Electrical Circuit LAB TP1

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Department of Electrical and Energy
Engineering
EXPERIMENTAL REPORT
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT LAB
TP 1
DC Circuit Measurement
Lectured By: Try Pich
GROUP 4
Students:
NOUV RANRATHVIREAK ID: e20200039
NY SREYLEAK ID: e202200120
OEURN MENG CHEANG ID: e20200436
ORK BUNSOKRAKMUNY ID: e20201120
Academy Year: 2022-2023

1). Objectives:
• To know how to connect circuits on a breadboard.

• To study how to use measurement equipment at the Electrical and Electronics Lab.
• To verify Kirchhoff’s current law and Kirchhoff’s voltage law to solve electric circuits.
2). EQUIPMENT
• DC Power Supply………………………………………………………………………. (1)
• Breadboard……………………………………………………………………………... (1)
• Analog board M32……………………….......………………………………………… (1)
• Digital Multimeter (DMM)………………...…………………………………………... (1)
• Wiring ………...………………………….………………………………………… (1 set)
• Resistors available in the laboratory………………………………………………… (1 set)
3). Theory
- Kirchhoff’s First Law: states that the algebraic sum of all the currents that meets at the
point or junction is zero.
Σ𝐼 = 0
Sum of incoming currents = sum of outing currents
𝐼1 − 𝐼2 − 𝐼3 − 𝐼4 + 𝐼5 = 0
𝐼1 + 𝐼5 = 𝐼2 + 𝐼3 + 𝐼4
- Kirchhoff’s Second Law: states that in a closed circuit, the algebraic sum of all the emfs
and the algebraic sum of all the voltage drops (i.e., product of current and resistances) zero.
Mathematically: Σ𝐸 + Σ𝑉 = 0
The algebraic sum of all the items and voltage drops:
30 + 5 + 15 − 𝑉1 − 𝑉2 − 𝑉3 = 0
𝑉1 + 𝑉2 + 𝑉3 = 55
Figure 1.2: Circuit used to illustrate KVL

4). Experiment Procedure:
1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 3 on the breadboard.

2. Use the DMM to measure the equivalent resistance 𝑅𝐴𝐵 Noted the DMM reading
3. Remove the circuit in Figure 1. 3;
4. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 1. 4 with the given values;
5. Turn on the DC power supply and use DMM to measure the applied voltage (V1) 10V and
(V2) 12V note the voltmeter readings;
6. Turn off the power supply and connect the circuit in Figure 1. 4 with the DC power supply;
7. Turn on the power supply and measure the voltage drops in each resistance by using DMM.
Record the results in Table 1.1;
8. Measure the value of current by using the ammeter. Note the readings of Ammeters and record
the results in Table 1.2;
9. Now, use the measured values of voltages to verify KVL on all closed paths, and use the
measured values of current to verify KCL at all nodes;
10. Make the report using (Theoretical Vs Multisim Vs Experiment) results.
Figure 1.3: Circuit used in resistance equivalent

calculation
3
4.1). Calculation of total resistance
R6  R7 ( 2.2 1) 10

6
RCD = = = 687.5 
R6 + R7 (1 + 2.2 )  103
REF =
( R5 + R67 )  R34 , R = 678.5  , R = R + R = 1820 
( R5 + R67 ) + R34 67 34 3 4
= REF =
( 560 + 687.5 ) 1820 = 740.19 
( 560 + 687.5 ) + 1820
R R
RMN = 1 2 =
(11.5 ) 106 = 600 
R1 + R2 (1 + 1.5 ) 103
Req = RAB = RMN + REF = 600 + 740.19 = 1340.19 
= 1.34 k 
4.2) Connect the circuit shown in Figure 3 on the breadboard:
Figure 1.3.1: Connect the circuit use resistance on the breadboard

• Use the DMM to measure the equivalent resistance RAB:
Figure 1.3.2: Using the multimeter tool measure resistance

equivalent between terminal A and B (𝑅𝐴𝐵 )
• The DMM reading shown the equivalent resistance is RAB = 1.34KΩ
• Measured value by Multisim

