UnUmt°

(Malayalam)
Didache
Translated by
Fr. Dr. Joseph Cheeran
First Web Edition : July 2015
 UnUmt°

]cn-`mjI≥
^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥
 ^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥
Xr»q¿ Pn√bn¬ ]g™n sk‚ v tacokv Hm¿-
ØtUmIvkv CShIbn¬ Noc≥ Koh¿Kokv I»oimbpsS
]u{X\mbn 1945 Nnßw 1˛\v P\n®p. amXm]nXm°ƒ
amØ∏≥ ˛ Ip™mØncn. Ahn`‡ tIcf k¿hIem-
imebpsS H∂mw dmt¶mSp IqSn aebmfw `mjbn¬
hnZzm≥ _ncpZw t\Sn. Imen°´v k¿∆Iemimebn¬
\n∂v amÿ _ncpZw. almflmKm‘n k¿hIemime-
bn¬ \n∂v "B[p\nI aebmf IhnXbn¬ ss__nfns‚
kzm[o\w' F∂ hnjbsØ∏‰n Xbmdm°nb KthjW-
{]_‘Øn\v ]n.F®v.Un. _ncpZw e`n®p. Xr»q¿ kn.Fw.Fkv. ssl-
kvIqfnepw Bephm bqWnb≥ {InkvXy≥ tImfPnepw A[ym]I≥. 2000
PqWn¬ dn´b¿ sNbvXp.
sshZnIKpcp bqlmt\m≥ am¿ tkthdntbmkv sa{Xmt∏meoØm.
At±lØn¬ \n∂v sshZnIÿm\߃ kzoIcn®p. 1972 apX¬ sIm®n
`{Zmk\Ønepw 1985 apX¬ Ip∂wIpfw `{Zmk\Ønepw hnhn[ CShIIfn¬
tkh\w sNbvXp. 2004 Pqembv 1 apX¬ Xriq¿ `{Zmk\Øn¬ Bembv°¬
Ipfºv, Im°n\n°mSv F∂o CShIIfn¬ tkh\w sNbvXp.
bqlmt\m≥ am¿ tkthdntbmkv ^ut≠j≥, am¿ Zoh∂mtkymkv
]T\tI{µw, Ip∂wIpfw {InkvXy≥ ÃUn sk‚¿, FdWmIpfw N¿®v lnÃdn
Atkmtkyj≥ F∂nhbpsS ÿm]I sNb¿am≥. kotbm≥ ktµiw,
CShI]{XnI F∂o k`m{]kn≤oIcWßfpsS ÿm]I No^v FUn‰¿,
c≠v Uk\ntesd {KŸßfpw Ccp∂q‰nAºXntesd KthjWteJ\ßfpw
{]kn≤oIcn®p. almflmKm‘n k¿hIemimebn¬ dnk¿®v ssKUv Bbpw
Hm¿ØtUmIvkv ÃUn ss__nfns‚ aebmfw ]cntim[I≥ Bbpw ae-¶c
Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv N¿®v lnÃdn Atkm-kn-tb-j≥ {]kn-U-≠mbpw {]h¿Øn-
°p∂p.
bpssW‰Uv t_m¿Uv Hm^v {InkvXy≥ lb¿ FPpt°js‚ [\-
klmbtØmsS tIcfØnseßpap≈ B¿ss°hvkpIfn¬ KthjW]cyS\w
\SØn. am¿ {KotKmdntbmkv A_vZp¬ Peo¬ (1665), am¿ Cuhm\ntbmkv
(1685) F∂nhcpsS kpkvXmØnt°m\pIƒ, am¿ _t€entbmkv b¬sZm
ImtXm-en°mbpsS (1685) ]≈n{Ia∏pkvXI߃, `mcXØnse {]mNo\ sk‚ v
tXmakv ss__nƒ, tXmakv A¿°Znbmt°m≥ (H∂mw am¿tØmΩm)
hØn°m\nte°b® IØv, am¿ AlØ≈m (1653) tKmhbn¬ \n∂v
siΩmi∑m¿ hiw sImSpØb® IØv, Im´paßm´v Iqdntemkns‚ Ip¿-
∫m\XIvk, lqZmb Imt\m≥ 18 A°w Imt\m≥ Bbn hyXymks∏-
SpØphm≥ d^vh¿°v sNbvX Imt\m≥, B¿Øm‰v sNt∏Sv (]Sntbme)
F∂nßs\ ]uckvXy ˛ ]m›mXy kpdnbm\nbnepw I¿tkm\nbnepw hs´gp-
Ønepw FgpXnb H´[nIw k`mNcn{XtcJIƒ Is≠SpØv {]kn≤oIcn®p.
`mcy: sI. hn. GenbmΩ (dn´. slUvankv{Skv). aI≥: tUm. {]kmZv
Noc≥, kv\pj Zo]m {]kmZv. ]u{Xnam¿: F¬km {]kmZv, sS€m {]km-Zv,
enkm aIƒ: tagvkn tPm¿÷v, PmamXmhv: tUm. ]n. sF. tPm¿÷v,
Zuln{X¿: lnam tPm¿÷v, dmWm ]n. tPm¿÷v.
hnemkw: Noc≥ lukv, Ingt° Aßm-Sn, ]g-™n, Xriq¿ Pn√.
t^m¨: 9495603174.
 hmMvapJw
Nne I¨h≥j≥ {]kw-Kß - f- nepw ss__nƒ ¢m€p-If- nepw
{]kw-K-I¿ "UnUmt°'bn¬ \n∂v Nne `mK-߃ D≤-cn-°p∂Xv
A¤pXw hnS¿∂ angnI-tfmsS Ip´n-°m-eØv tI´n-´p-≠v. AXv
aebm-f-Øn¬ e`yambncp-s∂-¶n-se∂v A°m-eØv B{K-ln-®n-
´p-≠v. A°m-e-ß-fn-sem∂pw AXv ]q¿Æ-cq-]-Øn¬ ImWm≥
Ign-™n-√. 1984-˛¬ Bephm bqWn-b≥ {InkvXy≥ tImf-Pn¬
A[ym-]-I-\mbn {]th-in®p. bp.kn. tImfPnse sse{_-dn-bn¬
s]mSn-]n-Sn-®p-In-S-°p∂ Xntbm-fPn imJ-bn¬ UnUm-t°-bpsS
Cw•ojv ]cn-`mj Is≠-Øn. 1985-˛¬ Cu kzX-{¥ -]-cn-`mj
Xøm-dm-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 1988 sabv e°w apX¬ ae-_m¿
kzX{¥ -kp-dn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS "Ip™m-Sp-I-fpsS shfn®w' amkn-
I-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn.
Ct∏mƒ Cu IrXn ]pkvXIcq]-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-∂-
Xn¬ F\n°v kt¥m-j-ap-≠v. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS Bg-
ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw At∏m-kvtXm-enI ss]Xr-I-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw Hcp
sNdnb Ah-t_m[w hmb-\° - m-cn¬ krjvSn-°p-hm≥ Ign-™m¬
Rm≥ [\y-\m-bn.
Fs‚ ]nXm-al
- ≥ dh. ^m. Koh¿Kokv Noc≥ (]-g™n sk‚ v
tacokv ]≈n-bpsS Bbp-jv°me hnIm-cn) Ah¿I-fpsS kvac-
W-bv°mbn Cu eLp-c-N\ hn\-b-]q¿∆w ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≈-s´.

^m. tUm. tPmk^v Noc≥

(hn-h¿Ø-I≥)

bqWnb≥ {InkvXy≥ tImfPv, Bephm

Pqembv 12, 1999
(]p-en-t°m-´n¬ tPmk^v am¿
Zoh-∂m-tkymkv II Nc-a \hXn hm¿jn-Iw)
 Dt]m-ZvLmXw
]pXn-b\ - n-ba Imt\m≥ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂X - n\p apºpXs∂ {InkvXo-
b-k` - b
- n¬ tZhm-eb - hpw Bcm-[\ - I
- fpw ]ptcm-ln-Xÿ - m-\ß
- fpw
cq]-s∏´p Ign-™n-cp∂psh∂v At∏m-kvtXme {]hr-Øn-I-fn-
tebpw hn. ]ueq-kns‚ teJ-\ß - f - n-sebpw ]cm-a¿i-߃ \sΩ
t_m≤y-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. kp]co-£n-X-ßtfm kpkΩXß-tfm
Bbn kzoI-cn-°-s∏-Sm-Ø- kp-hntijßfpw teJ-\-ßfpw
[mcmfw {]Xy-£-s∏-´n-cp∂ Hcp Ime-am-bn-cp∂p AXv. ssZh-
im-kv{X-kn-≤m-¥-߃ Dcp-Øn-cn-™p I-gn-™n-´n-√mØ A°m-
eØv Bcm-[-\-Iƒ°pw hnizm-k-߃°pw {]mtZ-in-Ihpw ]c-a-
kz-X-{¥-ßfpamb \nc-h[n sshhn-[y-߃ D¤-hn-°pI kzm`m-
hnIw am{Xw. A°m-eØp {]mtZ-inI k`-I-fnse Bcm-[-\-
Iƒ°pw A\p-jvTm-\-߃°pw hnizm-k-߃°pw \nbm-a-I-am-
bn-cn-t°-≠p∂ Hcp {]mam-WnI-{K-Ÿw A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂v F√m
{]mtZ-in-I-k-`-Iƒ°pw t_m[y-am-bn. A°m-eØv k©m-c- anj-
\-dn-amcpw {]hm-N-I-∑mcpw D]-tZ-jvSm-°fpw AXn-am-{X -kp-e-`ß-
fmbn-cp-∂p. Ahsc Xncn-®-dn-bp-hm\pw Ah-cpsS D]-tZ-i-Øns‚
D◊bpw sh◊bpw Xncn-®-dn™v Ah-tcm-Sp≈ kao-]\w cq]-
s∏-Sp-Øn-sb-Sp-°p-hm\pw A{]-Imcw Hcp {]mam-Wn-I-{K-Ÿ-Øn\v
Ign-t™-°p-sa∂v Ah¿°p t_m≤y-s∏-´p- ImWWw. BZn-a-
k`-bnse ]e A`n-{]m-b-Ønepw \ne-hm-c-Ønepw ]›mØ-e-
Øn-ep-ap≈ kv\m\m¿∞n-Iƒ°p hnizm-km-\p-jvTm-\-ß-tfm-
sSm∏w {InkvXo-b k - ∑- m¿§-im-kv{X-sØ-∏‰ - nbpw amΩq-Zo-kmbv°p
apºv A[n-Ir-X-ambn {]t_m-[\w \¬tI-≠Xv k`-bpsS I¿Ø-
hy-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu e£y-ß-sf-sb√mw ap≥\n¿Øn cNn-°-
s∏´ eLp- {]m-am-WnI {KŸ-am-Wv UnUm-t°.

{KŸ-\m-aw
"UnUmt°' F∂ t]cn¬ {]kn-≤-amb Cu sIm®p{K-Ÿ-
Øns‚ ]q¿Æ-\maw "]{¥≠v At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cn-eqsS I¿-
Ømhv ]pd-PmXn-Iƒ°v (kv\m-\m¿∞n-Iƒ°v) \¬Ip∂ D]-
tZiw' F∂mWv. kuI-cysØ{]Xn "{]t_m-[\w' F∂¿∞-
8 UnUmt°

ap≈ "UnUmt°' F∂v hnfn-°-s∏´p t]m∂-Xm-Wv. ]pXn-b-\nba

Imt\m≥ cq]-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\p apºv D]-tZ-i-ß-fpsS aqeyhpw
X\nabpw Dc-®p-t\m-°p-hm≥ Cu IrXn Hcp am\-Zfi- a
- mbn kzoI-
cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xp -aq-e-am-I-Ww Cu t]cn¬ At∏m-kvtXm-enI
]cm-a¿iw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Hcp- ]t£ At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cn¬
Nne-cpsS t\XrXzw Cu cN-\-bn¬ {]Xy-£-amtbm ]tcm-£-
amtbm D]-tbm-K-s∏´p F∂v {KŸ-\maw km£n-°p∂p.

{KŸ-Im-c≥
{KŸ-Im-cs‚ \maw C∂pw A⁄m-X-am-Wv. ]e Fgp-Øp-Im-
cp-tSbpw ssIap-{Z-Iƒ Cu IrXn-bn¬ ]Xn-™n-´p-≈-Xmbn Nn¥-
I-∑m¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]pcm-X-\-amb Nne tcJ-Iƒ kam-
l-cn®v Bh-iy-amb an\p-°p-]-Wn-Iƒ \SØn Nne `mK-߃
hnth-N\- m-]q¿∆w Hgn-hm-°nbpw a‰p- Nn-e `
- m-Kß
- ƒ Iq´n-t®¿Øpw
Cu IrXn cNn-°-s∏´psh∂mWv s]mXp-hn¬ hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-
∂-Xv. UnUm-t°-sb-∏‰n ¢nΩokv, AØm-\m-tkymkv, skdm-∏n-
tbm≥ F∂n-h-cpsS cN-\-Ifn¬ kqN-\-Ifp≠v. Ch¿ aq∂p-
t]cpw Ae-Ivkm-{¥n-bm-°m-cm-b-Xn-\mepw B`y-¥-c-amb Nne
kqN-\I- ƒ A\p-Iq-ea - m-bX
- n-\mepw "UnUmt°' AeIvk{- ¥nbm
\K-c-Øn¬ h®v hnc-Nn-X-ambn F∂v Ncn-{X-]-fin-X-∑mcpw \ncq-
]-I-∑mcpw \nco-£n-®n-´p-≠v.

