Value Engineering

TUESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2020
ABB Value Engineering Session

ABB/ECG UTW12
Dr. Wael El-Mamlouk, ECG Deputy Manager, Electrical Department
Eng. Ashraf AbouelHoda, Product Marketing Director-Smart Power
Eng. Amr Younis, ABB Technical and Design Promotion Manager
—
LV Switchboard
Short Circuit Calculations
MV & LV Transformer Substations
Theory & Short Circuit Calculations
IEC Standard for Short-circuit calculation : IEC 60909-0
– Short-circuit : “Accidental or intentional conductive path between two or more conductive parts forcing the electric potential
differences between these conductive parts to be equal or close to zero”
– Short-circuit current: “Overcurrent resulting from a short-circuit in an electric system”
October 15, 2020 Slide 3

Network Elements affecting Short Circuit
Utility/Transformers Generators Motors Cables/Busway

Protection of 400V transformers at 750MVA (Example)
Sr (KVA) Uk (%) Rated Current Ir (A) S.C. Current (KA)

500 4 722 17.7
630 4 909 22.3
800 5 1155 22.6
1000 5 1443 28.1
1250 5 1804 34.9
1600 6.25 2309 35.7
2000 6.25 2887 44.3
2500 6.25 3608 54.8
3125 6.25 4510 67.7

Calculation of Short Circuit Currents

Asynchronous motors
• In case of short-circuit it functions as a generator with a
x”d from 20% to 25%
• a current equal to 4-6 times the In can be assumed as
contribution to the short-circuit
• the minimum criteria for taking into consideration the
phenomenon
(Ik short-circuit without motor contribution)

IEC 60909-1 : Motor Contribution values

IEC 60909-1 : Motor equivalent values

—
Low voltage selectivity
Selectivity definitions & standards
Definition of selectivity
IEC 60947-1 Standard: “Low voltage equipment IEC 60947-1

Part 1: General rules for low voltage equipment” def. 2.5.23
“Trip selectivity (for overcurrent) is a coordination between the operating characteristics of two or more
overcurrent protection devices, so that, when an overcurrent within established limits occurs, the device
destined to operate within those limits trips whereas the others do not trip”

Example
If selectivity is provided
• When a fault occurs ( Overload or Short-circuit)
• The protection device closes to the fault opens.

Example
If selectivity is NOT provided
• When a fault occurs ( Overload or Short-circuit)
• Both the upstream & downstream protection

devices could open.
The whole system will be out of service

Example
If selectivity is NOT provided
• When a fault occurs (Overload or Short-circuit)
• The upstream device could open first before any

other devices open.
The whole system will be out of service

Time-Current Curves
Short-Circuit Zone
• Magnetic protection
• S, D, I & EF Protection
Current, Time, Energy, Zone, Directional & Zone

Directional Selectivity

Partial & Total selectivity

Example
Upstream circuit breaker A :

T4N 250 PR221DS In = 250 (Icu = 36kA)
Downstream circuit breaker B

S 294 C100 (Icu = 15kA)

Partial & Total selectivity

Example
Upstream circuit breaker A :

T4N 250 PR221DS In = 160 (Icu = 36kA)
Downstream circuit breaker B

S 294 C100 (Icu = 15kA)

—
Low voltage Back-up
Back-up definitions & standards
Back-Up protection
Standards definition
The definition of back-up is given by
IEC 60947-1 Standard: “Low voltage equipment IEC 60947-1

Part 1: General rules for low voltage equipment” def. 2.5.24
“Back-up is a coordination of two overcurrent protective devices in series, where the protective device on
the supply side, with or without the assistance of the other protective device, trips first in order to
prevents any excessive stress on downstream devices”.

