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Arduino based Automatic Monitoring Environment by Sensors and GSM

Article in International Journal of Computer Applications · July 2019

DOI: 10.5120/ijca2019919175

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 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 178 – No. 35, July 2019

Arduino based Automatic Monitoring Environment by

Sensors and GSM

Sara W. Abdulmajeed Mothena F. Shaker Zahraa K. Taha

Department of Network Department of Network Department of Network
Engineering, Engineering, Engineering,
Al-iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq Al-iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq Al-iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq

ABSTRACT actuators takes place to produce the outcome for the collected
Environment monitoring plays an important role in human information to know the status of that environment. The
life, so the collection of information about changes of actuator can control the environment changes. Many sensors
environment is very important. In this paper, an Arduino can be used with arduino for examples water sensor, humidity
based microcontroller system and many sensors are used to sensor etc.
monitor the environment. The parameters of the environment A monitoring of environment is an instrument that measures
to be monitored are chosen as temperature, humidity, water and records parameters using sensors without intervention of
level and light. The values of these parameters are transmitted humans. The measured parameters can be stored or can be
to a base station where they are being monitored, so that every transmitted via GSM.
person in the range of the system can check it over their smart
phones and laptops as these parameters hold importance to In a monitoring environment each sensors consists of
everyone. In proposed system, when the parameters reaches a processing capability (one or more microcontroller), may
defined threshold value a message will be displayed in the contain multiple types of memory (program, data and flash
printed circuit boards LCD, and a SMS will be sent to the memories), have a Zigbee, GSM, RF transceiver. Wireless
user’s mobile phone. communication is widely used in electronics. The design to
implement for monitoring the environment using many
General Terms sensors which manages information [4].
Arduino Uno, GSM, LCD, Humidity sensor Light Dependent
Resistance and water sensor. 2. ADRIANO UNO [1]
microcontroller is an easy to use yet powerful single board
Keywords computer that has gained considerable traction in the hobby
and professional market. The Arduino is open-source, which
Arduino Uno, GSM, LCD, Humidity sensor Light Dependent
means hardware is reasonably priced and development
Resistance and water sensor.
software is free. This guide is for students in ME 2011, or
1. INTRODUCTION students anywhere who are confronting the Arduino for the
The Arduino is a tiny computer system that can be first time. The Duemilanove board features an Atmel
programmed with your instructions to interact with various ATmega328 microcontroller operating at 5 V with 2 Kb of
forms of input and output. The current Arduino board model, RAM, 32 Kb of flash memory for storing programs and 1 Kb
the Uno, is quite small in size compared to the average human of EEPROM for storing parameters. The clock speed is 16
hand [1]. Arduino board designs use a variety of MHz, which translates to about executing about 300,000 lines
microprocessors and controllers. The boards are equipped of C source code per second. The board has 14 digital I/O pins
with sets of digital and analog input/output (I/O) pins that may and 6 analog input pins. There is a USB connector for talking
be interfaced to various expansion boards (shields) and other to the host computer and a DC power jack for connecting an
circuits. The boards feature serial communications interfaces, external 6-20 V power source, for example a 9 V battery,
including Universal Serial Bus (USB) on some models, which when running a program while not connected to the host
are also used for loading programs from personal computers. computer. Headers are provided for interfacing to the I/O pins
The microcontrollers are typically programmed using a dialect using 22 g solid wire or header connectors .Show in figure(1)
of features from the programming languages C and C++. In
addition to using traditional compiler toolchains, the Arduino
project provides an integrated development environment
(IDE) based on the Processing language project [2].
Shield Arduino that can accept the modules from Simcom
SIM900 (GSM/GPRS functionality) and SIM928
(functionality GSM / GPRS & GPS) and allows to make voice
calls, send SMS or make connections to the Internet network.
The availability of new GSM/GPRS &
GPS library, allow great flexibility. For example is
possible reading a received text message or start a call and
make all other operations performed by a standard mobile
phone [3].
Fig. 1: Arduino ono
Sensor collects information from various environment the

