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Introduction To Networking by Nvidia

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43 views

Introduction To Networking by Nvidia

Uploaded by

maroua.sayah
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Networking

Unit 1
Outline
What is a Network?

Network Components

Networking Requirements

OSI Model

TCP/IP Protocol Suite


What is a Network?

A network is collection of nodes, connected together


so that they can exchange data such as voice, video, storage,
or management.
Compute Storage

Characteristics of a network:

 Bandwidth Fast
Interconnect
 Latency Storage
Appliance
 Availability
 Scalability
 Security

Admin User
Monitoring &
Provisioning Systems
Users
Management
Network Components

Network components include


the end nodes and intermediate
nodes.
Compute Storage
 End nodes - compute, storage, and
management nodes. These are
used as the source or destination
of the traffic carried in the
network. Fast
Interconnect
 Intermediate nodes - switches and Storage
Appliance
routers receive the traffic
generated by the end nodes and
make decisions where to forward
the traffic.

Admin User
Monitoring &
Provisioning Systems
Users
Management
Forming a Network

Build a Simple Network


 Every end node has a network interface card,
or NIC.
 The NIC is a hardware component that
resides in a slot and has one or more network
ports.
 Use a cable to connect the network interface
card (NIC) in the end point to a switch port
Protocol Suite

Communication between nodes requires interaction Protocol Suite


between several protocols, where each protocol is responsible
for a specific set of activities.
Application
Each protocol defines a common format and set of rules for
exchanging messages between devices.
 Setup and termination of data transfer sessions Transport
 Message format
 Error and system messages
Internet

A protocol suite is a group of protocols that run concurrently to


implement network communication. Network Access
OSI Model
OSI – Open Systems Interconnection
7 Application

The OSI model breaks down the different components of network 6 Presentation
communication into layers, in order to make communication
5 Session

OSI Model
easier.​
 Defines 7 layers
4 Transport
 ISO standard​
3 Network

OSI is a generic, protocol-independent standard 2 Data Link

1 Physical
Why a layered network model?
 Standardizes interfaces​
 Facilitates modular engineering​
 Ensures interoperable technology​
 Accelerates evolution
TCP/IP Model

TCP/IP model is, in a way, an implementation of TCP/IP Model OSI Model


the OSI model.
7 Application
DoD Model:
Application 6 Presentation
 In the 1970s, the U.S. Department of Defense developed
a network called ARPAnet that enabled data transport 5 Session
between computers at different locations by creating
alternate routes. Transport 4 Transport
 TCP/IP was used as the system protocol
Internet 3 Network
 TCP/IP is the protocol for the Internet
2 Data Link
Network Access
1 Physical
TCP/IP Protocol Suite

HTTP,
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) DNS,
IP (Internet Protocol) Application
FTP,

 TCP/IP suite is a set of communications protocols used on DHCP


the Internet.
Transport TCP, UDP
 It includes protocols that specify how data is packetized,
addressed, transmitted, routed, and received, thus Internet IPv4, IPv6
providing end-to-end data communication.
 Internet layer protocols - IPv4 and IPv6 (layer 3)
 Transport layer protocols - TCP and UDP (layer 4)
Network Access Ethernet

 Application layer protocols - HTTP, FTP, etc. (layer 7)


Encapsulation

Application messages created by the application layer are passed to a “production line” of the lower
layers, where each layer adds its relevant information, encapsulating the data with the layer header.
By the end of the encapsulation process, the encapsulated data is transmitted on the wire.

7 Application Data

4 Transport L4 Data

3 Network L3 L4 Data

2 Data Link
L2 L3 L4 Data
1 Physical 110100101010110110100101011111010100101100111010101101101011001010010100
PDUs – Protocol Data Units

Each layer is associated with different protocols, PDUs, addresses, and devices.

Data Application Message

Application

Port Number
TCP Data Transport Segment/Datagram
Logical Address
IP TCP Data Internet Packet

Ethernet IP TCP Data Data Link Frame Physical Address

1100101011011001010111110110010100100 Physical bits

11
Network Topology Icons

Network Cloud Storage Firewall Server

L3

Compute Switch L3 Switch Router


Outline

Summary
What is a Network?

Network Components

Networking Requirements

TCP/IP Protocol Suite


Examine Your Knowledge 1

Drag and drop the correct characteristics of each of the models.

TCP/IP Model OSI Model


DoD standard ISO standard
4-layer model 7-layer model

Provided with a suite of protocols Protocol-independent standard

Used on the Internet Describes generic network architecture


Examine Your Knowledge 2

What is data encapsulation?


A. The process of adding extra information at each layer of the OSI model while information flow
from one host to another host.
B. The process of breaking down the different functionalities of network communication into
layers, in order to make communication easier.
C. The process that specify how data is packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and received.

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