Back-Up protection
Back-Up protection
Basic concept
Back-up is used by those who need to contain the
plant costs
The use of a current-limiting circuit breaker on the

supply side permits the installation of lower
performance circuit breakers on the load side
Both the continuity of service and the selectivity

are sacrificed

Back-Up protection
Back-Up protection
Example
T5L 250 T5L 250
Ik = 100 kA Ik = 100 kA
XT2L 160 XT2L 160 XT2L 160 Icu = 120kA XT2N 160 XT2N 160 XT2N 160 Icu = 36kA

Back-Up protection
Back-Up protection table

—
Low voltage Miniature CBs
IEC 60947-2 vs IEC 60898-1
IEC 60947-2 vs IEC 60898-1
Miniature Circuit Breakers
IEC 60947-2 IEC 60898-1
People Instructed Uninstructed

Maintenance Possible Not possible
< 1000 Vac < 440 Vac
Rated Voltage (Ue)
< 1500 Vdc < 220 Vdc
Ambient Temperature 40° C 30° C
No limits
Rated Current In = 125 A
(Iu < 6300 A)
Short circuit breaking Icn = 25 kA (ac)

current
No limits for Icu
Icn = 10 kA (dc)

—
IP code
IEC 60529
IP code
IEC 60529

IP code
Example

—
Ambient Temperature
IEC 61439-1
Ambient Temperature
IEC 61439-1
7.1.1 Ambient air temperature
7.1.1.1 Ambient air temperature for indoor installations
The ambient air temperature does not exceed +40 °C and its average over a period of 24 h
does not exceed +35 °C.
The lower limit of the ambient air temperature is –5 °C.

—
Form of separation
IEC 61439-1
Form of separation
IEC 61439-1

—
Circuit breakers version
Fixed, Plug-in and Withdrawable
Basics of standards
Circuit breakers version
• Fixed (Standard)
• Plug-in
• Withdrawable

—
LV Switchboard Busbar
Coating materials
LV Switchboard Busbar
Coating materials
Busbar coating material:
• Bare copper busbar.

• Tin plated copper busbar.
• Silver Plated copper busbar. Bare copper busbar Tin plated copper busbar
• Copper busbar with silver plating
at joints.
Silver Plated copper busbar Copper busbar with silver

plating at joints.

—
Surge Protection Device (SPD)
SPD coordination
Common cause of lightning transient
Indirect strike as far as 1km away cause

transient/surge problems irrespective of whether
structural LPS fitted or not.

Co-ordination of SPD types
Fire and electric shock hazards from flashover
Service entrance SPDs prevent flashover to preserve life
Used alone, Type 1 SPDs do not protect electronics:

An LPS “that employs only equipotential SPDs provides no effective protection against failure of sensitive
electrical or electronic systems” BS EN 62305-4 Page 16
Transient overvoltage SPDs (Type 2 and 3) needed to complete a coordinated SPD set for equipment
protection

Co-ordination of SPD types
SPDs on same installation need to operate together effectively
• Ensure Type 1 handles high energy surges and

• Type 2 & 3 SPDs limit overvoltages respectively
• Poor co-ordination could result in damage to SPDs and equipment

Coordinated SPD (Overvoltage and transient current SPDs)

Coordinated SPD (Overvoltage and transient current SPDs)
Surge risk
With LPS
or aerial network
Type 1 Type 2 Type 2 / Type 3
Type 1+2 40kA 20kA / 10kA
25kA / 15kA
Without LPS
or aerial network
Type 2 70kA
MDB
SDB
Close to equipment

—
Smart LV switchboard
Solution architecture
Different Communication Systems
Low voltage switchboard integration in Centralized Management Systems
Controlling Circuit Breakers: -

– Trip commands: circuit breakers must be provided with shunt opening release accessory.
– Operation Control: circuit breakers must be provided with Electrical Motors accessories.