Imew
{KŸ-Im-c-s\-°p-dn-s®-∂-Xp-t]mse {KŸ-Øns‚ cN-\m-Ime-
sØ-∏-‰nbpw CXp-hsc GIm-`n-{]mbw D≠m-bn-°gn™n´n-√. Cu
IrXn I≠p-In-´nb Imew apX¬ Ct∂mfw Ahn-cm-a-ambn
A°mcyw X¿°-hn-j-b-amWv. Nne {]mNo-\- {K-Ÿ-Im-c-∑m-cpsS
kqN-\-I-fn¬\n∂v C{]-Im-c-samcp IrXn \ne-hn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-
Xmbn \ap°v ImWphm≥ Ignbpw. A∂pXs∂ Cu eLp-{KŸw
kp{]-kn-≤hpw kpk-Ω-X-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p. H∂m-asØ temI-
ss{IkvX-h-k-`m- N-cn-{X-Im-c-\mb bqtk-_n-tbmkv1 Xs‚ k`m-
1. bqtk-_n-tbm-kv. F.Un. 260˛¬ P\n-®p. 314˛¬ ssIk-dn-bm-
bnse _nj∏v Bbn. 340˛¬ A¥-cn-®p. 3, 4 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ k`bpsS
UnUmt° 9

N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Cu IrXn-sb-∏‰n ]cm-a¿in-°p∂p≠v. AeIvkm-

{¥n-bm-bnse hn. ¢nΩokv2 Cu IrXnsb thZ-]p-kvX-I-Øn\p
Xpeyw "Xncp-sh-gp-Øp-Iƒ' F∂ hnti-jWw \¬In ]e `mK-
ßfpw A[nIrX-ambn D≤-cn-°p-∂p-≠v. A. D. 325-˛se \nJym-
bn¬ tN¿∂ H∂m-asØ km¿∆-{XnI kp∂-l-tZm-kn¬ Ae-
Ivk-m{¥n-b≥ _nj∏nt\m-Sp-IqSn kw_-‘n®v, Adn-tbm-kns‚
hnizm-k-hn-]-co-X-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn A{]-Xn-tcm-[y-amb sImSp-¶m-
‰-gn-®p-hn´v k`-bn¬ {InkvXp-im-kv{XsØ kw_-‘n® ASn-
ÿm\w hy‡-am-°nb hn. am¿ AØm-\m-tkymkv hnizm-k-
]Tn-Xm-°ƒ°mbn Cu IrXn ip]m¿i sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p. At±-
l-Øns‚ ka-Im-en-I-\mb hn. skdm-∏n-tbm≥ Xs‚ {]m¿∞\-
]p-kvX-I-Øn¬ Cu IrXn-bnse Hcp `mKw tN¿Ø-Xmbn ImWp-
∂p-≠v. ]pXn-b-\n-b-a-Øn\v shfn-bn-ep≈ ss{IkvX-h- km-lnXy
tcJ-I-fpsS {]mNo-\-X-a-amb amXr-I-bmbn Cu IrXnsb \ncq-]-
I-∑m¿ AwKo-I-cn-°p-∂p. A.D. 150-t\mS-Sp-Ø- ImeØmWv Cu
eLp -{KŸw cNn-°-s∏-´-sX∂v Ah¿ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p∂p.
F∂m¬ Cu IrXn-sb-∏‰n X¿°-an-√mØ Nne kwK-Xn-I-
fp≠v. Ah Xmsg tN¿°p∂p:
1. H∂p- ap-X¬ 6 hsc-bp≈ A[ym-b-߃ {InkvXp-hn-\p-
apºp≈ blq-Z-k-`-bpsS thZ-]-T-\-{K-Ÿ-am-Im≥ km[y-X-bp-≠v.
2. B {]mNo\ [m¿Ωn-I-{]-am-W-߃°p {InkvXo-b-X-bpsS
\ndw Nm¿Øn, BZy-Im-esØ kv\m\m¿∞n-I-ƒ°p≈ {]t_m-
[-\- ]mT]pkvX-I-ambn D]-tbm-Kn-°-Ø-°-hn[w {KŸ-I¿Ømhv
Bh-iy-amb hyXym-k-߃ hcp-Øn-bn-cn-°mw.

hnizm-khpw Ncn-{Xhpw cq]-s∏-´p-h-cp∂ Ime-am-bn-cp-∂p. A°m-esØ

k`m-N-cn{X kw`-h-ß-sf-∏-‰nbpw ss{IkvXh¿ A\p-`-hn® ]oU-I-
sf-∏-‰nbpw ]e Iu¨kn-ep-I-sf-∏-‰nbpw B[n-Im-cn-I-amb ka-Im-e-
km£yw Xs‚ k`m-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂p-≠v.
2. ¢nΩo-kv. F.Un. 185 apX¬ Ae-Ivkm-{¥y-m-bn-se {]kn-≤-amb
ssZh-imkv{X hnZym-]o-T-Ønse A≤ym-]-I≥ ]m‚o-\-kns‚ injy≥.
hn. Hmdn-K¨ ]nXm-hns‚ Kpcp-\m-Y≥. F.Un. 215˛¬ A¥-cn-®p.
10 UnUmt°

3. Ggp- apX¬ ]Xn-\m-dp -hsc A[ym-b-ß-fp≈ c≠mw- `mKw

k`m-\n-b-a-ß-fpsS AXn-{]m-No\ Imt\m-\m-Iƒ Iq´n-t®¿Øv
Ahn-S-hnsS Nne Nn√d ]cn-jv°m-c-߃ hcpØn bpKm-¥y-
ssZh-im-kv{X-sØ-°p-dn®v kz¥-ambn Hc-≤ymbw Fgp-Xn-t®¿Øv
kam-l¿Ømhv FUn‰v sNbvXn-´p-≠v.
\sΩ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw ss{IkvX-h-k-`-bpsS BZy-Ime
-\nb-a-ßfpw kz`m-h-ssi-en-Ifpw ]cn-c-£n®v tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb
{KŸ-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ AXp-ey-amb Xmev]cyhpw IuXp-Ihpw
DW¿Øp∂ Hcp {]am- W - { K- Ÿ - a mWv . H∂mw \q‰m- ≠ ns‚
A¥yØntem c≠mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ ]q¿∆m¿≤-Øntem kndn-
bm-bntem CuPn-]v‰ntem D≈ {]mNo-\-X-a-amb BZn-a-k-`-bpsS
hnizm-k-]-chpw Bcm-[-\m-]-c-hp-amb Pohn-XsØ Cu IrXn
{]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv Cu \q‰m-≠nse FIyp-sa-\n-°¬
cwK-Øp≈ {]h¿Ø-Isc BI¿jn-°p∂ {]k‡ hnj-ba - mWv.
At∏m-kvtXm-enI Ime-L-´-Øn\pw kwL-S-\m-]-c-ambn k`
hnImkw {]m]n® c≠mw \q‰m-≠n\pw CS-bn¬ {InkvXo-b- k`
]pe¿Øn- b n- c p∂ hnizm- k m- \ p- j v T m- \ - ß sf {]Xy- £ - a mbn
km£y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ GI- k-a-Im-e -c-N-\-bpsS tcJ F∂
ÿm\w CXns‚ ]T-\o-b-Xsb A\n-hm-cy-am-°p-∂p. k©m-c-
anj-\-dn-am¿ Xs∂ {]mtZ-in-I-k-`-I-fpsS Npa-X-e-°m-cm-bn-cp∂
Hcp CS°mesØ Cu IrXn A\m-h-cWw sNøp-∂p. F∏n-
kvt°m-∏-∑mcpw ]ptcm-ln-X-∑m-cmb Iio-i-amcpw Htc ]utcm-
ln-Xy-ÿm-\n-Iƒ Bbn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Cu IrXn Dss®-kvXcw
DXvtLm-jn-°p-∂p.
IpkvX-¥o-t\m-t∏m-eo-knse Hcm-{i-a-Øn¬ {]mNo-\- {K-Ÿ-
ti-J-c-Øn¬ \n∂v 1873-˛¬ CXv Is≠-Sp-°-s∏-´p. A.D. 1056˛¬
{Ko°nse-gp-Xnb ]I¿∏m-bn-cp∂p AXv. \q‰n-C-cp-]Xp XpI¬-
Xmfp-If- nembn Fgp-Xs
- ∏´ Cu {KŸ-ka- p-®b
- Ø
- n¬ "UnUmt°'-
tbmsSm∏w _¿W-_m-kn-s‚bpw am¿ ¢nΩo-kn-s‚bpw4 teJ-
3

\-ßfpw am¿ C·m-Øn-tbm-kn-s‚5 IØp-Ifpw Dƒs∏-´n-cp-∂p.

1883-˛¬ UnUmt° {]kn-≤o-Ir-X-am-bn. XpS¿∂p≈ N¿®-I-
fnepw ]T-\-ß-fnepw Cu IrXn-bpsS km∂n[yw Kth-j-W-
3. _¿W_m-kv. Ct±lw ]ueq-kns‚ kl-N-c-\mb _¿W_m-
sk∂v Ae-Ivkm-{¥y-m-bnse ¢nΩokv A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. C°mcyw
hnhm-Z- hn-j-b-amWv. _¿W-_m-kns‚ teJ\w F.Un. 130˛t\m-S-SpØv
UnUmt° 11

hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p Hcaqey\n[n-bmbn A\p-`-h-s∏´p. ss{IkvX-

h-k-`-bpsS c≠mw Xe-ap-dbnse {]mNo-\-X-I-sf-∏‰n t\cn´v
kwkm-cn-°p∂ GI ka-Im-eo-\-tc-J-sb∂ \ne-bn¬ Ghcpw
AXns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw {]mam-Wn-I-Xbpw AwKo-I-cn-®p -I-gn-™n-
´p-≠v. Ahn-`‡
- - ss{I-kvXh
- k-`b
- psS s]mXp-]m-cº
- c
- y-߃ Gh-
sb∂v {]Jym-]n-°p∂ Cu IrXn FIyp-sa-\n°¬ hrØ-ß-
fn¬ ]T-\-hn-j-b-am-°m-hp∂ H∂m-Wv. ]ckv]cw ]gn- ]-d-bp∂
k`-Iƒ Xß-fpsS Ahn-`-‡- ]m-c-º-cy-߃ Fs¥∂p £am-
]q¿∆w Dƒs°m-≠n-cp-∂psh-¶n¬ kss`-Iy-{]-ÿm-\-߃°p
AsXmcp henb Du¿÷w BIp-am-bn-cp∂p. C\nbpw AXn\v
ka-b-ap-≠v. CS-°m-eØv \mw [cn®p ioen® IÆ-S-Iƒ am‰n-
h®v Cu IrXn A\m-h-cWw sNøp∂ s]mXp-ss]-Xr-I-Øns‚
thcp-Isf BZ-c-]q¿∆w AwKo-I-cn-°m-sa-¶n¬ hcpw\q‰m-≠n-se-
¶nepw ss{IkvX-h-k-`-Iƒ°p ]c-kv]cw a\-€n-em-°p-hm\pw
BZ-cn-°p-hm-\p-ap≈ Hcp `qanI Dcp-Øn-cn-™p- h-cpw.

cNn-°-s∏-´-Xmbn hniz-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. F.Un. 70˛se tdmans‚ ]X\w

]cm-a¿in-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ F.Un. 70 apX¬ F.Un. 130 hsc GXp h¿j-
hp-am-Imw.
4. am¿ ¢nΩokv. F.Un. 90 apX¬ 100 hsc tdmanse F∏n-kvtIm∏m.
96˛¬ sImcn-¥y¿°p teJ-\-sa-gp-Xn. 101˛¬ c‡-km-£n-bm-bn. kpdn-
bm\n k` 5˛mw Xp_vtZ-\n¬ Cu hnip-≤s\ Hm¿°p-∂p. BNm-cyXzw,
IqZm-i-Iƒ F∂o hnj-b-ß-sf-∏‰n [mcmfw teJ-\-߃ Fgp-Xn.
Ct±-l-Øns‚ F´p teJ-\-߃ ]pXnb\nba Imt\ms‚ `mK-ambn
kpdn-bm-\n-k` AwKo-I-cn-®n-´p-≠v.
5. am¿ C·m-Øn-tbmkv \qtdm-t\m. A·n-a-b≥ F∂v A¿∞w.
At¥ym-Jy-bnse aq∂m-asØ _nj-∏v. tdman¬ h®v 107˛¬ c‡-
km£n-bm-bn. Ft^-ky, at·-jy, {Smen, tdmw, ^nem-sU¬^n-bm,
kvan¿Wm F∂n-hn-S-ß-fn-sebpw hn. t]mfn-°m¿t∏m-kn\pw teJ-\-
߃ Fgp-Xn. 5˛mw Xp_vtZ-\n¬ kpdn-bm-\n-k` At±-lsØ Hm¿-
°p∂p. BNm-cy-ÿm-\-ßsf \n¿hNn-°p-Ibpw hn. Ip¿∫m-\-bpsS
Hu∂XysØ∏‰n ]Tn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.
12 UnUmt°

