
0201 Bentonite AVAGEL Aquagel Bentonite M-I Gel Mil-Gel
0203 Attapulgite Dolsal B Zeogel Salt Gel Salt Gel Salt Water Gel
0204 Sepiolite Dolsal Geltemp Durogel
0413 HEC Natrasol 250 Baravis Idhec HEC WO 21
0415 Biopolymers Visco XC 84 Barazan Idvis XC-Polymer XC Polymer
Biopolymers Flo-Vis
PUR
0420 Bentonite AVABEX X-Tend II DV 68 Gelex Benex
Extender
0423 PHPA HM Polivis EZ-Mud Id-Bond Poly-Plus New Drill
Weight
8.1.3 Thinners
0501 Fe-Cr AVAFLUID Q-Broxin FCL Spersene Uni-Cal
Lignosulfonate G71
0502 Modified
Lignite
0503 Cr-Free Lignite AVAFLUID-NP Q-B II Chrome-Free Spersene CF Uni-Cal CF
LS
0506 Caustic Lignite CC 16 Caustilig Ligcon
0507 Lignite AVATHIN Carbonox Tannathin Ligco
0508 Potassium AVAK-LIG K-Lig K-17
Lignite
0509 Cr Lignite AVALIG Chrome Lignite XP-20
0510 Phosphates AVASAPP Barafos STP Phos/SAPP STP
0511 Tannins AVARED Quebracho Quebracho
0512 Cr Tannins Desco Desco Desco Desco Desco
Cr-Free Desco-CF Desco CF Desco CF
Tannins
0424 PHPA LMW Polifluid Thermathin ID Thin 500 Tackle New-Thin
0513 HT AVAZER-5000 Mil-Temp
Deflocculants
Ca Modified LS Lignox Rheomate Aquathinz
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 107 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
8.1.5 Lubricants
0301 Envir. Friendly Ecolube Tork Trim II Idlube Lube 167 Mil-Lube
Lubricant.
Stick Less Lube 100
0303 EP Lubricants AVALUB EP EP Mudlube Easy Drill EP Lube Lubrifilm
0302 Various AVA Green- Lubrabeads Graphite Walnut Shells
Lubricants Lube
8.1.6 Detergents/Emulsifiers/Surfactants
0307 Detergents AVADETER Condet Drilling Deter. DD MD
0308 Non-ionic TCS 30 Aktaflo E IDMULL 80 DME DME
Emulsifiers
0309 non-ionic AVAENION Aktaflo S Hymul DMS DMS
Surfactant.
Anionic Trimulso Salinex Atlosol
Surfactant
Clay Seal
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 108 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
8.1.9 Defoamers/Foamers
0909 Stereate Al Stearal
0912 Silicon AVASIL SDI IDF Antifoam Defoam X LD 8
Defoamers S
0911 Alcohol AVADEFOAM Baradefoam IDF Defoamer Magconol WO Defoam
Defoamers W300
0913 Foamers AVAFOAM Quik-Foam HI Foam 440 Ampli foam
8.1.11 Bactericides
0914 Paraformaldeide Paraform- Paraform- Paraform- Paraform- Paraform-
aldeide aldeide aldeide aldeide aldeide
0915 Liquid AVACID F25 Aldacide G IDCIDE Bacbane III Mil-Bio
Bactericide
This document is an extract from a more comprehensive guide published by World Oil
relating to some of Eni-Agip's most important contractors, namely AVA, Baroid, Baker
Hughes Inteq, MI, Schlumberger, Dowell and IDF.