Solution architecture
ABB Ability EDCS
Cloud access
points
Field devices

Applications
Retrofitting and upgrading public buildings
Solution with Ekip Up and CMS-700

– The Ekip UP:
• collects information (status, alarms and Sub Distribution
the number of operations) via Ekip Board
Signaling modules
– The CMS-700:
• branch monitoring
• connected to the Ekip UP via Modbus
TCP/IP.
– ABB Ability EDCS

• data analysis
• visualization

Budgetary commercial comparison with basic switchboard
Main Switchboard (Basic Price = 1,570,000 LE)

Solution TCP Comm. EDCS
Signalling 4% 7%
Current Measuring 6% 9%
Energy Measuring 11% 15%
MDB incoming = 3200A

Outgoings = 2500A, 1000A (ACBs)
1000A, 200A, 160A (MCCBs)
Capacitor bank = 350KVAR

—
Motor Starting
Basic Motor Circuit Components
Motors Starting
Motor Protection & Control
- Disconnector
Isolation - Switch disconnector
- Switch Fuse
Short Circuit Protection - Circuit Breaker (Magnetic)
- Manual Motor Starter
Control - Contactor
- Thermal / Electronic
Overload Protection
Overload Relay
M
3~

—
Motor Starting
Starting methods
Motors Starting
Motor Protection and Control
Direct Online Starters

- Traditional starting method
- Full voltage with no control of the start
- Combinations for motor protection
- Compact and cost-efficient solution
- Mostly used for small motors, usually <15 kW
Potential electrical problems

- Warm cables
- Tripping breakers
Potential mechanical problems

- Slipping belts
- Heavy wear and tear
- Damaged products

Motors Starting Methods
Direct Online Starters
Light Load Medium Load Heavy Load
T
T T
rpm
rpm rpm
I I I
rpm rpm rpm

Star-Delta Starter
General Characteristics
- Low starting current (only at successful start)
- Transmission peaks at loaded start
- Low starting torque (often too low)
- Long starting time Delta Contactor
- Always direct stop

- Many devices – complex wiring Star Contactor
- Double motor cables
Line Contactor

Star-Delta Starter
T T T
rpm rpm rpm
I I I
rpm rpm rpm

Soft Starters
Line
- Adjustable starting current Contactor
- Correct starting torque matching the need
- Possibility to soft stop
- Medium long starting time
Softstarter
- Minimum mechanical wear.
Built in
Electronic
overload
Built in
By-pass
M

Soft starters
Principal Function
Theory of Operation
Anti-parallel connected thyristors Voltage reduction during starting
U
100%

Soft Starters
Principal Function
Theory of operation
U I T
100%
U = 50% I = 50%
T = 25%
t rpm rpm

Soft Starters
Load Types
T
T T
rpm
rpm rpm
I
I I
rpm
rpm rpm

Soft Starters
Sometimes the benefits are really obvious
Conveyor Belts Water Hammering

Soft Starters
Coordination of Protection
Coordination Type 2 for Soft starters
Semi-conductor fuses (High speed fuses) are the only type of

fuses that are fast enough to achieve a fully type 2 coordination
when using a soft starter. A separate overload relay for the
motor protection is always required in combination with this
type of fuse. If replacing the semi-conductor fuses with an MCCB,
MMS or similar, type 1 coordination will be achieved instead.

Variable Speed Drives
- Full control of speed, current and torque
- Energy saving from reducing speed
- Mostly used for process control
- No Value for full speed applications AC
- Creates Harmonics DC
speed
DC
AC
time M

The motor starting market
Which starter shall be select
Full speed Constant speed Variable speed
Un-controlled start “Semi-controlled “start Controlled start
Medium voltage/High power etc.