D≈-S°w
D≈-S°w {]am-Wn®v UnUm-t°sb c≠mbn Xncn-®n-´p-≠v.
BZysØ Bdv A≤ym-b-߃ AS-ßn-b-XmWv H∂mw `mKw.
AXn\v "Pohs‚ hgn' F∂v t]¿. tijn® `mKw k`m-]-cn-
t{]£yw (Church Manual) F∂v Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. H∂mw `mK-
Ønse Bdv A[ym-b-ßfpw AXo-h -{l-kz-ß-fm-Wv. 7 apX¬ 16
hsc-bp≈ c≠mw `mKØnse A[ym-b-ßfpw {lkz-߃ Xs∂.
BZy A[ym-b-Øn¬ {kjvSm-hn-s\bpw Ab¬°m-c-s\bpw
kvt\ln-t°-≠p-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p∂p. ASpØ aq∂v
A≤ym-b-߃ ss{IkvXh km∑m¿KnI {]am-W-ß-sf-∏‰n {]Xn-
]m-Zn-°p-∂p. \ymb-{]-am-W-Øn-s‚bpw Kncn-{]-`mjW-Øn-s‚bpw
ssien-bnemWv Ah-bpsS cN-\. hnj-bmhX-cW-Ønepw Ah
]Øp- I-ev]-\-I-sfbpw Kncn-{]-`m-j-W-ß-sfbpw A\p-kva-cn-
∏n°pw. 5˛mw A[ymbw ac-W-h-gn-sb-∏‰n {]kvXm-hn-°p∂p. 6˛mw
A[ymbw H∂mw `mK-Øns‚ D]-kw-lm-c-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ \n_-
‘n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
c≠mw -`mKw Ggma[ym-b-tØm-sS Bcw-`n-°p-∂p. BZy- {]Xn-
]m-Z\w amΩq-Zo-km-sb-∏-‰n-bm-Wv. 8˛mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ {]m¿∞-
\bpw D]-hm-k-hp-amWv N¿®m-hn-j-b-߃. HºXpw ]Øpw
A[ym-b-߃ hn. Ip¿∫m-\-sb-∏-‰n-bp≈ ]T-\hpw \n¿t±-i-
ßfpw {]m¿∞-\-I-fp-am-Wv. k`-bnse {]hm-N-I-∑m-tcmSpw D]-
tZ-jvSm-°-tfmSpw k` GsXms° hn[-ß-fn-emWv {]Xn-I-cn-t°-
≠sX∂v ]Xn-s\m∂pw ]{¥≠pw ]Xn-aq∂pw A[ym-b-߃
]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. I≈-{]-hm-NI
- ∑- msc Xncn-®d
- n-bp-hm-\p≈ Nne ]co-
£-W-߃ AhnsS \¬In-bn-´p≠v. I¿Ør-Zn-\-Ønse Bcm-[-
\-sb-∏‰n ]Xn-\memw A[ym-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-∂p. ]Xn-
\©mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ {]mtZ-in-I-k-`-bpsS A[y-£-∑m-cmb
F∏n-kvtIm-∏-∑m-scbpw siΩm-i-∑m-scbpw kw_-‘n®v Nne
hne-s∏´ hnh-c-߃ \¬Ip-∂p. bpKm-¥- ssZ-h-imkv{Xw kw_-
‘n®v GXm\pw Dƒ°mgvN Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p∂ ]Xn-\mdmw A[ym-
b-tØmsS UnUm-t°-bpsS c≠mw `mKw Ah-km-\n-°p-∂p.
UnUmt° 13

D≈-S°w
hmMvapJw 5
Dt]m-ZvLmXw 7
H∂mw `mKw 15
c≠mw `mKw: k`m-]-cn-t{]£yw 25
Didache: English Translation 40
14 UnUmt°

UnUmt°:
]{¥≠v At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-cneqsS I¿Ømhv
Ahn-izm-kn-Iƒ°p \¬Ip∂ {]t_m-[\w
(H∂mw `mKw)
UnUmt° 15

A≤ymbw 1
c≠p- h-gn-Iƒ
Poh-t‚Xpw ac-W-Øn-t‚-Xp-amb c≠p hgn-Iƒ1 D≠v. Cu
c≠p ]mX-Iƒ°pw XΩn¬ henb A¥-c-am-Wp-≈-Xv.
Pohs‚ ]mX CXm-Ip-∂p: BZy-ambn \ns‚ {kjvSm-hmb
ssZhsØ kvt\ln-°p-I. c≠m-a-Xmbn \ns‚ Ab¬°m-cs\
\ns∂-t∏mse kvt\ln-°p-I.2 \nt∂mSv \o sNøm-Ø-sXm∂pw
as‰m-cp-h-t\mSv \o sNø-cp-Xv. Cu {]t_m-[-\-Øns‚ kmcw
CXm-Ip-∂p. \nßsf i]n-°p-∂-hsc \n߃ A\p-{K-ln-®p-
sImƒhn≥. i{Xp-°ƒ°p-th≠n {]m¿∞n-°p-Ibpw3 ]oU-I¿°p-
th≠n D]-h-kn-°p-Ibpw thWw. \nßsf kvt\ln-°p-∂-h¿°p
1. "Poh-I-cw-˛-ar-Xn-I-c-sa-t∂hw
I≠n-cp-k-c-Wn-Iƒ klt-Z-∑m¿
\qX-\amw Pohn-X-am¿÷n-∏m≥
Zp¿L-S-am¿§w Imw£n-t®m¿-˛-Zp-jvS-m-flmshmSp ]S-sh´n
Pb-tam-tS-dn-∏-d-bp∂p: Bh-iy-°m¿°m-{i-bhpw
`‡-∑m¿°-\p-Km-an-bpamw I¿Øm-hn≥ \maw [\yw.'
ae-¶c Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`bpsS _p[-\mgvN {]`m-X-\-a-kv°m-
c-Ønse Cu Km\w cNn® `‡-I-hnsb i‡-ambn kzm[o-\n® Bi-
bamWv UnUm-t°-bnse Cu `mKw.
2. hn. am¿t°m-kns‚ kphn-tijw 12:30, 31.
3. hn. aØmbn 5:44-˛48. alm-flm-Km‘n `K-h-XvKo-X-sb-t∏mepw
hymJym-\n-®Xv Kncn-{]-`m-j-WsØ B[m-c-am-°n-bm-Wv. k®n-Zm-\-µ≥
Fgp-Xp∂p: ""Hcp sNIn-S-Ø-Sn-®m¬ adp-sN-InSpw ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-
∂-XmWv sslµ-h-[¿Ω-sa∂v'' Km‘nPn KoXsb hymJym-\n-®p (k®n-
Zm-\-µs‚ IrXn-Iƒ, ]p. 268). Km‘nPn Fgp-Xp-∂p: ""... F∂m¬
]pXnb\nb-a-Øns‚ IY AX√, AsXs∂ hfsc BI¿jn-®p.
{]tXy-In®pw B Kncn-{]-`m-jWw t\cn´v lrZ-b-Øn¬Xs∂ Xd-®p.
Rm\-Xns\ KoX-tbmSv Xmc-X-ay-s∏-Sp-Øn. "F∂m¬ Rm≥ \nß-tfmSp
]d-bp-∂p. \n߃ Xn∑-tbm-sS-Xn¿°m-Xn-cn-°p-I. \nßfpsS hetØ
sNIn-Sn¬ Bsc-¶nepw ASn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬ CS-tØXpw Ah¿°p
ImWn-®p-sIm-Sp-°p-I. Bsc-¶nepw \nß-fpsS Ip∏mbw FSp-°p-∂p-
sh-¶n¬ Abmƒ°v \nß-fpsS tae-¶n -IqsS sImSp-°p-I.' Cu `mK-
߃ Fs∂ AXn-cn-√msX B\-µn-∏n-®p'' ("XXz-Nn-¥bpw aXhpw',
alm-flm-Km‘n, ]p. 242).
16 UnUmt°

kvt\lw Xncn®p \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ F¥p alXzw BWp-≈-Xv?

Ahn-izm-kn-Ifpw A{]-Imcw sNøp-∂p≠t√m. \nßsf shdp-
°p-∂-hs\ kvt\ln-®p-sImƒI. At∏mƒ \n߃°p i{Xp-°ƒ
C√m-sX-bm-Ipw. `uXn-Ihpw imco-cn-I-hp-amb Xo{h-tam-l-ß-fn¬
\n∂v hn´p-am-dn-s°mƒI. \ns‚ he-tØ- I-hn-fn¬ ASn-°p-∂-
hs‚ t\sc at‰ Ihnfpw Xncn®p ImWn-°p-I. At∏mƒ \n߃
k¬Kp-W- k-ºq¿Æ-cm-bn-Øo-cpw. Hcp \mgn-I-t\cw A\p-bm{X
sNbvhm≥ \n¿_-‘n-°p-∂h - t- \m-sSm∏w c≠p \mgnI A\p-bm{X
sNøm≥ \n߃ k∂-≤X ImWn-°-Ww.4 \nß-fpsS ]pdw-
Ip∏mbw FSp-°p-∂-hs\ XS-b-cp-Xv. Ah\v \nß-fpsS AIsØ-
Ip-∏mbw IqSn sImSptØ°-Ww. \nß-fpsS hkvXp-hI - I
- ƒ Bsc-
¶nepw ssIh-i-s∏-Sp-Øn-bm¬ AXv aS-°n-Øcp-hm≥ Bh-iy-
s∏-S-cp-Xv.
5
Bsc-¶nepw Fs¥-¶nepw \nß-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ AXv
Ah¿°v sImSp-∏n≥. Xncn®v Bh-iy-s∏-Sc
- p-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬ Xs‚
Zm\-߃ F√m-h¿°pwth≠n hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-S-W-sa∂v
\nß-fpsS kz¿§-ÿ-\mb ]nXmhv C—n-°p∂p. Iev]\{]Imcw
Zm\-[¿Ωw sNøp-∂-h\v `mKyw. Ah≥ \njvI-f-¶-\-t{X.
Zm\w kzoI-cn-°p-∂h\v Atøm- IjvSw! AXym-hi
- ysØ{]Xn
Ah≥ Zm\w kzoI-cn°p∂psh-¶n¬ Ah≥ Ip‰-an-√m-Ø-h≥
BIp∂p. A√m-Ø-]£w Ah≥ \ymb-hn-[nsb A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-
t°≠n hcpw. F¥p-sIm-≠v, F¥n\p th≠n Zm\w kzoI-c-n®p-
sh∂v Ah≥ kam-[m\w t_m[-n∏n-t°-≠n -h-cpw. Xr]vXn-I-c-
amb kam-[m\w t_m[n-∏n-°mØ]£w XS-hn-em-°-s∏Spw.
Ahs‚ BkvXn-Ifpw sNbvXn-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[-\bv°p hnt[-b-
am-Ipw. Ah-km-\sØ Nn√n-°mip t]mepw sImSp-Øp-Xo¿-
°msX Ah≥ ]pd-Øp-h-cn-I-bn-√. B¿°mWv Zm\w sNtø-≠Xv-
F-∂d - n-bp∂Xphsc \ns‚ `qX-Zb {]h¿Ø\cln-Xa - m-bn-cn-°s´
F∂v CXp kw_-‘-ambn ]d-b-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.

4. hn. aØmbn 5:38˛42.

5. hn. aØm-bn-bpsS kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ A©mw A≤ym-b-Øn¬
tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønb Kncn-{]-`m-j-W-Ønse ssien-tbm-Sp-≈ Bi-b-]-
chpw {]Xn-]m-Z\]c-hp-amb kmayw {it≤-b-am-Wv. Kncn-{]-`m-j-W-
Øns‚ Hc-\p-_-‘-ambn Cu `mKsØ IW-°m-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.
UnUmt° 17

A≤ymbw 2
{]t_m-[-\-Ønse c≠mw Iev]\ C{]-Im-c-am-bn-cp∂p:
"\o sIme sNø-cp-Xv,6 B¨Ip-´n-Isf hj-fm°n tkmtZmay
]m]w- sN-ø-cp-Xv. hnhm-l-]q¿h ssewKnIthgvN-I-fn¬ G¿s∏-
S-cp-Xv, tamjvSn°cpXv, -PmehnZy-Iƒ ]cn-io-en-°-cp-Xv. am{¥n-I-
hn-Zy-Iƒ A`y-kn-°-cp-Xv. K¿`-—n-{Zw -hgn {`qW-lXy sNø-cp-Xv.
P\n® DSs\ sIm√p-Ibpw Acp-Xv. Ab¬°m-cs‚ hkvXp-h-I-
Isf B{K-ln-°c - p-Xv. I≈-km£n ]d-bc - p-Xv. Ak-Xy-i] - Y
- ß- ƒ
{]Jym-]n-°b - p-ac
- p-Xv. Xn∑- kwkm-cn-°p-Itbm ]I Icp-Xn-hb - v°p-
Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. \nß-fpsS CS-bn¬ Ccp-lr-Zbhpw Ccp`mj-
Whpw D≠m-h-cpXv. Ccp-`m-jWw amc-I-amb sIWn-bm-Ip∂p.
\nß-fpsS `mj-Ww, hy¿∞tam hn^-etam BImsX I¿Ω]Y-
Øn¬ Ahsb km£m-Xv°-cn-°-Ww. \n߃ AXym-{K-ln-Itfm
]nSn-®p-]d- n-°mtcm I]-St- hjw A`n-\b - n-°p-∂h - tcm ZpjvS_- p≤n-
7
Itfm Al- ¶ m- c n- I tfm BI- c pXv . \nß- f psS Ab¬°m-
cs\Xncmbn IpX-{¥-߃ Bkq-{XWw sNø-cp-Xv.
6. ]pd-∏mSv 20:13˛18 hsc-bp≈ hmIy-߃ {i≤n-°p-I. ]Øp- Iev]-
\-Iƒ°p \¬Inb Nne D]-N´ßƒ°p Kncn-{]-`m-j-W-Øns‚ ssien-
tbm-Sp≈ km[¿Ωyw ]T-\o-bw. Ime-tZi ]cn-X-xÿn-Xn-Iƒ°\p-
tbm-Py-ambn aX\nb-a-ßsf Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-hm-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw
{KŸ-I¿Ømhv D]-tbm-Kn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.
7. c‡-km-£n-I-fpsS \Kcw F∂v {]kn≤-amb anbm-^n¿°m-
Øn¬ h®v (Im¿tØPv Bhmw Cu \K-cw. "ZotØm-Zp-skm-lsZ'
F∂v kpdn-bm-\n-bn¬ {]kn-≤w) Hcp bmt°m_v sa{Xm-t∏m-eoØm
cNn-®Xpw kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bnepw ae-¶-c-k-`-bnepw C∂pw {]tbm-K-Øn-
ep-≈Xp-amb Aam-temKn-bm-bn¬ (]q¿Æ-siΩmi-t‚tbm I»o-im-
bp-tStbm ]´w-sIm-S-bn¬ \S-Øp-hm-\p-≈ hnizm-k-{]-t_m-[-\w)
ImWp∂ D]-tZ-i߃°v Cu `mK-tØm-Sp≈ kam-\X \sΩ A¤p-
X-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Aam-tem-Knb AXns‚ cN\mImeØv kv\m\m¿∞n-
Iƒ°p≈ {]t_m-[\w Bbn-cp-∂n-cn-°-Ww. sshZn-I¿°pw taev∏-´-
°m¿°p-ap≈ hnizmk{]Xn-⁄bv°p "i¬aqkm' F∂ t]cn¬
as‰mcp {]t_m[\w cNn-t°≠n h∂-Xv, X∑qeambn-cn-°mw. kv\m\m-
¿∞n-Iƒ {]mtbW inip-°ƒ am{X-am-b-t∏mƒ kv\m\m¿∞n-I-fpsS
Aa-mtem-Knbm I»o-i-∑m¿°pw sshZnIcpsS s]mXp- i¬aqkm
taev∏-´-°m¿°pw F∂v ]nev°m-eØv \nb-X-am-b-Xm-Imw.
18 UnUmt°