The product functions and systems, for which these products are employed, contained in
this section, are provided by the contractors named above.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 114 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
9.1APPLICATIONS GUIDE
APPLICATION GUIDE TO DRILLING FLUID PRODUCTS
PRODUCTS FLUID SYSTEMS FUNCTIONS
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
AIR-AERATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
POLYMERS
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
ACTIGUM X X X X X X X SH SH
AKTAFLO-S X X X X X SU
ALDACIDE-C B
ALL-TEMP X X X TH FL
ALLUMINIUM STERATE X X X X X X X X D D D
AMITEC X X X X LU LU LU
AMPLI-FOAM X X X FO FO FO
ANTIFOAM-S X X X X X X X D
AP-21 X X X FI
AQUA-MAGIC X X X X LU LU LU
AQUA-SEAL X X X X X SH FI FI
ASPHALT X X X X X X X SH LU FI
ATTAPULGITE X X X X X X V SH
AVAGUM X X X X X X X V SH SU
AVALIG X X X X X TE TH FI
AVA PVA X X X X SH SH
AVAREX X X X X X X FI TE SH
AVASIL X X X X X X X D
AVATENSIO X X X X X X P
AVOIL-FC X FI
AVOIL-PE X E FI SU
AVOIL-SE X E FI SU
AVOIL-TN X TH FI TE
AVOIL-VS X V
AVOIL-WA X SU E
BACBAN III X X X X X X X X B CO
BARA-B466 X X X X X X X B
BARABLOK X X X X X X SH LU FI
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 115 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIRATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
SALT SATUR.
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
BARACAT X X X X X SH
BARACOR-95 X X X X X X CO
BARACOR-100 X X X X X X X CO TE
BARACOR 113 X X X X X X X X CO
BARACOR 129 X X X X X X X CO
BARACOR 450 X X CO TE
BARACOR 700 X CO
BARACOR 1635 X X X X X CO
BARACTIVE X PA
BARA-DEFOAM-C X X X X X X X D
BARADEFOAM W-300 X X X X X X X D
BARAFILM X X X X X X X X CO
BARAFLOC X X FL
BARAFOAM X FO
BARAFOAM-K X X FO
BARAFOS X X X TH CA A
BARA-KLEAN SU
BARANEX X X X X X X FI TE
BARAPLUG X, XC X X X LO
BARARESIN GRANULE X X LO
BARARESIN-VIS X V
BARASCAV-D X X X X X X X CO
BARASCAV-L X X X X X X X CO
BARASCRUB SU
BARAVIS X X X X X V
BARAWEIGHT X W
BARAZAN X X X X X X X V
BARAZAN L X X X X X X X V
BARITE X X X X X X X X W
BARODENSE X X X X X X W
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 116 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIRATED
SALT SATUR.
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
BARO-DRILL 1402 X X X X X X SH LU
BAROFIBRE X X X X X X X X LO
BAROID X X X X X X X X W
BARO-LUBE X X X X X X LU
BARO-SEAL X X X X X X X LO
BARO-SPOT X X X X X X P
BAROTHIN X X X TH SH FI
BARO-TROL X X X X X X SH LU E
BENTONITE X X X X X V SH
BIO-LOSE X X X X X X FI
BIO-PAQ X X X X FI FI FI
BIO-SPOT X X X X X X X P
BIO-SPOT II X X X X X X X P
BLACK SPOT MAGIC P
BLACK SPOT MAGIC CLEAN X X X X X X X X P
BLACK MAGIC LT X X X X X X X X P
BLACK MAGIC SFT X X X X X X X X P
BRINE-PAC X CO
BROMIMUL X X E
BROMI-VIS X X V
BRINE-PAC X CO
BROMIMUL X X E
BROMI-VIS X X V
BX-L X X X X X X SH FI FI
CANE FIBER X X X X X X LO
CARBO CORE X X E
CARBO-GEL X V FI
CARBO-GEL 2 X V
CARBO-GEL N X V
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 117 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIRATED
SALT SATUR.