Single phase motors,
small motors, etc.
DOL Y/D Softstarter Drive
Small motor ratings Higher ratings All ratings
Overlap
October 15, 2020 Slide 64 This picture doesn’t represent any actual size of market, it just a visualization to explain the market split
—
Motor Starting
Manual Motor Starters
Motors Starting
Manual Motor Starters
 Disconnect  Disconnect  Disconnect

 Short-circuit  Short-circuit  Short circuit
protection protection protection
 Overload  Overload  Manual control
protection protection
 Phase-failure  Phase-failure
 Manual control  Manual control
 Control
 Control  Overload
protection

—
DIN-Rail Range overview
Protection of people and assets
DIN-Rail Range overview
Protection of people and assets – 4 classes of protection
Miniature Circuit Breakers Residual Current Devices Surge Protective Devices Arc Fault Detection
(MCBs) (RCDs) (SPDs) Devices (AFDDs)
− Protection against − Protection against earth − Protection against surges − Protection against arc
overloads and short circuits fault currents and the impact of direct faults (parallel, series and
• MCBs • Residual Current Circuit and indirect lightning earth arc faults)
• High Performance Circuit Breakers (RCCBs) • SPD Class I, II & III (Type 1, • S-ARC1: AFDD with
Breakers (HPCBs) • RCBOs: RCCBs with Type 2, Type 1+2, …) integrated MCB
• Selective Main Circuit integrated MCB • Data line protection • DS-ARC1: AFDD with
Breakers (SMCBs) integrated RCBO

—
DIN-Rail Products
Residual Current Devices (RCDs)
Residual Current Devices (RCDs)
Classification of RCDs
RCDs can be classified by their suitability for detecting different forms of residual current
– Type AC, sensitive to alternating current only
• Suitable for all systems where users have sinusoidal earth current.
– Type A, sensitive to alternating and/or pulsating current with DC components
• Suitable for protecting systems in which the user equipment has electronic devices for rectifying the current
– Type B to provide protection in case of alternating residual sinusoidal currents up to 1.000 Hz, pulsating direct residual currents and
smooth direct residual currents
• Recommended for use with drives and inverters for supplying motors for pumps

—
Busway
IEC 61439-1 2011, IEC 61439-6 2012
Copper Conductors Busway Specifications
50DegC
Tested
⚫ Standard: IEC 61439-1 2011, IEC 61439-6 2012

⚫ Certificates: KEMA KEUR certification
⚫ Icw: 30kA~100kA
⚫ Ui/Ue: 1000V / 1000V
⚫ IP Rating: IP41, IP54, IP65 (Feeder); IP41, IP54 (Plug-in)
⚫ Frequency: 50Hz / 60Hz
⚫ Busway service:
✓ L1+L2+L3+50% Housing ground
✓ L1+L2+L3+100%N+50% Housing ground
✓ L1+L2+L3+100%N+50% Internal ground
⚫ Rated Current:
✓ 400A, 630A, 800A, 1000A, 1250A, 1600A, 2000A, 2500A, 3200A, 4000A, 5000A
⚫ Tap off unit:
✓ Rating: 16A~160A, 200A~250A, 400A~500A, 630A, 800A~1000A
✓ MCCB: GE Record C, Record Plus, NS
October 15, 2020 73

Aluminum Conductors Busway Specifications
⚫ Standard: IEC 61439-1 2011, IEC 61439-6 2012

⚫ Certificates: KEMA KEUR certification
⚫ Icw: 10kA ~ 80kA
⚫ Ui/Ue: 1000V / 690V
⚫ IP Rating: IP40, IP54, IP65 (Feeder); IP40, IP54 (Plug-in)
⚫ Frequency: 50Hz / 60Hz
⚫ Busway service:
✓ L1+L2+L3+50% Housing ground
✓ L1+L2+L3+100%N+50% Internal ground
⚫ Rated Current:
✓ 250A, 400A, 500A, 630A, 800A, 1000A, 1250A, 1350A, 1600A, 2000A, 2500A, 3200A, 4000A
⚫ Aluminum conductor: Copper plating first, then tin plating

⚫ Busway temperature rise is lower than 70K
October 15, 2020 74

Phase tabs at busway outlet
Insulating layers of cables (core insulation and

outer insulation) are insulating electrically as •
well as thermally, while busway use sandwich
construction in whole length with totally
enclosed housing. Heat disperses through
conduction mode. Busway has superior heat
dissipation performance compared to cable.
October 15, 2020 75