A≤ymbw 3
Fs‚ Ipt™ Xn∑-sbbpw AXns\ CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂-h-scbpw
hn´p AI-∂psImƒI. tIm]m-thiw D≈-h-cm-I-cp-Xv. F∂m¬
tIm]w sIme-]m-X-I-Øn-tet°m Akq-bbn-tet°m hmKzm-Z-
ß-fn-tet°m hnIm-c-]-c-amb A‘-X-bn-tet°m \nßsf \bn-
°m-\n-S-bp-≠v. Ch-sb√mw sIme-]m-X-IsØ £Wn-®p -h-cp-
Øp∂p.
Fs‚ aI-t\, \o Imam-thiw shSn-™p-sImƒI. Fs¥-∂m¬
AXp \ns∂ Ahn-ln-X-_-‘-ßfn-te°p hgn \S-Øn-tb°mw.
Ak-Xy-`m-j-W-ß-fn-te°v AXp \ns∂ \bn-t®-°pw. AXn¬
IÆp-h-bv°p-∂-h-s\m-s°bpw hy`n-Nm-c-Øn¬ ]Xn-°pw.
Fs‚ aI-t\, \o hn{K-l-hym-]mcn BI-cp-Xv. AXp \ns∂
hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-te°p \bn-°pw. Pme-hn-Zybpw tPm’yhpw
am{¥n-I-hn-Zy-Ifpw ImWp-Itbm tIƒ°p-Itbm sNøm≥ \o
B{K-ln-°-cp-Xv. Ah \ns∂ hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bn-te°p \bn-
t®°pw.
Fs‚ aIt\ \o Ak-Xy-`m-j-I≥ BI-cp-Xv. AXp \ns∂
tamj-W-Øn-te°p \bn°pw. AXym-{K-l-Øn-te°pw \nK-fØn-
te°pw AXp \ns∂ hen-®n-g-bv°pw. Ah-bpsS kzm`m-hnI
]cn-Wmaat{X tamj-Ww.
aIt\ \o ]ndp-]n-dp-°-cp-Xv, B ioew \ns∂ Ahn-ip-≤- `mj-
W-ß-fn-te°p \bn-°pw. A{]-Imcw Xs∂ A`n-{]m-b-{]-I-S-\-
ßfn¬ \o [mcmfn BI-cp-Xv. ZpjvS-Nn-¥-Iƒ D≈n¬ hf¿Ø-
cp-Xv. Ahbpw \ns∂ Aip≤ `mj-W-ß-fn-te°p \bn-°m-hp-
∂-X-t{X.
`qan-sb Ah-Im-iambn A\p-`-hn-t°-≠-p∂Xn\v \o kuayX
]cn-io-en-t°-Ww.8 kln-jvW-pX, kl-Xm-]w, h©\-bn-√m-bva,
8. hn. aØmbn 5.5 Aa-tem-Knbmbnse kwt_m-[-\bpw Bflob
aI-t\, {]nb a°sf F∂p -X-s∂-bm-Wv. ]gb\nb-a I-ev]-\-Isf
Bg-s∏-SpØn Hcp ]pXnb k∑m¿§ imkv{Xw cNn-°p-hm-\p-≈ {ia-
amWv Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ ImWp-∂Xv.
UnUmt° 19

{]im-¥X, \∑-bpsS aqey-߃ F∂n-h- \n∂n¬ kZm hf-cs´.

\n\°p e`n-®n-´p≈ D]-tZi hN-\-ßsf _lp-am-\n-∏m≥ ad-°-
bp-a-cp-Xv.
Bfl-{]-iw-km-]-c-amb `mj-W-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hgn-™n-cn-
t°Ww. ap≥hn-[n-tbmSp IqSn Btcbpw kao-]n-°-cp-Xv. {]i-
kvXn-bp-≈-h-tcmSp IqsS kl-h-kn-°p-∂-Xnepa[nIw A`n-Im-
ay-amWv kXy-k-‘-Xbpw hn\-bhpw D≈ Iq´p-Im-tcm-Sp -Iq-sS-
bp-≈ hmkw F∂v Icp-Xn-s°m-≈-Ww.
ssZhw Adn-bm-sX -bmsXm∂pw kw`-hn-°p-I-bn√ F∂p-≈
Dd® hnizm-k-tØmsS \ns∂ A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p∂ F√m A\p-
`-h-ß-sfbpw \∑ F∂ \ne-bn¬ kzoI-cn-t°-Ww.
20 UnUmt°

A≤ymbw 4
ssZhhN\w \nt∂mSp kwkm-cn-°p-∂-hsc \o cm]-I¬,
Fs‚ aI-t\, Hm¿t°-Ww.9 I¿Øm-hns\ _lp-am-\n-°p-∂-Xp-
t]mse Ahsc _lp-am-\n-°-Ww. F¥psIm-s≠-∂m¬ ssZh-
kz-`mhw {]kw-K-hn-j-b-am-hp-∂n-S-sØ√mw ssZh-w k-∂n-ln-X-
\m-Wv. Zn\w-{]Xn hnip≤∑mcpsS apJw tXSn Ah-cpsS Iq´m-
bva-bn¬ tN¿∂psImƒI. Ah-cpsS {]`m-j-W-߃ \ns‚
_p≤n°v Blmcw Bbn-Øo-c-s´.
hn`m-Ko-bX
- I
- sf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°pItbm hn`-P\tlXp-hmbn
Xocp-Itbm sNø-cp-Xv. {]XypX ]S-sh-´p-∂-hsc tbmPn-∏n-te°p
D]\bn-°-Ø-°-hn[w \o kam-[m\{]nb≥ Bbn-cn-t°Ww.
\ns‚ hn[n-{]-kvXmh-\Iƒ \oXn-bpsS ]m›m-Ø-e-Øn¬ Bbn-
cn-°s´; iIm-cß - ƒ apJ-]£
- tam `btam IqSmsX Bbn-cn-°s´.
Ccp-a-\-€ns‚ Nm©-eyw \ns‚ Xocp-am-\-ßsf Zp¿∫-e-s∏-Sp-
Ø-cp-Xv.
Zm\w kzoI-cn-°p-hm≥ ssI\o-´p-Ibpw Zm\w sNøm-\m-h-iy-
amb L´-ß-fn¬ ssIhn-c¬ hen-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ Bfp-I-
tfmSv \o kZr-iy-\m-I-cp-Xv.
\ns‚ ssII-fpsS A[zm\w ^e-kº - q¿Æ-am-Ip-tºmƒ \ns‚
A[¿Ω߃°p {]mb-›n-Ø-ambn Zm\w sNtø-Ww. Zm\w
sNøp-∂-Xn¬ DZm-ko-\-am-I-cp-Xv. Zm\w sNøp-tºmƒ ]ndp-]n-dp-
°-cp-Xv. Fs¥-∂m¬ \√ Iqen \evIp∂ bP-am-\s\ \o Adn-
tb-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂p. Bh-iy°mc≥ \ns‚ apºn¬ \n∂v \ncm-i-
tbmsS A\m-Y-\mbn ]n¥n-cn™p t]mhm≥ CS-bm-h-cp-Xv.
F∂mtem \ns‚ ktlm-Z-c-\v \ns‚ F√m \∑-bnepw kºm-Zy-
Ønepw ]¶m-fnXzw A\p-h-Zn-t°Ww. \ns‚ kºm-Zy-ß-fpsS
DS-a-ÿ≥ \o BsW∂v `mhn-°-cp-Xv. A\-iz-c-k-º-Øn¬ \nß-
sfm∂n®v Hml-cn-°m-cm-Im-\p-≈-h-sc-¶n¬ ChnsS \iz-c-k-ºm-
Zy-Øn¬ ]¶p-Im-cm-Ip-hm≥ \n߃°p F{Xbpw \ymb-am-Ip-∂p.
9. F{_m-b -te-J\w 13:17 ("\mw ssZh-kp-X-∑m-cm-hm≥ Bbp-jv°m-
e-Øn¬sNm-√n-Ø-∂- Xm-Xsctbm¿t°Ww' F∂ Km\w Hm¿°p-I).
UnUmt° 21

ssiihw apX¬ \ns‚ aI-s\bpw aI-sfbpw ssZh-`-b-Øn¬

]cn-io-en-∏n-t°Ww.10 A°m-cy-Øn¬ Dt]-£tbm DZm-ko-\-
Xtbm D≠m-I-cp-Xv.
\ns∂-t∏mse Xs∂, ssZh-Øn¬ {]Xym-i -h-®n-cn-°p∂
ho´p-th-e-°m-c-t\mtSm the-°m-cn-tbmtSm \n¿±-b-ambn Iev]n-
°-cp-Xv. (\n¿±-b-amb \ns‚ Iev]-\- aq-ew) Ah-cpsS ssZh-
`bw AkvX-an-°m-Xn-cn-°-s´. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ I¿Ømhv
Bfl-mhn-ep≈ Hcp-°-a-√msX apJ-]-£-tam -ÿm\ hep-∏-Øn-
ep≈ A¥-ctam t\m°n-b√ a\p-jysc hnfn-∏m≥ h∂-Xv.
the-°m-tc, ssZh-Øns‚ {]Xn-\n-[n-Isf F∂-t]mse \nß-
fpsS bP-am-\-∑msc _lp-am-\tØmsS A\p-k-cn-∏n≥. 11
kI-e-hn[ I]-S-`m-h-tØbpw I¿Øm-hn\v {]kmZa-√mØ
F√m-Øn-t\bpw \o shdp-t°-Ww. I¿Øm-hns‚ {]am-W-ßsf
Ah-K-Wn-°-cp-Xv. B D]-tZ-i-ßsf `{Z-ambn ]men-®p-sIm-
t≈Ww. AXn-t\mSv Fs¥-¶nepw Iq´n-t®¿°p-Itbm AXn¬
\n∂v Aev]sa-¶nepw Ipd-®p-I-fbp-Itbm Acp-Xv.
]≈n-bn¬ Ip‰-ßsf{]Xn Ipº-km-cn-t°-Ww.12 Ahn-ip-≤-
a\- k m- £ n- b p- a mbn Bcm- [ - \ - b n¬ ]s¶- S p- ° - c p- X v . CXt{X
Pohs‚ am¿§w.