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
CARBO-MIX X E
CARBO-MUL X E SU
CARBO-MUL A X E
CARBO-MUL HT X E SU TE
CARBONOX X X X X TH FI E
CARBOSAN-EF X X X X X X X X B
CARBO-TEC X E FI TE
CARBO-TEC HW X E
CARBOTHIX X V FI
CARBO-TROL X FI
CARBO-TROL A-9 X FI
CARBO-TROL A9 HT X FI
CARBOVIS X V
CARBO-SEAL X LO LO LO
CAT-300 X X X X X FI
CAT-GEL X X X X X FI
CAT-HI X X X X X X X FI V
CAT-LO X X X X X X FI
CAT-THIN X X X X X TH TE
CAUSTILIG X X X X TH FI TE
CC-16 X X X X X TH FI TE
CELLEX X X X X FI V
CELLOPHANE FLAKES X X X X X X LO
CHEK-LOSS X X X X X X X X LO
CHEMTROL X X X X X X X FL TE TH
CHROMEX X X X X X TE TH FI
CHROME FREE II X X X TH FI
CLAY-SEAL X X X X X X SH
CMO-568 X LU
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 118 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
POLYMER-BASE
SALT SAURATED
AIR AIRATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
NON
CON-DET X SU E
CONQOR 101 X CO
CONQOR 202 X X X X X X X X CO
CONQOR 303 X X X X X X X CO
CONQOR 404 X X X X X X X X CO
CONQOR 505 X X X X X X X X CO
DCP-208 X X X X X X SH LU FI
D-D X X X X X X X X SU E LU
DE-BLOCK/S X X X X X X E LU P
DEFOAMER X X X X X X X X D
DEFOAM-X X X X X X X X X D
DENSIMIX X X X X X X X X W
DEXTRID X X X X X X FI V
DIASEAL M/DIEARTH LO
DIATOMITE X X X X X X X LO
DI-PLUG X X X X X X X LO
DOLSAL X X X X X X X V
DOLSAL B X X X X X X X V
DRILFOAM X FO LU
DRILLING PAPER X X X X X X LO
DRILTREAT X E FI
DRYOCIDE X X X X X X X X B
DURATONE HT X FI
DUROGEL X X X X X X X V TE FI
ECOL LUBE X X X X X X X LU FI SU
ENION X X X X X X E SU
ENVIRO SPOT X X X X X X X P LU
FI
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 119 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON-DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIRATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
DRYOCIDE X X X X X X X X B
DURATONE HT X FI
DUROGEL X X X X X X X V TE FI
EASY DRILL X X X X X X X LU SU SH
ECOL LUBE X X X X X X X LU FI SU
ENION X X X X X X E SU
ENVIRO SPOT X X X X X X X P LU
ENVIRO THIN X X X X TH FI
ENVIRO TORQ X X X X X X LU
E.P. LUBE X X X X X X LU
E.P. MUDLUBE X X X X X X LU
EZ-CORE X E
EZ-MUD X X X X X X V SH FI
EZ MUD DP X X X X X SH V FI
EZ MUL-NT X E SU
EZ MUL-NTE X E
FER-OX X X X X X X X X W
FERROCHROME X X X X X X TH FI E
FIBERTEX X X X X X X LO
FILTER-CHECK X X X X X X FI V
FILTREX X X X X X FI TH
FLAKE X X X X X X LO
FLO-TROL X X X X X X V
FLO-VIS X X X X X X V
FLOXIT X X X FL SH
FOAM-BLASTER X X X X X X X D SU
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 120 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON- DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIRATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
GELEX X X X V FL
GELITE X X X X X X X V FI TE
GEL SUPREME X X X X X X X X V FI
GEL TEMP X X X X X X V SH
GELTONE X V FI
GELTONE II X V
GELTONE III X V
GEM-GP X X X X X SH LU
GEM-GP X X X X X SH LU FI
GL 1 DRILL LC X X X X X X SH LU FI
GRANULAR X X X X X X X X LO
HF 100-N X X X X X X SH LU FI
HOLECOAT X X X X X X X SH FI LU
H.T.P. X FI V
IDBOND X X X SH
IDBOND P X X X SH
IDBRIDGE CUSTOM X X X X X X X FI LO
IDBRIDGE L X X X X X X X FI LO
IDBRINE P X X X X CO A
IDCAP SH FI
IDCARB 75 X X X X X X X X W FI
IDCARB 150 X X X X X X X X FI LO W
IDCARB CUSTOM X X X X X X X X FI LO W