Busway Vs Cables
Case Study
4000A, 3P4W
Busway Vs Cables
As per Egyptian code:

The combined cross-sectional area of all cables installed in the
tray shall not exceed 50% of the interior cross-sectional area of
the cable tray.
For 4000A load we will select 9 Aluminum cables with cross 591mm
section area 300mm2, 9 AL Cables (3x300+150+150E)
-The total width of the cables installed on cable tray = 1446mm
-The total width of the busway = 591mm
1446mm
9 AL Cables (3x300+150+150E)

—
Medium Voltage Switchgear
IEC 62271-200
Medium Voltage Primary Switchgear
Circuit Breaker Execution Types
ROF Type CB’s Cassette Type CB’s

Medium Voltage Secondary Switchgear (RMU)
Comparison
ABB UniSec - AIS ABB SafeRing/SafePlus - GIS

Comparison
Feeder with fused switch-disconnector Feeder with circuit-breaker and switch-disconnector
SFC F SBC V

LBS + Fuse
Fuse Rating According to EDC Specifications:
Fuse Ratings:
Rated voltage: 24KV
Rated Frequency: 50HZ
Rated Breaking Capacity: 40KA
The Transformer Rating (KVA) 100 200 300 500 800 1000 1500
Nominal current for (H.R.C) 10 16 25 40 40 63 80
fuse at 40 deg. C

—
Capacitor Bank
Detuned Reactor Selection
Power Quality – Harmonic basics
Conclusion
Conclusion of Harmonics
— Harmonics are not good for the electrical devices & network
— If not controlled, they can lead to sever problem (technical as well as financial loss)
— Capacitor banks are more susceptible to harmonics and must be protected by a suitable reactor
— Detuning reactor must be selected carefully
— Active filters with suitable values are used to mitigate the harmonics

Power Quality – Capacitor bank
Capacitors Rating at different voltages
Capacitors Rating

Causes of Harmonics
Consequences
Power Factor & Resonance

• Resonance can cause amplification of harmonics in an electrical
network leading to equipment failure.
• Resonance is impossible to avoid
• Capacitors & reactors will always create resonance for some
frequency(ies)
M
• Solution: 2
 1 
o Add a reactor in series with each capacitor and this detuning
Z( ) = R +  L −
2

reactor must be selected carefully  C
• Note:
o Detuned reactors protects the power factor its self ONLY and
doesn’t eliminate or mitigate the harmonics on the network
U
RESONANCE

Resonance
Series and Parallel Resonance

1
Impedance: 𝑍  = 𝐿 −
⍵𝐶 L C
Resonance at frequency 0 for which 0L = 1/0C

Z(0) → 0
Harmonic current present at 0 will be dramatically amplified !!
⍵𝐿 L
Impedance: 𝑍  =
1 − ⍵2L 𝐶
Resonance at frequency 0 for which 02 LC = 1

Z(0) → infinite
Harmonic voltage present at 0 will be dramatically amplified !!

C

Resonance
How to customize the resonance?

— By creating resonances where we know there is no harmonic solicitation
— Transformer: imposed
— Capacitor: imposed (& changing)
— Add a reactor in series with each capacitor

Suitable Reactor Factor
Typical reactor values Reactor percentage :

— Choose the tuning order (resonance
frequency) BELOW the first significant p (%) = ( fn / fo)2 *100
harmonic order
— Check also not to disturb the remote 1
control frequency. n0 = = (f0/fn)
P
— ABB mainly uses detuned reactors of:
— 7% reactor : n0 = 3.78
Resonance frequency
tuning on 3.78*50Hz = 189 Hz
for systems with 5th harmonic
fN
— 14% reactor : n0 = 2.67
f0 =
p
tuning on 2.67*50Hz = 134 Hz
for systems with 3rd harmonic