10. "_me≥ \S-t°≠p-∂- h-gn-bn¬ Ahs\ A`y-kn-∏n-°pI' (ie-

tams‚ hmIyw).
11. Ft^-ky¿ 6:5.
12. ]m]-߃ G‰p]d™p Ip‰-an-√mØ a\x-€m-£n-bp-ambn Bcm-
[-\-bn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°pI F∂ k{º-Zm-b-Øn\v At∏m-kvtXm-enI Ime-
tØmfw ]g-°-ap-≠v. ]m]w G‰p]d-bepw ]m]-tam-N-\hpw ss«lnI-
k-`m-L-S-\-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. Nne-sc-¶nepw D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xpt]mse
k`-bn¬ hf-sc-°mew Ign™p {]th-in® Hcp Po¿Æ-X-b√ F∂v
UnUmt° km£n-°p-∂p. Pohs‚ ]mX-bn¬ Ipº-kmcw A\n-hm-
cy-am-Wv. AXns‚ k{º-Zm-b-߃°pw ssien-Iƒ°pw Imtem-Nn-X-
amb ]cn-Wmaw D≠m-Imw. At∏mgpw AXns‚ Bflmhv k`-bn-ep-
≠m-bn-cn-°pw.
22 UnUmt°

A≤ymbw 5
F∂m¬ ac-W-Øns‚ am¿§w CXm-Ip-∂p. AXns‚ Bcw-`w-
Xn-∑-bn-em-Ip-∂p. {Iqc-X-bp-sSbpw im]-Øn-s‚bpw hgn-bt{X
AXv. sIme-]m-X-Iw, hy`n-Nm-cw, Imaw, hnhm-l-]q¿h ssewKnI-
kw-k¿§-߃, tamj-Ww, hn{K-lm-cm-[-\, ambm-Pm-ew, am{¥n-
I-hr-Øn, Ih¿®, I≈-km£yw, Im]-Syw, Ccp-lr-Zbw, Al¥,
NXn, kzm¿∞-X, AkXy-`m-jWw, Akq-b-, ]n-f¿∏v, AkXy-
i]-Yw, Bfl-{]-iw-k, -[n-°m-cw, AXym-{Klw Ch Ah-bn¬-
s∏Sp-∂p.13
\∑- {]-h¿Øn-°p-∂-hsc ]oUn-∏n-°p-∂-h¿, kXy-hn-tcm-[n-
Iƒ, Ak-Xy-kvt\-ln-Iƒ, B¿÷-h-t_m-[-an-√m-Ø-h¿, \∑-
bv°p -e-`n°p∂ {]Xn-^-e-sa-s¥∂v Adn-bm-Ø-h¿, \∑-bpsS
IqsS \nev°m-Ø-h¿, \oXn-bpsS ]n≥_-e-an-√msX hn[n-{]-kvXm-
hn-°p-∂-h¿, \∑-Iƒ {]-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xn-ep-tasd Xn∑-Iƒ Bkq-
{XWw sNøm≥ Dd°w Dt]-£n-°p-∂-h¿ F∂n-ßs\ D≈h¿
Cu hgn-bn-ep-≠v. kuay-X-sb-∏-‰nbpw £a-sb-∏-‰nbpw `mh-\-
sN-øm≥ t]mepw Ah¿°p Ign-hn-√m-Xn-cn°p∂p. \√Xpw {]tbm-
P\{]Z-hp-amb bmsXm-∂n-s\-∏-‰nbpw Ah¿ `mc-s∏-Sp-∂n-√.
kz¥w KpWw hcp-Øp∂ Imcy-ß-fnte Ah¿°p- Xm-Xv]-cy-

13. "Ae-k-X-teiw _m[n-®m¬

Aip-`-h-gn-°p -h-iw-h-Z-cmbv
kzmflsØ kzb-ta -\n-l-\n®pw.'
kpdn-bm-\n-k-`-bpsS _p[\mgvN \a-kv°mcw, {]`mXw.
"Hscm‰ aX-ap-≠p-e-In-∂p-bncmw
kvt\l-asXm∂t√m
]c-s° -\-sΩ-∏m-e-arXq´pw
]m¿hW iin _nw_w.
AXn-s\m-c-cnbmw \mkvXnIyw X≥
tZzjw, temIØn˛
∂tlm -X-a€mw AXn-\-Sn-s∏-´m¬
AIm-e-ar-Xyp-^ew.'
F∂m-cw-`n-°p∂ "t{]a-kw-KoXw' F∂ D≈q¿ IhnX ChnsS
Hm¿Ωn-°mw.
UnUmt° 23

ap≈p. Zcn-{Z-t\mSv A\p-I-ºtbm hoW-h-t\mSv kl-Xm-]tam

Ah-cpsS hgn-bn¬ ImWp-Ib - n-√. {kjvSm-hn-s\-°p-dn®v Ah¿°p
Adn-hn-√m-Xn-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ inip-°sf \in-∏n®p If-bp-∂p.
ssZh-km-Zr-iysØ hj-fm-°p∂p. XI¿∂-hsc B{I-an-°p-∂p.
Bh-iy-°m-cn¬ \n∂v apJw-Xn-cn-°p-∂p. [\n-I¿°p-th≠n hyh-
l-cn-°p-∂p. Zcn-{Z¿s°-Xnsc A\ym-b-ambn hn[n-°p-∂p. `bm-
\-I-amb ]m]-Ir-Xy-ß-ft{X Ch. aI-t\, Ch-bn¬ \ns∂√mw
\o hn´-I∂v \nev°-Ww.
 A≤ymbw 6
ktXym-]-tZi am¿§-Øn¬ \n∂v Bcpw \ns∂ hgn- sX‰n-
°m-Xn-cn-°-s´, F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ Ah-cpsS hgn-bn¬ ssZhw
C√. \ΩpsS I¿Øm-hns‚ \pIw ]q¿Æ-ambpw Npa-°p-tºmƒ
\o ]q¿Æ-\m-bn-Øocpw. km≤y-sa-¶n¬ AXp- I-gn-bp∂ A{X-
Np-a°
- p-I.
`£-W{- I-aØ- n¬ bYm-i‡ - n- \n-b{- ¥Ww ]men-°p-I (At∏m.
{]hr- Ø n 15:28). hn{K- l m¿∏n- X - t `m- P y- ß ƒ h¿÷n∏m≥
{]tXyIw kq£n®psImƒI. Fs¥-∂m¬ AXv hn{K-lm-cm-[-
\bv°p Xpey-am-Ip-∂p.
 c≠mw `mKw

k`m-]c
- n-t{]£yw
26 UnUmt°

A≤ymbw 7
amΩq-Zo-km-tb-°p-dn®v
amΩq-Zokm \S-Øp-∂Xv Xmsg ]dbpw{]Imcw Bbn-cn-°s´.
1
{]mY-anI Imcy-߃ \n¿∆-ln-®-tijw ]nXm-hn-t‚bpw ]p{X-
t‚bpw ]. dqlm-bp-tSbpw \ma-Øn¬ Hgp-°p-sh-≈Ø
- n¬ amtΩm-
1. amΩq-Zo-km-bpsS {Iaw UnUm-t°-bpsS Imew apXte c≠mbn
hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. H∂mw ip{iq-jbn¬ thZw ]Tn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-
∂-hc - psS taep≈ {]m¿∞-\bv°p tijw ]´-°m-c≥ X\n-°p-th≠n-bp≈
{]m¿∞-\ \S-Øp-∂p. ]n∂oSp [q]-tØmSp IqSn thZw ]Tn-°p-∂-h-cpsS
taepw {]m¿∞\ \SØn, Ah-cpsS t]cp-Iƒ FgpXn ]nXm-hn-s‚bpw
]p{X-s‚bpw hn. dqlm-bpsSbpw \ma-Øn¬ Ah-cpsS s\‰n-bn¬ ap{Z-bn-
Sp-∂p. A\-¥cw "skZvdm' sNm√n-bn´v ]´-°m-c≥ ]Sn-™m-tdm´v Xncn™v
kXy-Øn\p apºp≈ {]m¿∞\ \S-Øp-∂p. ]n∂oSv ssZh-Øns‚ `b-¶-
c-\m-a-Øn¬ BI¬°-dpkm-s°-Xn-cm-bp≈ kXyw sNøn®v kmØm-
s\bpw Ahs‚ kI-e-sØbpw Dt]-£n-∏n-°p-∂p. AXp Ign™v Ing-
t°m´p Xncn™v ain-lmsb kΩ-Xn-°p-Ibpw Ah-\nepw ]nXm-hnepw
hn. dqlm-bnepw hniz-kn®v G‰p-]-d-bp-Ibpw sNbvX-tijw Ah¿
{InkvXym-\n-I-fm-bn-Øo-cp-hm≥ A¿l-cmbn `hn-®-Xn-ep≈ IrX-⁄Xm
{]m¿∞\ \S-Øp-∂p. CXmWv {]mcw` Imcy-ßfpsS ip{iq-jm{I-aw. "]gb
]Xn-h\ - p-kc - n®v Ah¿ {InkvXym-\n-Is
- f∂ t]cn¬ hf-sc-°mew Ign-™-
ti-j-amWv amΩq-Zokm ssIs°m-≈p-∂Xv' ˛ Dd-lm-bnse am¿ bm°q-_v
-˛ -lq-Zm-b-Imt\m≥.
"thZw ]Sn-°p-∂-h≥ aq∂v kwh-’-c-°mew ]T\w \S-Øn-b-tijw
amΩq-Zokm ssIs°m-≈-Ww. hnizm-k-Øn-ep≈ Xo£vW-X-b-\p-k-cn®v
Cu Ime-ssZ¿Lyw Ipdhp hcp-Øm-hp-∂-XmWv' ˛ lq-Zm-b-Imt\m≥.
"\mev]Xp t\mºn¬ c≠m-gvNI - ƒ°p-tijw amΩq-Zokm \S-Øp∂Xv
hnln-Xa - √. amΩq-Zokm ssIs°m-≈p-∂h - ¿ hnizmkw ]Tn-°p-Ibpw s]k-
lm-hym-gmgvN BbXv F∏n-kvt°m-∏m-sbtbm I»o-im-sbtbm sNm√n-
t°ƒ∏n-t°-≠-Xp-am-Ip-∂p.' ethm-Zn-°nbm kp∂-l-tZmkv ˛ lqZm-b-Im-
t\m≥.
"thZw ]Tn®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂h - sc t\mºns‚ Ah-km\ BgvN i]Yw
sNøn®tijw i\n-bmgvN ]mXn-cm{Xnbn¬ Ah¿ Hgp-°p≈ Pe-Øn¬
k∂n-ln-X-cm-tI-Ww. BZyw Ip´n-Iƒ°p amΩq-Zokm \¬IWw. ]´-°m-
cs\ G‰p-sNm-√p-hm≥ Ah¿°v {]m]vXn-bp-s≠-¶n¬ Aßs\ sNøWw.
Cs√-¶n¬ Ah-cpsS ]nXm-°ƒ Ah¿°p ]Icw G‰p]d-b-Ww.' «ol-
UnUmt° 27

Zokm \¬I-Ww. Hgp-°p-sh≈w e`y-am-Ip-∂n-s√-¶n¬ km[m-c-

W-sh-≈-Øn≥ Bhmw. XWpØ sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\m-hp-
∂n-s√-¶n¬ NqSm-°nb sh≈w D]-tbm-Kn-°mw. CsXm∂pw
{]mtbm-Kn-Ia
- s
- √-¶n¬ ]nXr-]p{X ]cn-ip-≤m-flm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬
kv\m\m¿∞n-bpsS inc-€n¬ aq∂p {]mh-iyw sh≈w Hgn-°p-
Itbm Xfn-°p-Itbm sNø-Ww. amΩq-Zokm Gev°p∂h\pw
amΩq-Zokm \evIp-∂h - \pw amΩq-Zo-kmbv°p apºv D]-hk
- n-°Ww.
2
Ign-bp-∂{X a‰p-≈-hcpw D]-h-kn-°Ww. F∂m¬ kv\m\m¿∞n
Ht∂m ct≠m Znhkw ap≥Iq´n D]-h-kn-°p-hm≥ Iev]n-°-Ww.
∑m¿- ˛ -lq-Zm-b-Im-t\m≥.
"a‰p -ssIs-h∏v ip{iq-j-Ifn¬ F∂-t]mse amΩq-Zo-km-bnepw AXp
\S-Øp∂ ]´-°m-cs‚ apJw Ingt°m-´√, ]Sn-™m-tdm-´m-bn-cn-°-Ww' ˛
bqlm-t\m≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°okv ˛ lqZm-b-Im-t\m≥.
UnUm-t°-bnse amΩq-Zo-km-bpsS \nb-a-ßfpw lqZm-bImt\m\nse
\nb-aß - fpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp ]Tn-®m¬ UnUm-t°-bpsS hnI-knX-amb
hymJym-\-amWv lqZm-b-Im-t\m-\n-ep≈sX∂v t_m[y-amIpw. inip-
kv\m\w, NqSp-sh-≈Ø - ns‚ D]-tbm-Kw, XpSßn ASn-ÿm-\] - c
- a- mb A\p-
jvTm-\-ssi-en-Iƒ Ah-K-Wn-°p∂ \ho-I-c-tWm-Øc kaq-l-߃
ss{IkvXhk`-bpsS BZn-aI - me Ncn-{X-Øn¬ A⁄-cm-bXpsIm≠mWv
\hot\m]tZi-ßf - n¬ A`n-ca - n-°p-∂X- .v Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-If - psS Bcm-
[-\-I-fnse A\p-jvTm-\-߃°p thZ-]p-kvXI Imt\m≥ cq]o-I-c-W-Im-
e-L-´-tØmfw \ofp∂ -N-cn{X amWp-≈-Xv.
2. amΩq-Zo-kmbv°p apºv AXp \S-Øp∂ Im¿Ωn-Icpw kzoIm-c-Icpw
D]-hk - n-°p-hm≥ UnUmt° D]-tZ-in-°p-∂Xv IqZm-im-\n¿∆lW-Øn-\p≈
Hcp°w F∂ \ne-bn-em-Wv. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ amΩq-Zokm am{X-
a√ H´p a - n° IqZm-iI - fpw D]-hm-kt- ØmSp IqSn-bmWv \S-Øp-∂X - v. Xte-
Zn-hkw k‘y- ap-X¬ ]nt‰-Zn-hkw IqZm-i -\n¿∆-ln-®p Xocp-∂-Xp-hsc
`£-W-]m\o-b-߃ h¿÷n-°p∂p. Cu Hcp-°-Øn\v IqSp-X¬ Bghpw
hym]vXnbpw \¬Ip-hm\mImw henb t\mºns‚ ImeØv Dbn¿∏v s]cp-
∂m-fns‚ apºmbn amΩq-Zokm \S-Øn-h-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Adn-bn-∏ns‚ i\n-
bmgvN amΩq-Zo-kmbpw Dbn¿∏p s]cp-∂m-fn¬ hn. Ip¿∫m-\m\p-`-hhpw ˛
CXm-bn-cp∂p {]mNo\ k{º-Zmbw. kv\m\m¿∞n-Iƒ sh≈-hkv{Xw
AWn™v Dbn¿∏p Rmb-dm-gvNbpw XpS¿∂p≈ Hcm-gvNb - nse F√m Znh-
k-ß-fnepw ssZ-hme-b-Øn¬ k∂n-ln-X-cm-Ip∂ ]Xn-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv
kvacn-®p-sIm≠v Dbn¿∏p apX¬ ]pXp-Rm-b¿ hsc-bp≈ Zn\-ßsf Hm¿Ø-
tUmIvkv k` "shfpØ Zn\w' F∂¿∞-ap≈ "tlthmsd' Zn\-߃
F∂mWv Ie-≠d - nepw thZ-hm-b\ - °
- p-dn-∏nepw hnti-jn-∏n-®n´p≈-Xv.
28 UnUmt°