39
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 178 – No. 35, July 2019

3. GSM/ GPRS SIM900

The Arduino GSM Shield 2 allows an Arduino board to
connect to the internet, make/receive voice calls and
send/receive SMS messages. The shield uses a radio modem
M10 by Quectel. It is possible to communicate with the board
using AT commands. The GSM library has a large number of
methods for communication with the shield as shown in figure
2.
The shield uses digital pins 2 and 3 for software serial
communication with the M10. Pin 2 is connected to the M10’s
TX pin and pin 3 to its RX pin [5].
You will need to acquire a SIM card for this shield. Works on Fig. 3: AM2302 Humidity sensor
frequencies 850 MHz, 900 MHz, 1800 MHz and 1900 MHz.
The baud rate can be configurable from 9600-115200 through
AT command [6].

 Requires an Arduino board (not included)

 Operating voltage 5V (supplied from the Arduino
Board)
 Connection with Arduino Uno on pins 2, 3 From data sheet of sensor, this sensor can read the humidity
(Software Serial) and 7 (reset). between 20-90 and temperture between 0-50C. There is more
information about this sensor in the data sheet [8].

5. WATER SENSOR
Water sensor brick is designed for water detection, which can
be widely used in sensing rainfall, water level, and even liquid
leakage.

Fig. 2: GSM/GPRS

4. HUMIDITY SENSOR (DHT11)

Humidity sensor in figure 3 works on the principle of relative
humidity and gives the output in the form of voltage. This Fig.4: Water Sensor
analog voltage provides the information about the percentage Connecting a water sensor to an Arduino is a great way to
relative humidity present in the environment [7]. The detect a leak, spill, flood, rain, etc. It can be used to detect the
AM2302 is a wired version of the DHT11, in a large plastic presence, the level, the volume and/or the absence of water.
body. It is a basic, low-cost digital temperature and humidity While this could be used to remind you to water your plants,
sensor. It uses a capacitive humidity sensor and a thermistor there is a better Grove sensor for that. The sensor has an array
to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal of exposed traces, which read LOW when water is detected.
on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). It’s fairly
simple to use, but requires careful timing to grab data. Water sensor has three terminals - S, Vout(+), and GND (-).
Connect the sensor as follows

 Connect the +Vs to +5v on your Arduino board.

 Connect S to any digital pin number on Arduino

board.

 Connect GND with GND on Arduino.

40
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 178 – No. 35, July 2019

6. LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTANCE * LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11

(LDR) * LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5
A light-dependent resistor (LDR) is a light controlled variable
resistor. An LDR is a component that has a (variable) * LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4
resistance [10]. The light dependent resistor resistance
* LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3
changes with intensity of light, with increase in light intensity
the resistance offered by the sensor decreases and with * LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2
decrease in light intensity the resistance offered by the sensor
increases. Hence it acts as variable resistor with change in * LCD R/W pin to ground
light intensity. These helps in finding the amount of light
intensity at that instant of time and thus helping in regulating
01 * K resistor:
the lighting of our lighting system accordingly [11]. * ends to +5V and ground
* LCD VO to variable resistance
1. BLOCK DIAGRAM AND WORKING
A new architectural model was developed for the monitoring
of the environment and data is transmitting by GSM. Figure 7
illustrates the workflow of sensor data transmission.

LDR
Figure 5: Light Depend Resistance with/ without light GSM
senso
7. LIQUID CRYSTAL (LCD) [12]
LCD modules that display characters such as text and r sensor
numbers are the most inexpensive and simplest to use of all Water
Arduino
LCDs. They can be purchased in various sizes, which are sensor
Ono
measured by the number of rows and columns of characters
they can display. Some include a backlight and allow you to
choose the color of the character and the background color. Temperature
Any LCD with an HD44780- or KS0066-compatible interface &Humidity
should work with your Arduino. sensor