Suitable Reactor Factor
The bigger the reactor

The bigger the voltage rise on capacitor The bigger the size The higher the losses (for same current)
The bigger the reactor, HIGHER the cost

Reactor protected capacitor
Example of voltage increase on the capacitor:

— U = 400 V
— Capacitor in serie with 7% reactor, p=0.07
UL = p/(1-p).U
U
UC = U/(1-p)
— UC = 400/(1-0.07)= 430 V, choose capacitor having min.430V nom. Voltage

— UL = 0.07/(1-0.07)*400= 30 V

Example of 50 KVAR capacitor step module with reactor
Reactor Capacitors
Mounting plate
Contactor
— Compatible with ARTUK and MNS 3.0 Fuses holder

Example of 100 KVAR capacitor shelf
Capacitors
Mounting plate
Fuses holder Contactors
— Compatible with System Pro-E

Capacitor Bank
System pro E power series
Capacitor bank of 1200KVAR

Example 1200kvar:
– Incoming breaker E2.2 2500A
– Rear busbar system 2x80x10 in each phase
– 12 capacitor units of 100kvar
– Each column has capacity of 400kvar
– Depth 700mm
– Combined with TBBS Emax column and RBBS
rear busbars

Capacitor Bank
Precise control and monitoring of system power quality
Mode of switching
The modes of switching for all the
programmable
switching sequences are normal or integral,
progressive or direct, linear or circular

—
Harmonics Case Study
Technical & Commercial
Case Study
Case Study
Network Elements
– One 22KV MVSG (6-Cells)
– Two 22/0.4KV Oil Distribution Transformer – ONAN
– One 400v Generator.
– Copper BW from each ODT and GEN to MDB incomings.
– 400v MDB consisting of:
• Two incomings from each ODT.
• One incoming from generator.
• Bus coupler.
• Five Outgoing feeders to VSDs
• Other inductive load with total power of 300KW.
• PFC, one on each section.
– Five 400KW VSD – 400V. (3 on section 1 & 2 on section 2)
– Five Motors fed from the VSDs. (3Duty + 2 Standby)

Case Study
Case Study
Assumptions
• Design ambient temperature of 45⁰C

• IP54 for all panels.
• Form 2b for MDB.
• Distance:
o 100m between transformers & MDB.
o 100m between generator and MDB.
o 30m between VSDs and motors.

Case Study
Case Study
Scenarios
– Design Number 1:
• Considering the VSD type is standard harmonic type.
• Considering the VSD type is standard harmonic type
with passive filter to achieve 10% TDDi.
• Considering VSD type is standard harmonic type with
AHF to achieve 10% TDDi.
• Considering the VSD type is low harmonic type.

Case Study
Case Study
Output
– Transformer sizing with maximum loading of 80%

– Generator sizing as a backup generator to supply the full
load.
– Cable sizing.
– Busway sizing.
– CBs sizing.
– PFC sizing and whether it shall be detuned or not.
– Type of each element in the network.
– Harmonic analysis study containing all the design
elements.
– SLD of each design.

Case Study
Case Study
Aim of Study
– Showing the harmonic effect on each element in the

network and its drawbacks in a numeric way
• Technically & • Commercially

Case Study
Harmonic Analysis Study
Technical Output
LV Side
Transformer Cables Between
Permissible Selected Cables Between
Design Scenario Drive Solution Rated Power PFC (KVAR) MDB & Other
Load (VA) BW (A) Current Voltage MDB & Drive
(VA) Loads
Distortion Distortion
TDDi% THDv%
SH ACS880-07-0820A-3 - 3,150,000 2,533,400 5,000 31.8% 10.7% Detuned 550 3x 5G240/120 5G300/150
SH+PF ACS880-07-0820A-3 FN 341x-310-99 2,500,000 2,492,900 4,000 3.1% 1.5% Detuned 550 3x 5G240/120 5G300/150
SH+AHF 10% ACS880-07-0820A-3 PQFI-M30 S30 2,500,000 2,430,100 4,000 9.9% 3.4% 550 2x 5G300/150 5G150/95
SH+AHF 5% ACS880-07-0820A-3 PQFI-V1-M45 S30 2,500,000 2,482,300 4,000 4.9% 1.7% 550 2x 5G300/150 5G150/95
LH ACS880-37-0870A-3 - 2,500,000 2,496,700 4,000 2.1% 1.7% 550 2x 5G300/150 5G150/95