A≤ymbw 8
D]-hm-khpw {]m¿∞-\bpw
\nß-fpsS D]-hmk Zn\-߃ I]S`‡-∑m-cpsS (b-lq-Z-
∑mcpsS) AtX Zn\-Øn¬ BIm-Xn-cn-°s
- ´. Ah¿ Xn¶ƒ, hymgw
F∂o Zn\-ß-fn¬ D]-h-kn-°p-∂p. \nß-fp-tStXm _p[\pw
sh≈nbpw Bbn-cn-°s´.3
\nß-fpsS {]m¿∞-\bpw Ah-cp-tS-Xn¬ \n∂v `n∂-am-bn-cn-
°-s´. \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv Xs‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬ Iev]n-®n-´p≈
{]Imcw C{]-Imcw {]m¿∞n-∏n≥. "kz¿§-ÿ-\mb Rß-fpsS
]nXmth \ns‚ \maw ]qPn-X-am-tI-W-ta. \ns‚ cmPyw htc-
Wta. \ns‚ lnXw kz¿§-Øn¬ F∂ t]mse `qan-bnepw \nd-
th-‰-s∏-tS-W-ta. R߃°m-bp≈ A∏w C∂v R߃°v Xtc-
W-ta. Rß-fpsS IS-°m-tcmSv R߃ £an-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse
Rß-fpsS ISßfpw £an-t°-W-ta. {]tem-`-\-ß-fn-te°p
Rßsf {]th-in-∏n-°-cp-tX. ZpjvS-\n¬ \n∂v Rßsf c£n®p-
sIm- t ≈- W - t a. F¥p- s Im- s ≠- ∂ m¬ i‡nbpw al- X zhpw

3. "Hcp F∏n-kvtIm-∏mtbm Iio-»mtbm siΩm-i-t\m....... sh≈n-

bmgvN _p[-\mgvN Znh-k-߃ BN-cn-°m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ apS-°-s∏-S-Ww.'
˛ «o-l-∑m-cpsS Imt\m\mIƒ.
"Iio-»mbpw siΩm-i\pw Ccp-]Xp hb-€n\p ta¬ {]mb-ap≈
hnizm-kn-Ifpw s]¥n-t°m-kvXn-bpsS AºXp Znh-k-߃ Hgn-sI-
bp≈ _p[-\m-gvNbpw sh≈n-bm-gvNbpw t\mºv ewLn-°p-hm≥ ]mSp-
≈-X-√' ˛ Ipdn-bmt°mkv ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv -˛ -lq-Zm-b-Im-t\m≥.
"sh≈n-bm-gvNbpw _p[-\m-gvNbpw amwkw `£n-°p-Itbm henb
t\mºn¬ ho™p IpSn-°p-Itbm sNøp-∂-hsc \ntcm-[-\-Øn¬
\n¿Ø-Ww' ˛ bqlm-t\m≥ ]m{Xn-b¿°o-kv, lqZm-b-Im-t\m≥.
"Hcp hnizm-knbpw _p[-\m-gvNbpw sh≈n-bm-gvNbpw kqcym-kvX-
a-b-Øn\p apºmbn \ntcm-[nX `£-W-߃ Ign®p IqSm' ˛ lqZm-b-
Im-t\m≥.
4. hn. aØm-bn 6:9˛13.
UnUmt° 29

Ft∂bv°pw \n\-°p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.' C{]-Imcw {]Xn-Zn\w aq∂v

{]mhiyw \n߃ {]m¿∞n-t°-Ww.5

5. "I¿Ømhv Ah-km-\-Øn¬ Ing-°p-\n∂v {]Xy-£-s∏-Spw F∂p-

≈XpsIm≠v Ing-t°m´v Xncn™v {]m¿∞n-°-W-sa∂v «ol∑m¿
\n›-bn-®p' ˛ lqZmb Imt\m≥.
"I¿Ømhv {]Imiw \¬In-b-Xp-sIm≠v {]`mX ka-bØpw \ymbw
hnkvX-cn-°-s∏-´-Xp-sIm≠v aq∂mw aWn- k-a-bØpw Ipcn-in¬ Xq°-
s∏-´-Xp-sIm≠v Bdmw-a-Wn -k-a-bØpw kI-eXpw Cf°n hnd-®Xp-
sIm≠v HºXmwaWn- k- a - b Øpw cm{Xn- b nse Bizm- k - Ø n\v
k‘ymk-a-bØpw ]I-ens‚ BK-a\w {]Xo-£n-°p-∂-Xn-\m¬ tImgn-
Iq-hp-tºmgpw {]m¿∞nt°Ww. Ggp XnI-bp-hm≥ kqØmd F∂
{]m¿∞-\bpw aev]m-∑m¿ Iq´n-t®¿Øn-cn°p-∂p' ˛ lqZmb Imt\m≥.
 A≤ymbw 9

hn. Ip¿∫m-\s
- b-°p-dn®v
kvtXm{X-bm-K-Øns‚ AYhm "Fhp-°-d-kvXnbm'bpsS {]m¿-
∞\ Cu hn[w \n¿∆-ln-∏n≥. ]m\-]m{Xw FSpØv Bcw-`n-
°pI.
"\ns‚ Zmk-\mb ZmhoZns‚ ho™n-s\-{]Xn (ho™v {InkvXp-
hns\-°p-dn-°p∂p; hn. Ip¿∫m-\b - nse c‡-am-bn-Øo¿∂ ho™n-
s\°pdn-°p-∂p, ssZh-Øns‚ k`-sbbpw kqNn-∏n-°p-∂p ˛
hymJym-\w) kz¿§-ÿ ]nXmth, R߃ \n\°p IrX-⁄X
ka¿∏n-°p-∂p. \ns‚ Zmk-\mb tbip- ap-Jm-¥ncw R߃°v
AXns\ \o shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn. \n\°p kvXpXnbpw kvtXm{Xhpw
Ft∂°pw tbmKy-am-Ip-∂p.'
]n∂oSv A∏sØ°p-dn®v:
Xs‚ Zmk-\mb tbip aptJ\ R߃°p Poh\pw Adnhpw
shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø∂ ]nXmth, \n\°p kvtXm{Xw. \n\°p A\-
¥-ambpw Ahn-cm-a-ambpw R߃ kvtXm{Xw ka¿∏n-°p-∂p.
]¿∆-X-ß-fpsS apI-fn¬ hnX-cWw sNø-s∏-Sp∂ A∏-°-jvW-
߃ ([m-\y-a-Wn-Iƒ: hnh¿Ø-I≥) tiJ-cn-°-s∏´p H∂m-bn-
Øocp∂-Xp-t]mse `qan-bpsS AXn¿ØnIfn¬ \n∂v \ns‚ k`-
bpsS a°ƒ Iq´n-t®¿°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw \ns‚ cmPy-Øn-te°p {]th-
in-°p-Ibpw sNøp-am-dm-tI-Wt- a. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ i‡nbpw
al-Xzhpw {InkvXp-tb-ip-hn-eqsS Ft∂bv°pw \nt‚-Xm-Ip-∂p.
I¿Øm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ amΩq-Zokm G‰hc-√msX Bcpw
Cu kvtXm{X-bm-K-Øn≥ \n∂v `£n-°p-Itbm ]m\w sNøp-
Itbm AcpXv.6 hnip-≤ambXv \mbv-°ƒ°p C´psImSp-°-cp-
sX∂v I¿Ømhv Iev]n-®Xv CXn-s\-°p-dn-®m-Ip-∂p.
6. Ip¿∫m\ A\p-`-h-Øn\v apºv amΩq-Zokm G‰n-cn-°Wsa∂ At∏m-
kvtXm-enI \njvT H¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-Iƒ C∂pw \ne-\n¿Øp∂p. {]th-
i\ IqZm-i-bm-bn-´mWv amΩq-Zo-kmsb IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. amΩq-Zokm Gev°m-
Ø-hsc IqZm-i-bpsS thf-I-fn¬ tZhm-e-b-Øn¬ {]th-in-°p-hm≥ A\p-h-Zn-
°m-dn-√. hn. Ip¿_m-\-bnepw aqtdm≥ IqZm-i-bnepw amΩq-Zokm Gev°mØ-
hsc ]pd-Øm-°p-hm≥ {]tXyI \n¿t±-i-ßfpw NS-ßp-Ifpw D≠v. "hnip-≤n-
bp-≈-h¿°pw shSn-∏p-≈-h¿°pw Cu hnip-≤-X-Iƒ \evI-s∏-Sp∂p' F∂
{]Jym-]\ hmIy-Øn\v Cu A¿∞-hpw e-£yhpw Xs∂-bm-Wp-≈-Xv.
 A≤ymbw 10
F√m-hcpw Xr]vXn- h-cp-thmfw AXn¬ \n∂pw {]m]n-®-Xn\v
tijw kvtXm{X-hm-Iy-ambn C{]-Imcw ]d-hn≥.
"\ns‚ hnip≤ \maw Rß-fpsS lrZ-b-ß-fn¬ \o hkn-°p-
am-dm-°n. \ns‚ Zmk-\mb tbip-hn-eqsS Adnhpw hnizm-khpw
A\-iz-c-Xbpw R߃°p \o shfn-s∏-Sp-Øn-Ø-∂p. Chbv°p
th≠n kz¿§-ÿ ]n-Xmth R߃ \n\°p \µn ]d-bp-∂p.
imizX alXzw \n\-°p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p. k¿∆-i-‡-\mb I¿-
Ømth, \n\-°p-th-≠nbpw \ns∂{]Xnbpw F√mw krjvSn-°-
s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. F√m-h¿°pw B\µw D≠m-Ip-amdv `£-W-]m\o-
b-߃ btYjvSw \o \evIn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \ns‚ i‡n-bpsS h√`-
XzsØ{]Xn {]tXy-I-ambn R߃ \ns∂ kvXpXn-°p-∂p.
\n\°v Ct∏mgpw Ft∏mgpw al-Xzw.'
I¿Ømth \ns‚ k`sb Hm¿Øp-sIm-t≈-W-sa. AXns\
F√m Xn∑-I-fn¬ \n∂pw kzX-{¥-bm-t°-W-ta. \ns‚ kvt\lw
aqew AXns\ kº-∂-bm-°p-Ibpw ip≤o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNtø-
W-ta.7
Ah¿°p-th≠n \o Xb-mdm-°nb cmPy-Øn-te°p \mep Im‰p-
Ifn¬ \n∂pw AXns\ Iq´nt®¿t°-W-sa. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬
i‡nbpw al-Xzhpw Ft∂°pw \n\-°p-≈-Xm-Ip-∂p.
Cu temIw IS∂pt]mI-s´.
\ns‚ Ir] -{]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-am-dm-I-s´.
Zmho-Zns‚ ssZh-Øn\v Hmim-\m.
hnip≤nbp≈-h≥ ASp-Øp-h-c-s´.8
A√m-Ø-h¿ A\p-X-]n-°-s´.
I¿Ømth thKw htc-Wta. BΩo≥.

7. Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv k`-bpsS ]≈n-°q-Zmim {Ia-Øn¬ Cu `mKw

AtX-]Sn kzoI-c-n°-s∏-´n-´p-≠v.
8. "hnip-≤n-bp-≈-h¿°pw shSn-∏p-≈-h¿°pw Cu hnip-≤-X-Iƒ
\¬I-s∏-Sp∂p' F∂ Hm¿Ø-tUmIvkv Ip¿∫m-\-{I-a-Ønse hmIyw
Hm¿Ωn-°p-I.
32 UnUmt°

A≤ymbw 11

{]t_m-[I
- sc kw_-‘n-®v
Bsc-¶nepw \nß-fpsS ASp-Øp-h∂v taev∏-d™ Imcy-߃
{]t_m-[n-∏n-®m¬ \n߃ Ahsc kzmKXw sNøWw. F∂m¬
{]t_m-[I - ≥ Ch-sb h
- n-´v, Ahsb \in-∏n-°p-amdv hyXy-kvXamb
kn≤m- ¥ - ß ƒ ]Tn- ∏ n®m¬ \n߃ Ahsc hns´m- g n™p
amdWw. F∂m¬ Ah-cpsS {]`m-jWw \oXnsbbpw I¿Øm-
hn-s\-°p-dn-®p≈ hn⁄m-\-tØbpw ap≥\n¿Øn-bp-≈-Xm-sW-
¶n¬ I¿Øm-hns\ F∂-t]mse Ahsc ssIs°m-t≈Ww.
At∏m-kvtXm-e-∑m-tcmSpw {]hm-N-I-∑m-tcmSpw \n߃ Cu hn[w
{]h¿Øn-°Ww. \nß-fpsS ASp-°¬ hcp-∂ At∏m-kvtXm-
es\ I¿Øm-hns\ F∂ t]mse ssIs°m-t≈-Ww. F∂m¬
At±lw Hcp ZnhkØntesd ˛ AXym-h-iy-sa-¶n¬ as‰m-cp-
Znhkw IqSnbm-Is´ ˛ \nß-tfm-sSmØv Ign-bm-\n-S-bm-Icp-Xv.
aq∂mw Znh-khpw At±lw \nß-tfm-sSmØp Ign-bp-hm\m{Kln-
®m¬ At±lw hymP-{]-hm-N-I-\m-sW∂v \n߃ Xncn-®-dn-bWw.
Hcp At∏m-kvtXm-e≥ \nßsf hn´pt]mIp-tºmƒ ASp-Ø-
Xmhfw hsc D]-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Aev]a - √
- msX a‰p bmsXm∂pw
\evI-cp-Xv. At±lw ]Ww Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ hymP-{]hm-
N-I≥ BIp-∂p.
Bflm-hn¬ kwkm-cn-°p∂ Hcp {]hm-N-Is\ ]co-£n-°p-
Itbm ]cn-tim-[n-°p-Itbm Acp-Xv. a\p-jy-cpsS F√m ]m]-
ßfpw £an-°-s∏-´mepw Cu ]m]w £an-°-s∏-Sp-I-bn-√.9
Bflob DW¿∆n¬ {]kw-Kn-°p-∂-h-cmbn ImW-s∏-Sp∂
F√m-h-scbpw {]hm-N-I-∑m-sc∂v FÆ-cp-Xv. I¿Øm-hns‚ hgn-
I-fn-eqsS Ah¿ \S-°p-∂pthm F∂v At\z-jn®p sImƒhn≥.
{]hm-N-I-s\bpw hymP {]hm-N-I-s\bpw Ah-cpsS PohnX k{º-
Zm-b-ß-fn-eqsS Xncn-®-dn-bWw. Z¿i\ hymJym-\-Øn-\n-S-bn¬
`£Ww Bh-iy-ambn h∂mepw Hcp {]hm-N-I≥ AXv kzoI-cn-
°- b n- √ . 10 `£n- ° p- ∂ p- s h- ¶ n¬ At±lw I≈ {]hm- N - I ≥
9. hn. a¿t°m-kv 3:28.
10. hn. eqt°m-kv 10:7
UnUmt° 33