The LiquidCrystal library works with all LCD displays that

are compatible with the Hitachi HD44780 driver. There are
many of them out there, and you can usually tell them by the
16-pin interface.
With the LCD setup complete, clear the LCD’s display with
the following:
lcd.clear();
Then, to position the cursor, which is the starting point for the
text,
use this: No If reading>=
threshold
lcd.setCursor(x, y); Save
value
Here, x is the column (0 to 15) and y is the row (0 or 1). So, readings
for example,
to display the word text, you would enter the following:
lcd.print("text"); LCD yse

to display
Result Send SMS

Fig. 7: Block diagram of the proposed system

Project:
#include <SoftwareSerial.h>
Fig. 6: LCD demonstration. #include <LiquidCrystal.h>
The circuit: LiquidCrystal lcd(12,11,5,4,3,2); // pins for RS, E, DB5,
DB4, DB3, DB2
* LCD RS pin to digital pin 12

41
 International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887)
Volume 178 – No. 35, July 2019

int water_pin=8; }
int humidity_pin=2; // Then, to position the cursor, which is the starting point for
the text
int light_pin=A0;
lcd.setcursor(0,0);
/SoftwareSerial GSM(7, 8);//Rx, TX of arduino
//Displaying Text:
void setup()
lcd.print(humidity _val);
{
lcd.print(water _val)
lcd.begin(16,2); // we tell the Arduino the size of the LCD //in
columns and rows. lcd.print(light_val);
pinMode(humidity_pin, INPUT); }
pinMode(water_pin, INPUT); 8. CONCLUSION
GSM.begin(9600); In agriculture, sensor plays major role in environmental
monitoring like light, temperature, water and humidity. In our
Serial.begin(9600); proposed method, the environment is monitored by sensors
GSM.println("AT+CMGF=1"); and the measured information’s are transmitted to the user’s
mobile phone by means of GSM. The GSM is simple than
delay(1000); Zigbee. It is more reliability than other wireless methods
} 9. REFERENCES
void loop() [1] J. Boxball “Arduino Workshop: A Hands-On
Introduction with 65 Projects” 1st edition, 2013
{
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arduino
while(GSM.available()) {
[3] https://store.open-
Serial.write(GSM.read()); electronics.org/GSMGPRSSHIELDv2?gclid=Cj0KEQjw
} n_3GBRDc8rCnup-
1x8wBEiQAdw3OAVwIZ50JB5o8_La_Ut7g68-
int humidity_val = digitalRead(humidity_pin); u2i1CBVPI6xpjoGzDI4saAhHX8P8HAQ
int water_val = digitalRead(water_pin); [4] https://www.arduino.cc/en/Main/ArduinoGSMShield
int light_val = analogRead(light_pin); [5] S. Devika, SK. Khamuruddeen, J. Thota and K. Shaik “
Arduino Based Automatic Plant Watering System”
sendSMS();
International Journal of Advance Reasearch in Computer
} Science and Software Engineering, vol. 4, issue 10,
October 2014.
delay(500);
[6] H. Timmis “Practical Arduino Engineering”, 2011.
}
[7] P. Susmitha and G. Sowmyabala “Design and
void sendSMS() { implementation of weather Monitoring and Controlling
Serial.print("Switch was turned "); System”, international Journal of Computer Application,
vol. 79, No. 3,July 2014.
Serial.println(state ? "on" : "off");
[8] https://arduino-info.wikispaces.com/DHT11-Humidity-
GSM.println("AT+CMGS=\"+64123456789\""); TempSensor?responseToken=47d75760cbbb3fb177d30c
delay(500); c95c5351c4

GSM.print("humidity_val ="); [9] http://www.instructables.com/id/How-to-use-a-Water-

Level-Sensor-Arduino-Tutorial/
GSM.println(humidity_val );
[10] P. S. Sathish and B. Chellaprabha “MONITORING THE
GSM.print("water_val ="); PLANT GROWTH USING SENSOR NETWORK”
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, vol.
GSM.println(water_val );
10, No. 7, April 2015.
GSM.println("light_val" );
[11] D. Rath “Arduino Based: Smart Light Control System”
GSM.println(light_val ); International Journal of Engineering Research and
General Science, vol4, issue 2, April, 2016.
GSM.println(state ? "on" : "off");
[12] J. Boxball “Arduino Workshop: A Hands-On
GSM.write( 0x1a ); // ctrl+Z character Introduction with 65 Projects” 1st edition, 2013
delay(500);

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