Connect the circuit in Figure 1. 4 using the schematic drawing (Multisim). Use ammeter and
voltmeter tools to measure each branch and node's current and voltage.
Figure 1.3.3: Using the Multisim software to

measure each branch and node’s current and voltage
• By using Multimeter to measure the equivalent resistance in Multisim software, the value
also shown Req = RAB = 1.34KΩ
Req = RAB = 1.34KΩ
5
4.2. Verify Kirchhoff’s Law:
Figure 1.4: Circuit used in KCL & KVL verify
4.2.1. Theoretical Value:

 KCL (Kirchhoff ' s current law ) :
For node A : I − I1 − I 2 = 0 (1)
For node B : I 2 − I 3 − I 4 = 0 (2)
 KVL ( Kirchhoff ' s voltage law) :
Loop I : V1 − R1 I − R2 I1 = 0 (3)
Loop II : I1 R2 − R3 I 3 − R4 I 3 = 0 (4)
Loop III : R3 I 3 + R4 I 3 − R5 I 4 + V2 − R6 I 4 = 0 (5)
* (3) =
10 − 3.3 103 ( I1 + I 2 ) − 820 I1 = 0
10 − 3.3 103 I1 − 3.3 103 I 2 − 820 I 2 = 0
4120 I1 + 3.3 103 I 2 = 10 (6)
* (4) =
820 I1 − 3.3  103 I 3 = 0 (7)
* (5) =
3.3 103 I 3 − 6.9 103 I 4 = −12 (8)
So by equations ( 2 ) , ( 6 ) , ( 7 ) , ( 8 ) :
 I 2 − I3 − I 4 = 0 ( 2)

 4120 I1 + 3.3  10 I 2 = 10 (6)
3

 820 I1 − 3.3 10 I 3 = 0
3
(7)
3.3 10 I 3 − 6.9 10 I 4 = −12 (8)
3 3
= I1 = 0.00079 A , I 2 = 0.002 A , I 3 = 0.002 A, I 4 = 0.0018 A

= I R1 = I1 + I 2 = 0.00079 + 0.002 = 0.00279 A  2.8mA
= I R 2 = I1 = 0.00079 A ~ 0.8mA
= I R 3 = I R 4 = I 3 = 0.0002 A  0.2mA
= I R 5 = I R 6 = I 4 = 0.0018 A  1.8mA
= VR1 = I R1  R1 = 0.00279  3.3  103 = 9.207 V
= VR 2 = I R 2  R2 = 820  0.0008 = 0.656 V
= VR 3 = I R 3  R3 = 103  0.0002 = 0.2 V
= VR 4 = I R 4  R4 = 2.2  103  0.0002 = 0.44 V
= VR 5 = I R 5  R5 = 4.7 103  0.0018 = 8.46 V
= VR 6 = I R 6  R6 = 2.2  103  0.0018 4V
7
4.2.2. Measurement Value (Mulisim)
• We use voltmeter in Multisim software to measure voltage drop on R1 =3.3KΩ, the value
shown VR1=9.347 V shown as below.
Figure 1.4.1: Circuit used in Multisim to measure the

voltage
• We use voltmeter in multisim software to measure current drop on R1 =3.3KΩ, the value
shown IR1 = 2.833A shown as below.
Figure 1.4.2: Circuit used in Multisim to measure the

currents
4.2.3. Measurement Value (Experiment)
• Construct the circuit in Figure 1.4 on breadboard:
Figure 1.4.2: Circuit on breadboard
• Connect with DC power supply by applied voltage (V1) 10V and (V2) 12V shown as
figure below:
Figure 1.4.3: Circuit had connected with DC power supply
9
• Using DMM, measure the voltage drops in each resistance:
First, we measure voltage drop on R1 =3.3KΩ, the DMM reading shown value of VR1=9.4 V
Shown as below.
Figure 1.4.3: Measured the voltage on R1
• Measured value of current of each resistor
We measure current drop on R1 =3.3KΩ, the DMM reading shown value of Shown
IR1 = 2.866A as below.
Figure 1.4.5: Circuit used by Multimeter to measure the