BIp∂p. kXy-Øns‚ {]kw-K-I-\mb Hcp {]hm-N-I≥, Xm≥

{]kw-Kn-°p-∂-Xns\ BN-cn-°p-∂n-s√-¶n¬ At±lw hymP-{]hm-
N-I≥ BIp-∂p.
kp]-co-£n-X\pw kXy-k‘
- \
- p-amb Hcp {]hm-NI
- ≥ k`-bpsS
`uanI -{]-XoIw F∂ \ne-bn¬ Fs¥-¶nepw {]h¿Øn-°p-
Ibpw Xs‚ {]hrØnsb A\p-I-cn-∏m≥ a‰p-≈-hsc ]Tn-∏n-°m-
Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXm¬ Ahsc \n߃ hn[n°cp-Xv; ssZhw
Ahsc hn[n-°s´. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ ]pcm-X\ {]hm-N-I-
∑mcpw A{]-Imcw {]h¿Øn-®n-´p-≠v.
Bfl-{]-tNm-Zn-X≥ (F-∂- `m-h-Øn¬) ]Wtam a‰p h√-Xptam
\nß-tfmSv Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ Ahs\ Ah-K-Wn®p sImƒhn≥.
F∂m¬ ap´p-≈-h¿°p-th≠n Fs¥-¶nepw \n߃ sImSp-°m≥
At±lw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp-∂-psh-¶n¬ Bcpw At±-lsØ hna¿in-
°-cp-Xv.
 A≤ymbw 12
I¿Øm-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ hcp∂ Gh-s\bpw \n߃ kzmKXw
sNø-Ww. ]n∂o-Sp≈ ]co-£-W-ß-fn-eqsS Ahsc \n߃°p
Xncn-®-dn-bm-dm-Ip-a-t√m. Xn∑-bn¬ \n∂v \∑sb th¿Xncn-®-dn-
bp-hm≥ ssZhw \n߃°p i‡n \¬I-s´. hcp-∂-h≥ k©m-
cn-bm-sW-¶n¬ \nß-ƒ bYmi‡n klm-bn-°Ww. At±lw
\nß-tfmsSmØv ct≠m IqSn-bm¬ aqt∂m Znh-k-Øn-e-[n-Iw
Xma-kn-°p-hm≥ CS-bm-I-cp-Xv. At±lw \nß-tfmSv ÿnc-hmkw
B{K-ln-®p-sh-¶n¬, sXmgn-e-dn-bp-∂-h-s\-¶n¬ sXmgn¬ sNbvXv
D]-Po-h\w tXSp-hm≥ At±lw Xøm-dm-Is´. sXmgn¬ Adn-bm-
Ø-h-s\-¶n¬ Ah-t\mSv bp‡nt]mse {]h¿Øn®p sImƒhn≥.
Fs¥-∂m¬ {InkvXym-\n-bm-sW-∂p-≈XpsIm≠p am{Xw Hcp-
h≥ Ae-k-X-bn¬ \nß-tfmsSmØp Ign-bp-hm≥ CS-bm-I-cp-Xv.
Cu \ne-]mSv At±-lØn\v kΩXamIp-∂n-s√-¶n¬ At±lw
{InkvXp-hns\ NqjWw sNøp-∂-h-s\-∂-dn™p At±-lsØ
hn´p-am-dn-s°mƒhn≥.
 A≤ymbw 13
\nß-fpsS at≤y hkn-°m-\m{K-ln-°p∂ bYm¿∞ {]hm-N-
I≥ D]-Po-h\
- Ø
- n-\p≈ {]Xn-^ew e`n-°p-hm≥ A¿l-\m-Ip∂p.
the-°m-c-s\-t∏mse D]-tZ-jvSmhpw {]Xn-^-e-Øn\v A¿l-\m-
Ip-∂p.11 AXpsIm≠p ap¥n-cn-tØm´w, Irjn-\n-ew, Imf-Iƒ,
BSp-Iƒ Ch-bpsS BZy-^ew tiJ-cn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p sImSp-
°p-Ibpw thWw.12 Fs¥-∂m¬ Ah¿ \nß-fpsS alm]ptcm-
ln-X¿ BIp-∂p. {]hm-N-I-∑m¿ \nß-fpsS ASp-°¬ Cs√-¶n¬
Ah Zcn-{Z¿°p sImSp-∏n≥. \n߃ A∏w D≠m-°p-tºmƒ
Hs°bpw BZy-tØXv Iev]-\-{]-Imcw sImSp-∏o≥. ho™p-`-c-
Wntbm FÆ-`-c-Wntbm Xpd-°p-tºmƒ B-Zy-^ew {]hm-N-I-
∑m¿°p sImSp-∏n≥. ]Wtam hkv{Xtam F∂p th≠ e`n-°p-
∂-Xn-se√mw BZy-^ew DØ-a-am-bXv Iev]\{]Imcw sImSp-
∏n≥.

11. hn. eqt°mkv 10:7.

12. Kem-Xy¿ 6:6.
 A≤ymbw 14
I¿Ør-Zn-h-k-Øn¬ \n߃ Hcp-an-®p Iq-SWw.13 A∏w apdn®v
kvtXm{X-_en A¿∏n-°Ww. \nßfpsS bmKw hnip-≤-am-tI-
≠p∂-Xn\v BZyta \n߃ ]m]-߃ G‰p]-d-b-Ww. \nß-fn-
sem-cmƒ°v Ahs‚ Iq´p-Im-c-t\mSv AI¬®-bp-s≠-¶n¬ Ah¿
sFIy-s∏-Sp-thmfw "hnip-≤ -kw-k¿§'Øn¬ Ah\v ]¶p-≠m-
I-cpXv;14 \nß-fpsS bmKw Idbn-√m-Ø-Xm-tI-≠-Xn∂p Xs∂.
I¿Øm-hn-{]-Imcw Iev]n-®n-cn°p-∂p:
"\n߃ F√m-°m-eØpw F√m- ÿ-eØpw Id-bn-√mØ
bmKw F\n°p ka¿∏n-∏n≥. Rm≥ alm-cm-Pm-h-t√m. tZi-ß-
fpsS A¤pXw F∂m-Ip∂p Fs‚ \maw.'15

13. At∏m-kvtXme {]hrØnIƒ 2:42.

14. hn. aØmbn 5:23, 24.
15. aemJn 1:11, 15.
 A≤ymbw 15

{]mtZ-inI A[y-£∑
- m-sc-°p-dn-®v
Bb-Xp-sIm≠v I¿Øm-hn\v sIm≈m-hp-∂-hcpw kuaylrZ-
bcpw {Zhym-{K-l-an-√m-Ø-hcpw Bflm¿∞-Xbp-≈-hcpw kp]-
co-£n-Xcpw Bb-hsc \n߃°p F∏n-kvtIm-∏∑mcpw siΩm-
»-∑m-cp-ambn sXc-s™-SpØp \nb-an-°Ww.16 F¥p-sIm-s≠-
∂m¬ Ah¿ \n߃°pth≠n {]hm-N-I∑m-cp-tSbpw D]-tZ-jvSm-
°-fp-tSbpw ip{iqj \n¿∆-ln-°m-\p-≈h
- c
- m-Ip-∂p. Ahsc \n€m-
c-cmbn KWn-°-cp-Xv. Ah¿ {]hm-N-I-∑m-cp-sSbpw aev]m-∑m-cp-
tSbpw KW-Øn¬ _lp-am\yÿm\w hln-°p-∂p-h-t√m.
tIm]-Øn¬ ]c-kv]cw A[n-t£-]n-°-cp-Xv. F∂mtem kphn-
ti-j-Øn¬ Iev]n-®n-´p≈hn[w F√mw kuay-X-tbmsS sNbv-
hn≥.
Bsc¶nepw Ab¬°m-tcmSp Xn∑ {]h¿Øn-®m¬ \n߃
Ah-t\mSv kwkm-cn-°pI t]mepw Acp-Xv. Ah≥ A\p-X-]n-®-
Xn\v tijw BImw.
\nß-fpsS {]m¿∞-\bpw Zm\-[¿Ωhpw F∂p-th≠ \n߃
sNøp-∂-sX¥pw \ΩpsS I¿Ømhv Xs‚ kphn-ti-j-Øn¬
Iev]n-®-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-h-s´.

16. 1 Xntam-Øntbmkv 3:2˛12. sIml-t\, avsiavtimt\ F∂o c≠p

sshZnI ÿm\-ßtf BZn-a-k-`-bn-ep≈p. doip sImlt\ tN¿∂p
aq∂v F∂ ÿnXn ]n∂o-Sp-≠mb hf¿®-bm-Wv.
38 UnUmt°

A≤ymbw 16

A¥y-Im-e-sØ-°p-dn®v
\nß-fpsS I¿Ømhv hcp∂ \mgnI A⁄mXambXn\m¬
Hcp-°an-√m-Ø-h-cm-bn-cn-°-cp-Xv.17 Ft∏mgpw Hcpßnbn-cn-∏n≥.
Pohn-XsØ∏‰n Icp-X-temSpw kq£va-X-tbmSpw IqSn C-cn-∏n≥.
\nß-fpsS hnf°p sI´p-t]m-Im-Xn-cn-°-s´.
A¥yka-b-Øv \n߃ XnI-hp-≈-h-cmbn ImW-s∏-Sp-∂n-s√-
¶n¬ \nß-fpsS hnizmk PohnXw ^e-{]-Z-am-bn-´n-s√∂p hcpw.18
AXp-sIm≠v Bflm-hn\v {]tbm-P-\-I-c-amb Imcy-߃ At\z-
jn-°p-∂-Xn\v IqsS-°qsS \n߃ IqSnhchpw Iq´m-bvabpw BN-
cn-t°-Ww. A¥y-\m-fp-I-fn¬ I≈-{]-hm-N-I∑mcpw Agn-a-Xn-
°mcpw s]cp-Ipw.19 Ah¿ BSp-Isf sN∂m-bv°fpsS Iq´n-
tebv°v hgn-Xn-cn-®p-hnSpw. kvt\lw sshc-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏Spw.
\nbacmlnXyw h¿≤n-°p-tºmƒ ]c-kv]cw shdp-°p-Ibpw
]oUn-∏n-°p-Ibpw h©n-°p-Ibpw sNøpw.
At∏mƒ temI h©-I-∑m¿ ssZh-]p-{X≥ F∂ \ne-bn¬
{]Xy-£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw A¤p-X-ßfpw AS-bm-f-ßfpw ImWn-°p-
Ibpw `qan Ahs‚ ssII-fn¬ Aa-cp-Ibpw BZn-ap-X¬ C∂-
tbmfw D≠m-bn-´n-√mØ {Iqc-X-Ifpw \nb-a-c-ln-X- {]-h¿Ø-\-
ßfpw Ah≥ \S-Øp-Ibpw sNøpw. AXn\ptijw a\p-jy-h¿§w
A·n-]-co-£-I-fn-eqsS IS-∂p-t]m-Ipw. At\-I¿ hoWp-t]m-hp-
Ibpw \in-°p-Ibpw sNøpw. hnizm-k-ÿn-c-X-bp-≈-h-cm-Is´
"im]w' aqew c£n-°-s∏Spw.20 At∏mƒ kXy-Øns‚ AS-bm-f-
߃ {]Xy-£a - mIpw. (H-∂m-aX
- m-bn) kz¿§w Xpd-°s
- ∏Spw. c≠m-
a-Xmbn Imlf i_vZ-߃ tIƒ°m-\mIpw. ASp-ØXmbn
arX∑mcpsS ]p\-cp-∞m-\w. F√m- ar-X-∑mcpw At∏mƒ ]p\-cp-

17. hn. aØmbn 24:42.