IDCIDE L X X X X X X X B
IDCIDE P X X X X X X X B
IDFAC SU
IDF ANTIFOAM S X X X X X X X D
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 121 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIRATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
IDF DEFOAMER X X X X X X X D
IDF DI-PLUG X X X X X X X LO
IDF FLR X X X X X X X V FI
IDF FLR XL X X X X X X X FI
IDF GEL TEMP X X X V
IDFILM 520X X CO
IDFILM 620 CO
IDFILM 820X X X X X X X X CO B
IDF INSTAVIS X X X V FI
IDF KWICKCLEAN X SU
IDFLO X X X X X X X FI
IDFLOC X FL
IDFLOC C X FL
IDFLO HTR X X X X X X X FI
IDFLO LT X X X X X X FI
IDF MUD FIBER X X X X X X X LO
IDF POLYLIG X X X X X X X LO
IDF-POLYTEMP X X X X X FI TH
IDF PTS-100 X X X X X TE A
IDF PTS-200 X X X X X TE A
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 122 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON-DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIRATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
IDF PTS-300 X X X X X TE A
IDFREE X X X X X X X X P SU
IDFREE (UW) X X X X X X X P
IDF RHEOPOL X X X X X X FI V
IDF SAFEDRIL CONC. X X X SH LU FI
IDF SAFELUBE X X X X X X LU D
IDF SEAL X X X LO
IDF SM X X X X V
IDF TRUDRILL S X FI
IDF TRUMUL X E
IDF TRUPLEX X V
IDF TRUVIS HT X V
IDF TRUVIS X V
IDF ULTRADRIL OIL X
IDF VISPLEX X X V
IDHEC X X X X X X X V FI
IDHEC L X X X X X X X V
IDLUBE X X X X X X X LU
IDMUL 80 X X X X X X E
IDPAC X X X X X X FI V
IDPAC XL X X X X X X FI
IDPLEX 100 X X SU
IDPLEX K X X SU
IDSCAV 110 X X X X X X X CO
IDSCAV 210 X X X X X X X CO
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 123 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
NON-DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIRATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
SATURATED
DISPERSED
LIME-BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
SALT
IDSCAV 310 X X X X X CO
IDSCAV 510 X CO
IDSCAV ES X
IDSPERSE XT X X X X X X TH FL
IDSURF X X X X X X X SU
IDTEX X X X X X X SH FI
IDTEX W X X X X SH FI
IDTHIN X X X TH FI
IDTHIN 500 X X X X X TH FI
IDVIS X X X X X X X V FI
IDVIS L X X X X X X X V
IDWATE X X X X X X X W FI
IDZAC X X X X X X X X CO
IDZAC L X X X X X CO
IMPERMEX X X X X X X FI
INTAMIX X X X X X X X LO
INTASOL X X X X X X X X LO
INTERDRILL DEFLOC X TH
INTERDRILL EMUL X E
INTERDRILL EMUL HT X E FL TE
INTERDRILL ESX X E TE FI
INTERDRILL FL X FI E
INTERDRILL LO FL X FI E
INTERDRILL LOMULL X E V
INTERDRILL LO RM X V
INTERDRILL NA X FI
INTERDRILL NA HT X FI
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 124 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIREATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME BASE
OIL BASE
PRIMARY
INTERDRILL OW X SU TH
INTERDRILL RM X V
INTERDRILL S X FI
INTERDRILL VISTONE X V
INTERDRILL VIST. HT X V
INTERSOLV H X CA
INTERSOLV XFE X *
INVERMUL-NTL X E SH FI
JELFLAKE X X X X X X LO
K-17 X X X X X X TH FI SH
K-52 X X X X X X X X SH
KLA-CURE X X X X SH
KLA-GARD X X X X SH
KLEEN-UP X SU
K-LIG X X X X TH FI E
KWUIKSEAL X X X LO
KWUICK-THK X X X X X V FI FL
LD-8 X X X X X X X X D
LIGCO X X X X X FI TH
LIGCON X X X X FI TH
LIGNO-THIN X X X X X TH FI
LIGNOX X X TH SH
LINTAX X X X X X X X LO
LIQUI-VIS NT X X X V
LO-WATE X X X X X X X X W FI LO
LUBE-106 X X X X X X LU
LUBE-100 X X X X X X X LU SU SH
* barite solvent.