Case Study
Harmonic Analysis Study
Commercial Output
SH SH+PF SH+AHF LH
# Item Quantity Quantity Quantity Quantity
Unit Price Total Price Unit Price Total Price Unit Price Total Price Unit Price Total Price
1 22KV MVSG (6-Cells) 1 EGP 1,925,000 EGP 1,925,000 1 EGP 1,925,000 EGP 1,925,000 1 EGP 1,925,000 EGP 1,925,000 1 EGP 1,925,000 EGP 1,925,000
2 110V DC System (Battery & Battery Charger According To EDC) 1 EGP 300,000 EGP 300,000 1 EGP 300,000 EGP 300,000 1 EGP 300,000 EGP 300,000 1 EGP 300,000 EGP 300,000
3 22/0.4KV Dry Type Transformer - ANAF 2 EGP 1,372,500 EGP 2,745,000 2 EGP 1,035,000 EGP 2,070,000 2 EGP 1,035,000 EGP 2,070,000 2 EGP 1,035,000 EGP 2,070,000
4 Busway Between Transformer & MDB 200 EGP 50,000 EGP 10,000,000 200 EGP 30,000 EGP 6,000,000 200 EGP 30,000 EGP 6,000,000 200 EGP 30,000 EGP 6,000,000
5 400v MDB 1 EGP 4,595,635 EGP 4,595,635 1 EGP 4,595,635 EGP 4,595,635 1 EGP 4,653,600 EGP 4,653,600 1 EGP 4,595,635 EGP 4,595,635
6 PFC 2 EGP 579,144 EGP 1,158,288 2 EGP 579,144 EGP 1,158,288 2 EGP 361,965 EGP 723,930 2 EGP 361,965 EGP 723,930
7 Solution 0 EGP - EGP - 5 EGP 219,978 EGP 1,099,890 1 EGP 3,025,039 EGP 3,025,039 0 EGP - EGP -
8 Cables From MDB To Motor & Drive 150 EGP 7,776 EGP 1,166,400 150 EGP 7,776 EGP 1,166,400 150 EGP 6,442 EGP 966,300 150 EGP 6,442 EGP 966,300
9 Cables From MDB To Other Loads 40 EGP 3,619 EGP 144,760 40 EGP 3,619 EGP 144,760 40 EGP 1,769 EGP 70,760 40 EGP 1,769 EGP 70,760
10 400V LV Drive 5 EGP - 5 EGP 550,000 EGP 2,750,000 5 EGP 550,000 EGP 2,750,000 5 EGP 880,000 EGP 4,400,000
11 400V LV Motor 5 EGP 720,000 EGP 3,600,000 5 EGP 720,000 EGP 3,600,000 5 EGP 720,000 EGP 3,600,000 5 EGP 720,000 EGP 3,600,000
EGP 25,635,083 EGP 24,809,973 EGP 26,084,629 EGP 24,651,625
SH SH+PF SH+AHF LH

Case Study
Design Number 1: Considering the VSD type is standard harmonic type
Standard Harmonic
Drive & Motor MV
14% 9%
Transformers
Cables 11%
5%
LV
22%
Busway
39%
MV Transformers Busway LV Cables Drive & Motor