18. hn. aØmbn 25:8.
19. hn. aØmbn 24:5˛14.
20. Kem-Xy¿ 3:13.
UnUmt° 39

∞m\w sNøp-∂n-√. I¿Ømhv hcp-tºmƒ Ah-t\m-sSm-∂n®v

F√m hnip-≤-∑mcpw h∂ptNcp-sa∂v Fgp-X-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p.
At∏mƒ BImitaL-ßfn¬ I¿Ømhv hcp-∂-Xmbn temIw
ImWpw.
40 UnUmt°

The Didache
The Lord’s Teaching Through the Twelve
Apostles to the Nations
Chapter 1. The Two Ways and the First Commandment.
There are two ways, one of life and one of death, but a great difference
between the two ways. The way of life, then, is this: First, you shall
love God who made you; second, love your neighbor as yourself, and
do not do to another what you would not want done to you. And of
these sayings the teaching is this: Bless those who curse you, and
pray for your enemies, and fast for those who persecute you. For
what reward is there for loving those who love you? Do not the
Gentiles do the same? But love those who hate you, and you shall not
have an enemy. Abstain from fleshly and worldly lusts. If someone
strikes your right cheek, turn to him the other also, and you shall be
perfect. If someone impresses you for one mile, go with him two. If
someone takes your cloak, give him also your coat. If someone takes
from you what is yours, ask it not back, for indeed you are not able.
Give to every one who asks you, and ask it not back; for the Father
wills that to all should be given of our own blessings (free gifts).
Happy is he who gives according to the commandment, for he is
guiltless. Woe to him who receives; for if one receives who has need,
he is guiltless; but he who receives not having need shall pay the
penalty, why he received and for what. And coming into confinement,
he shall be examined concerning the things which he has done, and
he shall not escape from there until he pays back the last penny. And
also concerning this, it has been said, Let your alms sweat in your
hands, until you know to whom you should give.
Chapter 2. The Second Commandment: Grave Sin
Forbidden. And the second commandment of the Teaching; You
shall not commit murder, you shall not commit adultery, you shall not
commit pederasty, you shall not commit fornication, you shall not
steal, you shall not practice magic, you shall not practice witchcraft,
you shall not murder a child by abortion nor kill that which is born.
You shall not covet the things of your neighbor, you shall not swear,
UnUmt° 41

you shall not bear false witness, you shall not speak evil, you shall
bear no grudge. You shall not be double-minded nor double-tongued,
for to be double-tongued is a snare of death. Your speech shall not be
false, nor empty, but fulfilled by deed. You shall not be covetous, nor
rapacious, nor a hypocrite, nor evil disposed, nor haughty. You shall
not take evil counsel against your neighbor. You shall not hate any
man; but some you shall reprove, and concerning some you shall
pray, and some you shall love more than your own life.
Chapter 3. Other Sins Forbidden. My child, flee from every
evil thing, and from every likeness of it. Be not prone to anger, for
anger leads to murder. Be neither jealous, nor quarrelsome, nor of
hot temper, for out of all these murders are engendered. My child, be
not a lustful one. for lust leads to fornication. Be neither a filthy
talker, nor of lofty eye, for out of all these adulteries are engendered.
My child, be not an observer of omens, since it leads to idolatry. Be
neither an enchanter, nor an astrologer, nor a purifier, nor be willing
to took at these things, for out of all these idolatry is engendered. My
child, be not a liar, since a lie leads to theft. Be neither money-loving,
nor vainglorious, for out of all these thefts are engendered. My child,
be not a murmurer, since it leads the way to blasphemy. Be neither
self-willed nor evil-minded, for out of all these blasphemies are
engendered.
Rather, be meek, since the meek shall inherit the earth. Be long-
suffering and pitiful and guileless and gentle and good and always
trembling at the words which you have heard. You shall not exalt
yourself, nor give over-confidence to your soul. Your soul shall not be
joined with lofty ones, but with just and lowly ones shall it have its
intercourse. Accept whatever happens to you as good, knowing that
apart from God nothing comes to pass.
Chapter 4. Various Precepts. My child, remember night and
day him who speaks the word of God to you, and honor him as you
do the Lord. For wherever the lordly rule is uttered, there is the Lord.
And seek out day by day the faces of the saints, in order that you
may rest upon their words. Do not long for division, but rather bring
those who contend to peace. Judge righteously, and do not respect
42 UnUmt°

persons in reproving for transgressions. You shall not be undecided

whether or not it shall be. Be not a stretcher forth of the hands to
receive and a drawer of them back to give. If you have anything,
through your hands you shall give ransom for your sins. Do not hesitate
to give, nor complain when you give; for you shall know who is the
good repayer of the hire. Do not turn away from him who is in want;
rather, share all things with your brother, and do not say that they are
your own. For if you are partakers in that which is immortal, how
much more in things which are mortal? Do not remove your hand
from your son or daughter; rather, teach them the fear of God from
their youth. Do not enjoin anything in your bitterness upon your
bondman or maidservant, who hope in the same God, lest ever they
shall fear not God who is over both; for he comes not to call according
to the outward appearance, but to them whom the Spirit has prepared.
And you bondmen shall be subject to your masters as to a type of
God, in modesty and fear. You shall hate all hypocrisy and everything
which is not pleasing to the Lord. Do not in any way forsake the
commandments of the Lord; but keep what you have received, neither
adding thereto nor taking away therefrom. In the church you shall
acknowledge your transgressions, and you shall not come near for
your prayer with an evil conscience. This is the way of life.
Chapter 5. The Way of Death. And the way of death is this:
First of all it is evil and accursed: murders, adultery, lust, fornication,
thefts, idolatries, magic arts, witchcrafts, rape, false witness, hypocrisy,
double-heartedness, deceit, haughtiness, depravity, self-will,
greediness, filthy talking, jealousy, over-confidence, loftiness,
boastfulness; persecutors of the good, hating truth, loving a lie, not
knowing a reward for righteousness, not cleaving to good nor to
righteous judgment, watching not for that which is good, but for that
which is evil; from whom meekness and endurance are far, loving
vanities, pursuing revenge, not pitying a poor man, not laboring for
the afflicted, not knowing Him Who made them, murderers of children,
destroyers of the handiwork of God, turning away from him who is in
want, afflicting him who is distressed, advocates of the rich, lawless
judges of the poor, utter sinners. Be delivered, children, from all these.
UnUmt° 43

Chapter 6. Against False Teachers, and Food Offered to

Idols. See that no one causes you to err from this way of the Teaching,
since apart from God it teaches you. For if you are able to bear the
entire yoke of the Lord, you will be perfect; but if you are not able to
do this, do what you are able. And concerning food, bear what you
are able; but against that which is sacrificed to idols be exceedingly
careful; for it is the service of dead gods.
Chapter 7. Concerning Baptism. And concerning baptism,
baptize this way: Having first said all these things, baptize into the
name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit, in living
water. But if you have no living water, baptize into other water; and
if you cannot do so in cold water, do so in warm. But if you have
neither, pour out water three times upon the head into the name of
Father and Son and Holy Spirit. But before the baptism let the baptizer
fast, and the baptized, and whoever else can; but you shall order the
baptized to fast one or two days before.
Chapter 8. Fasting and Prayer (the Lord’s Prayer). But let
not your fasts be with the hypocrites, for they fast on the second and
fifth day of the week. Rather, fast on the fourth day and the
Preparation (Friday). Do not pray like the hypocrites, but rather as
the Lord commanded in His Gospel, like this:
Our Father who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name.
Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in
heaven. Give us today our daily (needful) bread, and forgive
us our debt as we also forgive our debtors. And bring us not
into temptation, but deliver us from the evil one (or, evil); for
Thine is the power and the glory for ever..
Pray this three times each day.
Chapter 9. The Eucharist. Now concerning the Eucharist, give
thanks this way. First, concerning the cup:
We thank thee, our Father, for the holy vine of David Thy
servant, which You madest known to us through Jesus Thy
Servant; to Thee be the glory for ever..
And concerning the broken bread:
44 UnUmt°

We thank Thee, our Father, for the life and knowledge

which You madest known to us through Jesus Thy Servant;
to Thee be the glory for ever. Even as this broken bread was
scattered over the hills, and was gathered together and
became one, so let Thy Church be gathered together from
the ends of the earth into Thy kingdom; for Thine is the glory
and the power through Jesus Christ for ever..
But let no one eat or drink of your Eucharist, unless they have
been baptized into the name of the Lord; for concerning this also the
Lord has said, “Give not that which is holy to the dogs.”
Chapter 10. Prayer after Communion. But after you are filled,
give thanks this way:
We thank Thee, holy Father, for Thy holy name which
You didst cause to tabernacle in our hearts, and for the
knowledge and faith and immortality, which You modest
known to us through Jesus Thy Servant; to Thee be the glory
for ever. Thou, Master almighty, didst create all things for
Thy name’s sake; You gavest food and drink to men for
enjoyment, that they might give thanks to Thee; but to us
You didst freely give spiritual food and drink and life eternal
through Thy Servant. Before all things we thank Thee that
You are mighty; to Thee be the glory for ever. Remember,
Lord, Thy Church, to deliver it from all evil and to make it
perfect in Thy love, and gather it from the four winds,
sanctified for Thy kingdom which Thou have prepared for it;
for Thine is the power and the glory for ever. Let grace
come, and let this world pass away. Hosanna to the God
(Son) of David! If any one is holy, let him come; if any one is
not so, let him repent. Maranatha. Amen.
But permit the prophets to make Thanksgiving as much as they
desire.
Chapter 11. Concerning Teachers, Apostles, and Prophets.
Whosoever, therefore, comes and teaches you all these things that
have been said before, receive him. But if the teacher himself turns
and teaches another doctrine to the destruction of this, hear him not.
UnUmt° 45

But if he teaches so as to increase righteousness and the knowledge

of the Lord, receive him as the Lord. But concerning the apostles
and prophets, act according to the decree of the Gospel. Let every
apostle who comes to you be received as the Lord. But he shall not
remain more than one day; or two days, if there’s a need. But if he
remains three days, he is a false prophet. And when the apostle goes
away, let him take nothing but bread until he lodges. If he asks for
money, he is a false prophet. And every prophet who speaks in the
Spirit you shall neither try nor judge; for every sin shall be forgiven,
but this sin shall not be forgiven. But not every one who speaks in the
Spirit is a prophet; but only if he holds the ways of the Lord. Therefore
from their ways shall the false prophet and the prophet be known.
And every prophet who orders a meal in the Spirit does not eat it,
unless he is indeed a false prophet. And every prophet who teaches
the truth, but does not do what he teaches, is a false prophet. And
every prophet, proved true, working unto the mystery of the Church
in the world, yet not teaching others to do what he himself does, shall
not be judged among you, for with God he has his judgment; for so
did also the ancient prophets. But whoever says in the Spirit, Give
me money, or something else, you shall not listen to him. But if he
tells you to give for others’ sake who are in need, let no one judge
him.
Chapter 12. Reception of Christians. But receive everyone
who comes in the name of the Lord, and prove and know him
afterward; for you shall have understanding right and left. If he who
comes is a wayfarer, assist him as far as you are able; but he shall
not remain with you more than two or three days, if need be. But if
he wants to stay with you, and is an artisan, let him work and eat. But
if he has no trade, according to your understanding, see to it that, as
a Christian, he shall not live with you idle. But if he wills not to do, he
is a Christ-monger. Watch that you keep away from such.
Chapter 13. Support of Prophets. But every true prophet who
wants to live among you is worthy of his support. So also a true
teacher is himself worthy, as the workman, of his support. Every
first-fruit, therefore, of the products of wine-press and threshing-
floor, of oxen and of sheep, you shall take and give to the prophets,
46 UnUmt°

for they are your high priests. But if you have no prophet, give it to
the poor. If you make a batch of dough, take the first-fruit and give
according to the commandment. So also when you open a jar of wine
or of oil, take the first-fruit and give it to the prophets; and of money
(silver) and clothing and every possession, take the first-fruit, as it
may seem good to you, and give according to the commandment.
Chapter 14. Christian Assembly on the Lord’s Day. But every
Lord’s day gather yourselves together, and break bread, and give
thanksgiving after having confessed your transgressions, that your
sacrifice may be pure. But let no one who is at odds with his fellow
come together with you, until they be reconciled, that your sacrifice
may not be profaned. For this is that which was spoken by the Lord:
“In every place and time offer to me a pure sacrifice; for I am a
great King, says the Lord, and my name is wonderful among the
nations.”
Chapter 15. Bishops and Deacons; Christian Reproof.
Appoint, therefore, for yourselves, bishops and deacons worthy of
the Lord, men meek, and not lovers of money, and truthful and proved;
for they also render to you the service of prophets and teachers.
Therefore do not despise them, for they are your honored ones,
together with the prophets and teachers. And reprove one another,
not in anger, but in peace, as you have it in the Gospel. But to anyone
that acts amiss against another, let no one speak, nor let him hear
anything from you until he repents. But your prayers and alms and all
your deeds so do, as you have it in the Gospel of our Lord.
Chapter 16. Watchfulness; the Coming of the Lord. Watch
for your life’s sake. Let not your lamps be quenched, nor your loins
unloosed; but be ready, for you know not the hour in which our Lord
will come. But come together often, seeking the things which are
befitting to your souls: for the whole time of your faith will not profit
you, if you are not made perfect in the last time. For in the last days
false prophets and corrupters shall be multiplied, and the sheep shall
be turned into wolves, and love shall be turned into hate; for when
lawlessness increases, they shall hate and persecute and betray one
another, and then shall appear the world-deceiver as Son of God, and
UnUmt° 47

shall do signs and wonders, and the earth shall be delivered into his
hands, and he shall do iniquitous things which have never yet come to
pass since the beginning. Then shall the creation of men come into
the fire of trial, and many shall be made to stumble and shall perish;
but those who endure in their faith shall be saved from under the
curse itself. And then shall appear the signs of the truth: first, the sign
of an outspreading in heaven, then the sign of the sound of the trumpet.
And third, the resurrection of the dead — yet not of all, but as it is
said: “The Lord shall come and all His saints with Him.” Then shall
the world see the Lord coming upon the clouds of heaven.