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 125 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AIREATED
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LOW SOLIDS
LIME-BASE
OIL BASE
PRIMARY
LUBE-153 X X X X X X LU
LUBE 167 X X X X X X X X LU SU SH
LUBRA BEADS X X X X X X X LU
LUBRI-FILM X X X X X X X LU
LVO-69 X V
MAGNA-FLUSH
*
MAGNE-SET X X X X X X LO
MCAT X X X X X X SH V FI
MCAT-A X X X X X X SH
MD TM X X X X X X X X DT DT DT
MELANEX T X X X X X TE TH FI
M-I BAR X X X X X X X X W
MICA X X X X X X X LO
MICATEX X X X X X X X LO
M-I CEDAR FIBER X X X X X X LO
M-I GEL X X X X X X X X V FI
MIL-BAR X X X X X X X X W
MIL-BEN X X X X X V FI
MIL-CEDAR FIBER X X X X X X LO
MIL-CLEAN SU
MIL-FIBER X X X X X X X LO
MIL-FLAKE X X X X X X LO
MIL-FREE X X X X X X X P
MIL-GARD X X X X X X X X CO
MIL-GARD L X X X X X X X CO
MIL-GARD R X X X X X X CO
MIL-GEL X X X X X X V FI
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 126 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER-BASE
AIR AEREATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME BASE
OIL BASE
PRIMARY
MIL-GEL NT X X X X X X V FI
MIL-KEM X TH FI
MIL-LUBE X X X X X LU
MIL-PAC X X X X X X FI V
MIL-PAC LV X X X X X X FI
MIL-PAC T X X X X X X FI V
MILPARK CSI X X X X X X CO
MILPARK MD X X X X X X X SU E
MILPARK SSI X X X X X X CO
MIL-PLUG X X X X X X X LO
MIL-POLIMER 354 X X X V
MIL-REZ X X X X X FI
MIL-SEAL X X X X X X LO
MIL-SPOT 2 X X X X X X X P
MIL-STARCH X X X X X X FI V
MIL-TEMP X X X X X TE FI TH
MIL-THIN X X X X TH
M-I LUBE X X X X X X LU
M-I LUBE ENV X X X X X X LU
M-I QUEBRACHO X X X X X X TH FI E
M-I X II X X X X X X X X LO FI
MY-LO-JEL X X X X X X X FI
N-DRILL FI
N-DRILL-O FI
N-DRILL-HI FI
N-DRILL-HT FI
NEW-DRILL X X X X X X SH
NEW DRILL HP X X X X X X SH
NEW-DRILL PLUS X X X X X SH
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 127 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER BASE
AIR-AEREATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME BASE
OIL BASE
PRIMARY
NEW-THIN X X X X X TH
NEW-TROL X X X X FI
NEW-VIS X X X X X X V
NF-2 I I I
NO-SULF X X X X X X CO
NOVAMOD X V
NOVAMUL X E SU FI
NOVASOL X TH
NOVATEC-P X E SU
NOVATEC-S X SU E
NOVAWET X SU E TH
NOXYGEN X X X X X X X CO
N-PLZ-X LO
N-SQUEEZE LO
N-VIS-O FI
N-VIS-HI V
N-VIS-P V
OIL FAZE BASE X E FI V
OIL FOS X X X X TH FI FI
OMC X TH
OMC-42 X TH
OMNI COTE X X TH TH
OMNI MIX X X E E E
OMNI MUL X X E E E
OMNI PLEX X X V V V
OMNI TEC X X E E E
OMNI COTE X X FI FI
OXIGEN SCAVENGER X X X X X X X CO
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 128 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER BASE
AIR-AEREATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME BASE
OIL BASE
PRIMARY
PAC-L X X X X X X X X FI SH E
PAC-R X X X X X X X X FI SH V
PARA-TEQ X LU LU LU
PENETREX X X X X X LU LU LU
PERFLOW DIF X FI FI FI
PERFLOW 100 X FI FI FI
PERMA-LOSE HT X X X X X X FI V
PETROFREE
PHOS X X X X X X X CA
PIPE LAX X X X X X X X X P
PIPE LAX ENV X X X X X X X X P LU
POLYLIG X X X X X X TH FI E
PYROTROL X X X X FI TH TH
Q-BROXIN X X X TH FI
RESINEX X X X X X FI
RHEOPOL X X X X X FI V
RHEOSTAR X X X X X TE TH