currents
4.2.4. Result and Discussion:
Following the table 1 and table 2 of circuit 1. We got percent of error :
• Between Theoretical value and Measured value (Multisim) is approximated under 1%.
• Between Theoretical value and Measured value (Experiment) is approximated under 1%.
Since Calculating Theoretical, we did not take specific values.
Following the table 1 and table 2 of circuit 2. We got :
• Between Theoretical value and Measured value (Multisim) is approximated under 1%.
• Between Theoretical value and Measured value (Experiment), percent of error is
approximated under 1%.
Table 1.1: KVL verification in Circuit
Applied voltage (V1, V2) VR1 VR2 VR3 VR4 VR5 VR6
Theoretical value (V) 9.207 0.656 0.2 0.44 8.46 4
Measured value (Multisim) (V) 9.347 0.652 0.204 0.448 8.617 4.033
Measured value (Experiment) (V) 9.4 0.665 0.207 0.458 8.61 4.09
Table 1.2: KCL verification results
Applied voltage (V1, V2) IR1 IR2 IR3 IR4 IR5 IR6
Theoretical value (mA) 2.79 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.8 1.8
Measured value (Multisim) (mA) 2.833 0.795 0.204 0.204 1.834 1.834
Measured value (Experiment)

2.866 0.813 0.207 0.207 1.86 1.86
(mA)
11
5. Conclusion
Therefore, the Theorem Kirchhoff’s Current and Voltage Law ( KCL and KVL) provide
exactly values because percent of error under 1% if comparing with Measured value (Multisim)
and Measured valued (Experiment). On the other hand.

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Institute of Technology of Cambodia Department of Electrical and Energy

Academy Year: 2022-2023

• To know how to connect circuits on a breadboard.

Sum of incoming currents = sum of outing currents

The algebraic sum of all the items and voltage drops:

Figure 1.2: Circuit used to illustrate KVL

1. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 3 on the breadboard.

4. Construct the circuit shown in Figure 1. 4 with the given values;

(V2) 12V note the voltmeter readings;

Record the results in Table 1.1;

the results in Table 1.2;

measured values of current to verify KCL at all nodes;

10. Make the report using (Theoretical Vs Multisim Vs Experiment) results.

Figure 1.3: Circuit used in resistance equivalent

R6  R7 ( 2.2 1) 10

4.2) Connect the circuit shown in Figure 3 on the breadboard:

Figure 1.3.1: Connect the circuit use resistance on the breadboard

Figure 1.3.2: Using the multimeter tool measure resistance

• The DMM reading shown the equivalent resistance is RAB = 1.34KΩ

• Measured value by Multisim

Figure 1.3.3: Using the Multisim software to

Req = RAB = 1.34KΩ

Figure 1.4: Circuit used in KCL & KVL verify

4.2.1. Theoretical Value:

= I1 = 0.00079 A , I 2 = 0.002 A , I 3 = 0.002 A, I 4 = 0.0018 A

Figure 1.4.1: Circuit used in Multisim to measure the

Figure 1.4.2: Circuit used in Multisim to measure the

• Construct the circuit in Figure 1.4 on breadboard:

Figure 1.4.2: Circuit on breadboard

Figure 1.4.3: Circuit had connected with DC power supply

Figure 1.4.3: Measured the voltage on R1

• Measured value of current of each resistor

Figure 1.4.5: Circuit used by Multimeter to measure the

Following the table 1 and table 2 of circuit 1. We got percent of error :

Following the table 1 and table 2 of circuit 2. We got :

Table 1.1: KVL verification in Circuit

Theoretical value (V) 9.207 0.656 0.2 0.44 8.46 4

Table 1.2: KCL verification results

Theoretical value (mA) 2.79 0.8 0.2 0.2 1.8 1.8

Measured value (Experiment)

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