Case Study
Design Number 2: Considering the VSD type is standard harmonic type with passive filter to
achieve 10% TDDi
Standard Harmonic With Passive Filter
Solution MV
5% 9%
Transformers
8%
Drive & Motor
26%
Busway
24%
Cables
5%
LV
23%
MV Transformers Busway LV Cables Drive & Motor Solution

Case Study
Design Number 3: Considering VSD type is standard harmonic type with AHF to achieve 10%
TDDi
Standard Harmonic With Passive Filter
Solution MV
12% 8% Transformers
8%
Drive & Motor

24%
Busway
23%
Cables LV
4% 21%
MV Transformers Busway LV Cables Drive & Motor Solution

Case Study
Design Number 4: Considering the VSD type is low harmonic type
Low Harmonic
MV
9%
Transformers
Drive & Motor 8%
33%
Busway
24%
Cables
4%
LV
22%
MV Transformers Busway LV Cables Drive & Motor

Quick selection guide
APCQ series
“Quick” selection guide
Qcomp = P  (tg1 − tg2 )

Non linear loads total power (kVA)
Transformer rated power (kVA)
< 15% 15 to 25% > 25% > 60%
De-tuned range
+ Harmonic
Standard range 1 Reinforced range 1 De-tuned range 2
filtering
solution 3
1Providing there is no resonance

2 Reactorvalue must not interfere with existing telecommunication frequency.
October 15, 2020 Slide 108 3
Requires harmonic analysis. Please contact ABB’s specialist.

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TUESDAY, OCTOBER 13, 2020

ABB Value Engineering Session

IEC Standard for Short-circuit calculation : IEC 60909-0

– Short-circuit current: “Overcurrent resulting from a short-circuit in an electric system”

October 15, 2020 Slide 3

Utility/Transformers Generators Motors Cables/Busway

October 15, 2020 Slide 4

Protection of 400V transformers at 750MVA (Example)

Sr (KVA) Uk (%) Rated Current Ir (A) S.C. Current (KA)

October 15, 2020 Slide 7

Calculation of Short Circuit Currents

(Ik short-circuit without motor contribution)

October 15, 2020 Slide 9

IEC 60909-1 : Motor Contribution values

October 15, 2020 Slide 10

IEC 60909-1 : Motor equivalent values

October 15, 2020 Slide 11

IEC 60947-1 Standard: “Low voltage equipment IEC 60947-1

October 15, 2020 Slide 13

• When a fault occurs ( Overload or Short-circuit)

• The protection device closes to the fault opens.

October 15, 2020 Slide 14

• When a fault occurs ( Overload or Short-circuit)

• Both the upstream & downstream protection

The whole system will be out of service

October 15, 2020 Slide 15

• When a fault occurs (Overload or Short-circuit)

• The upstream device could open first before any

The whole system will be out of service

October 15, 2020 Slide 16

Current, Time, Energy, Zone, Directional & Zone

October 15, 2020 Slide 17

Partial & Total selectivity

Upstream circuit breaker A :

Downstream circuit breaker B

October 15, 2020 Slide 18

Partial & Total selectivity

Upstream circuit breaker A :

Downstream circuit breaker B

October 15, 2020 Slide 19

IEC 60947-1 Standard: “Low voltage equipment IEC 60947-1

October 15, 2020 Slide 21

The use of a current-limiting circuit breaker on the

Both the continuity of service and the selectivity

October 15, 2020 Slide 22

T5L 250 T5L 250

October 15, 2020 Slide 23

Back-Up protection table

October 15, 2020 Slide 24

IEC 60947-2 IEC 60898-1

People Instructed Uninstructed

Ambient Temperature 40° C 30° C

Short circuit breaking Icn = 25 kA (ac)

October 15, 2020 Slide 26

October 15, 2020 Slide 28

October 15, 2020 Slide 29

7.1.1 Ambient air temperature

7.1.1.1 Ambient air temperature for indoor installations

October 15, 2020 Slide 31

October 15, 2020 Slide 33