RHEOMATE X X X X X TE TH
RM-63 X RM
RV-310 X FL
SAFE-BLOCK X X FI LO
SAFE-KLEEN X SU
SAFE-LINK X X V FI
SAFE-TROL X FI
SALINEX X X X E FI LU
SALT GEL X X X X X X X V FI
SAPP X X TH TH
SCALE-BAN X X X X X X X CO
SDI X X X X X X X D SU
SHALE-BOND X X X X X X SH LU
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 129 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER BASE
AIR-AIREATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
SHALE-CHEK X X X X X X SH FI TH
SI-1000 X X X X X X X CO SH
6-UP X V
SM-(X) X X X X X X X V SH
SOLUFLAKE X X X X X X X X LO LO LO
SP-101 X X X X X X X FI SH TE
SPERSENE X X X X X X TH FI E
SPERSENE CF X X X X X X TH FI E
STAPLEX X X X X X SH LU E
STABIL HOLE X X X X X X X SH LU FI
STABILITE X X TH SU
STABILUBE X X X X X LU SH FI
STEARALL X X X X X X D
STEARALL LQD X X X X X X X D
STICK-LESS X X X X X X X X LU
SULF-X X X X X X X X X CO
SUPER COL X X X V
SURF COTE X SU
SUSPENTONE X V
TACKLE X X X X X TH
TANNATHIN X X X X X X TH FI E
TCS/30 X X X X X X SU FI LU
THERMA-BUFF X X X X X X TE
THERMA -CHEK X X X X X X FI
THERMA-CHEK LV X X X X X X FI
THERMA-THIN X X X X X X TH
THERMA-THIN DP X X X X X X TH
THERMA-VIS X X X X X V FI
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 130 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER BASE
AIR-AIREATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
THERMPAC UL X X X X X X FI
TORQ-TRIM 22 X X LU
TORQ-TRIM II X X X LU
TRIMULSO X X X X X X P TE LU
ULTIMUL X E SU
UNI-CAL X X X TH FI
UNI-CAL CF X X X TH FI
VEN-FYBER X LO
VERSACOAT X E SU TE
VERSADUAL X SU E TH
VERSAGEL-HT X V TE
VERSAGARD X SU E TH
VERSA-HRP X V
VERSALIG X FI
VERSAMOD X V
VERSAMUL X E FI V
VERSAPRO X E SU TE
VERSA-SWA X SU E
VERSATHIN X TH
VERSATRIM X SU E
VERSATROLL X FI
VERSATROLL NS X FI
VERSAWET X SU E
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 131 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
SALT SATURATED
NON DISPERSED
POLYMER BASE
AIR AIRATED
LOW SOLIDS
SECONDARY
SECONDARY
WORKOVER
DISPERSED
LIME BASE
OIL-BASE
PRIMARY
VG-69 X V
VICTOGEL AF X X X X X X FI
VICTOSAL X X X X X X X FI V
VISCO 83 X X X X X SH V FI
VISCO SL X X X X X X X FL SH
VISCO XC/84 X X X X X X X SH V FI
VISPLEX X V SH
VISGEL X X X X X V FL
WALLNUT SHELLS X X X X X X X X LO
W.O. 21 X X X X X V
W.O. 21L X X X V
W.O. 30 X X X X X X X W
W.O. DEFOAM X X X X X X X D
WONDERSEAL X X X X X X SH LU FI
XCD POLYMER X X X X X X V
X-CIDE 207 X X X X X X X X B
XP 20 X X X X X TE TH FI
X-TEND II X X X FL V
X-VIS X V FI
ZEOGEL X X X V
Legend
A = Alkaline Agent LU = Lubricant
B = Bactericide P = Pipe Freeing Agent
CA = Ca Precipitant PA = Polar Activator
CO = Corrosion Inhibitor SH = Shale Inhibitor
D = Defoamer SU = Surfactant
E = Emusifier TE = HT Stabilising Agent
FI = Filtrate Reducer TH = Thinner
FL = Flocculant V = Viscofier
FO = Foamer W = Weighting Agent
LO = Loss Control Agent
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 132 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
The contents of this section comply with specification API RP 13B-1 dated June 1st,
1990.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 133 OF 155
ENI S.p.A.
Agip Division REVISION
STAP -P-1-M-6160 0
10.2.2 pH Measurment
Equipment Required:
•
(8)
pH paper test strips which permit estimation of pH to 0.5/0.2 units
•
(9)
Glass-electrode pH meter
• Buffet solutions according to the indications supplied with the instruments .
Procedure:
• Using paper test strips:
1) Place a 2cm strip on the indicator paper on the surface of fluid.
2) Allow it to remain until the fluid has wetted the surface of the paper (+/-30").
3) Compare the colour standards provided on the side of the strip with the test
strip.
• Glass-electrode pH meter.
1) Make the necessary adjustment to standardise the meter with the solutions
(10)
according to the directions supplied with the instrument .
2) Insert the electrode into the fluid contained in a beaker.
3) Stir the fluid around the electrode by rotating the beaker.
4) After the meter reading becomes constant, record the pH .
Results:
• As for pH determination with paper test strips, record the fluid pH to the nearest
0.2/0.5 units.
• As for pH determination with glass-electrode pH-meter, record pH to the nearest 0.1
unit.
(8)
The paper strip method may not be reliable if salt concentration of the sample is high.
(9)
The electrometric method is subject to error in solutions containing high concentrations of
sodium ions, unless a special glass electrode is used. Suitable correction factors must be
applied.
(10)
For accurate pH readings, the test fluid, buffet solutions and reference electrode must all be
at the same temperature.
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• Mf
1) To the sample which has been titrate to the Pf end point, add 2-3 drops of
methyl orange (or bromocresol blue).
2) Titrate with N/50 sulphuric acid until colour changes (pH 4.3) from yellow to
pink with methyl orange or from violet to yellow with bromocresol blue.
3) Report as Mf the total of cc N/50 sulphuric acid required to reach
phenolphthalein (Pf) end point, and methyl orange (Mf) end point.
• Pm
1) Place a syringe of 1cc of fluid into the vessel.
2) Dilute the sample with 25-50cc of distilled water.
3) Add 4-5 drops of phenolphthalein.
4) If sample turns red, titrate by adding N/50 sulphuric acid until the colour
disappears (Ph 8.3).
5) Report as Pf the number of cc N/50 sulphuric acid required .
Interpretation:
•
(19)
Alkalinity mg/l of OH CO3 HCO3
Pf = 0 0 0 1220 Mf
2Pf < Mf 0 1220Pf 1220 (Mf-2Pf)
2Pf = Mf 0 1200Pf 0
2Pf > Mf 340 (2Pf - Mf) 1200 (Mf-Pf) 0
Pf = Mf 340Mf 0 0
•
3 (20)
Excess lime: kg/m = 0.742 x (Pm - Fw x PF)
lbs/bbl = 0.26 X (Pm - Fw x PF)
(18)
It is required for deeply coloured filtrates and the colour will change from violet to yellow.
(19)
Quantity can be measured with Garret Gas train.
(20)
Fw represents the liquid fraction measured with a retort.
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•
(21)
Excess gypsum (lbs/bbl) = 2.38 x (Vt) - 0.48 x (Vf x Fw)
(kg/m3) = 6.78 x (Vt) - 1.37 x (Vf x Fw)
(21)
Fw represents the liquid fraction measured with a retort.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 146 OF 155
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Send the test pieces to and the report data to: Eni-Agip/Corm
RESULT
• Speed corrosion
lbs/ft3/year mm/year Interpretation
<1 <0.6 Low
1-2 0.6 - 1.2 Moderate
2-5 1.2 - 3.1 High
>5 > 3.1 Severe
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 148 OF 155
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Excess Lime:
lbs/bbl = 1.3 Pom.
3
kg/m = 3.7 Pom.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 150 OF 155
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• The first grouping represents the base fluid, such as fresh water, sea water,
diesel, etc. The base fluid must be included in the full code.
• The second grouping represents the base fluid system, such as
lignosulfonate, gels, polymers, invert emulsion, etc. The base system again
must be included.
• The third grouping describes the base system more precisely by providing
further information: i.e. the water/oil ratio in an invert emulsion, the type of salt
in a brine and underlining the specific treatment, such as addition of polymers,
soltex, lignosulfonates. The third group is included only if relevant information
is applicable.
If there is one or more special treatments, only the most significant of these will be
included. For example, DS-IE 80 signifies a diesel base, invert emulsion drilling fluid, with
a WO ratio of 80/20. If this drilling fluid is relaxed, the code would be DS-IE RF, as
'Relaxed Fluid' is to be considered a more significant characteristic than the W/O ratio.
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SW GE
2) During drilling, if the fluid is treated with light additions of lignosulfonate, its code will
be:
SW GE LS
3) Again during drilling, the addition of lignosulfonate will characterise the fluid further
and the code will be:
SW LS
SW GE LU
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APPENDIX B - ABBREVIATIONS
B.1. FLUID CODE ABBREVIATIONS
1 2 3
Base Fluid Base System Specific Treatment
AR - Air AR - Air (- -) - Non Specific
FW - Fresh Water AT - Aerated CA - Calcium Carbonate
SW - Sea Water BR - Brine CB - Calcium Bromide
BW - Brine Water CL - Chromelignin CC - Calcium Chloride
DS - Diesel CT - Cationic Polymers CL - Chromelignin
LT - Low Toxicity Oil DE - Modified Tannins (Desco) KA - Potassium Acetate
EB - Ester DF - Drilling Fluid KB - Potassium Base (KOH)
OF - Poltolefine GE - Bentonite-Base KC - Potassium Chloride
UT - Olio Ultra LT GG - Guar Gum KF - Potassium Formiate
GL - Glycol-Base GL - Glycol-Base
GY - Gypsum-Base LI - Lime
HT - High Temperature LS - Lignosulfonate
IE - Invert Emulsion LU - Lubricants
K2 - Potassium Carbonate NC - Sodium Chloride
KA - Potassium Acetate NB - Sodium Bromide
KC - Potassium Chloride PA - Polyanionic Pol.(PAC)
KF - Potassium Formiate PN - Na Polyacrylates
LI - Lime-Base PC - PHPA
LS - Lignosulfonate-Base PK - Agipak (K-CMC/PAC)
LW - Low-Solids PO - Generic Polymers (CMC)
MM - Mud-Misting RF - Relaxed Filtrate
MR - Morex-Base RM - Rheology Modifiers
OB - Oil Base RX - Ht Pol. Mixtures
PA - Polyanionic Pol.(PAC) SX - Soltex
PC - PHPA TA - Tannins
PK - Agipak (K-PAC, K-CMC) XC - XCD Polymer
PO - Generic Polymers (CMC) VB - Viscosity Base
QU - Quebracho-Base ZB - Zinc Bromide
SF - Foam-Base
SS - Salt Saturated (NaCl)
XC - XCD Polymer
NOTE: The oil/water ratio of a fluid with an oil numeric value, such as O/W =
70/30, will be expressed only by the first ratio, i.e. 70, omitting the later
30 ratio.
ARPO IDENTIFICATION CODE PAGE 155 OF 155
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