QNIT-4 TOPICS.

Source free RL Circutti

’i(t)

Ve

Consider a Series Connection of resistor E Tnductor as

Shown To the igure.
Our
goal is to deterine the circuit vesponse itt) tothe
induct0Y.
At to , we assume that the irductor has
initial cuent
I'. IH is mathematically defined as, icg) I,, oTth the
ErergykULstored in the inductor is LY
around the loop de have, VgtVLFO
Apey iR+ Ldt =o
dt
=-R

dt
di -Rdt
Tntegrate on both Sides e Get

> lni= Et+

nTotearation constint
L

’ ni- lnA= -Rt

en(a)t e
-RlL
i -RJL
A.e
At o, i-I
 Is: Ae'

iltl= T.e(/2)
i(t)= I, e (-t/r)
R
’ Tine Conetant ot source free RL Cincutt
The current Response is shoun in
tigure,

I,e
0361I,
. The natural vesponse ot source tee RL ccul an
Erp onenttal decay ot inftial current
 Jource Fee RC crcuit i
A

V(1) R

A Source free RC cirCust occu rs M hen i's Dc

Sourc S
Suddenly disconnected · The Enerqy already stored in capaci
-tor is released to TesistoY
Vc) is voltage across capacitot.
Stnce the capacitor is initially charged, le can a5SUme
At time t=0, the Initial voltage is v(D)= Vo

Appling KcL at node A,

ie tip=o "ecdv V
c dv V
dt
dv
dt CR

+
dt Rc'
This is the tirst order differentla| Em e Can Solve in
folouoing order, dv -V
dt
RC
’+Ldv= -dt
RC
Tntegrate On both sides,
’dve - RC
dt

QnV-tt
RC lnA.
Lohere, n A îs
Integration Constant,
t
RC
 RC

V= Ae-t/Rc
V(t)= A:e-t/Rc
But from the nitlal conditions,
At t-0, VCo) Aie Aie
A
=A
v(0)- A

. v(o)=A-V,
|v)= V,etIRc
This shows that the voltage' esponse of source free Rc
cincuit is an Exponental decay of initial voitage. Since
the response is due to initial Energy, stored & the
Physical characters of the c+rauit Enot dug to the
External voltage (or) Current source,
It Îs call ed normal mesponse' ot the circuik
T-RC
DivenRL cixcuit:-(step Reoporde 0f RL CiYCQit)
(t)

fiq:a fig: b
he Switch ig closcd at t=0 in fiq:a ie it) :0
+0 fov

APply kvL t0 the fiq: b

dt
Ri+ LdiVo4 o
dt
FOY tLo.
f()=0
FOY t>0,
Rit Loi. Vo
dt
Ldi =- No-Ri
dt
Ld:

No-R?
-LinWo-R:)-ttk 00) oll
R
At t=0

R R
 in) L

etR|L
Vo-R: ztRlL
Vo

Ri= Vo-VntRL
i(t)= Vo- VetRlL t0
R

DVNe RC Civcuit (ov) 5tep Reopome of RC CiYCUiH:

R ts0 t

fiq:a fiq: b
A55UmL,
Vo i5 initial volHage on the capacitoy and Since the
VOHage 0f the capacitov Can not change InoBanculy,
We have,

N(o) io otaqe aci033 apacito fyst beroYe

17
Subitching
víot) is votOqe acdoss innade ely aer su ichig
Ápply kcL in th ciCuit, we have

R
wheve, Vis the volHage acv003 the capaCH0 foy t>0,
Cdv V5
dt RR

+ V5
dt RC RC
dv
RC RC

dv
dt RC
dv - dt
RC

RC
vIt) at t=0,V=Vo 7
dv at t=t, V=v()
-17|RC
ve)

An v(t)-Vg t
Vo-Vs

v)-v6 - e-t|RC
Vo-V3
-t|RC
9 v)-v5 Vo-Vs) e
RC fo1 t>0
vt)= Vg + (vo-V3)e
AgsUmM, the capacitoY is inita unchavge then
V)-§ 0 tLO
Lvs-çtlec) ; t>o
The cuYYent thvough (apacitoY i5
i(t)= cdv
dt

dt

V3tRc
RC
stIRc
it) =Y5tRC>0
R
WkT

R
 ket V, (o) BV
he given ccil is SC {tee Rc

No is intial Woltae
mprcilo

D 4ind 4me Constant TReaf

(248)|s
20l|5
2OXS
2ot 5

T xoluseC
across CaacitoY
Ve= vt)- (Be-t6"s
15e -t/o-u

V Ve x 12
(2+8
3

-2"st
R

a long -ie
he suilch in the circuit has beenClQsed
tt)
fo lng
to t>8
qened at t 0 -rd
and t is opercat- negy ctored io the camcito
the inal'
Cokulote the
 for t<0 the Soitcb is clase d, capbilor orka a open
vcut to  eOrre
soitch
3

4+3
15
Vet) =l5V, tkO change nntanlanoul
Sne the Voltage across
s apacito apnot
the oltage across Copaci tor at t o (switch is
t=0
Dpened at t=o) Ís same as the Value at we knoco
Capacito is l5
**Vo s întial Voltcqe acrossnetuotk
that in Source -free Re
v(t)= vet/R
Voe
TO calcudate fime Constart
t-o
Suwitc b

20
2omf

(+)2omF f

Velt) - Vo e o2
olts
Ve ct)= l5e5t

ID22s
2"25 Joules
tor a long
3) The suoitch to the creutt has been closed
Calculate
Hime at t o the soitch is opene
iCE) tor tso
 22

2+

step-1 closed and we krouw that inductor

is
-tor t<o the swltch
ciYcuit to tbe
dcSOurce
acts a shot

uo ) 122

APply kuI to lbOp 0

40-21,-,(i,-,) -0
+H2i) =-o -
-Iui
ku) to l6OP
elis-)-4i,=0

nbt aliow cudden changes

that the inductor doee
Oe know is OPened tbe
h urrent ValUes
.At t=0 the
Switch
Io -6A at t=o
nductor ie opéned
the
ntial across oenend
is i)
the Suoitch 22
uo' 2H
 Rsq
O")5cC

ict)-Jaet/T
iL) be Ampees
4: he switch hu been jo postlion for long -ine at t
The soitch Is moved to Postioo 8 determire VCt), at t>O
and coculcte the Volue t=4se) Usec

3k
+

tor tao the soitch 1s in posiion A

:intial Voltage across capacitor is 24

Loe knouw the apacitor oorks, as

open circuft to tte p our
3k
15k2 ¿5k2
St3k

s1 moves to pesitton B
At t=o Suitch
V(a)=36V
T= Re
T-ux0-S
2
Rreutt is qven by
RC
.-.the tesponsc v(a)4vo)-v(-o)]e T
U(t) =
+ iG-30] 2
V(t)'* B0
L6e0St volts
vt) 20 «90 y
WC) 30-16e
V4) 30- (50Sq 2796 V
 -lhe reuit fhe
Acuroe thal -the
3) Find v(t) -lor to fn
tn
lor a long-lfme. at ? G ctoed at t 0
Switch is opered
Calceulate uc at
is
At t=0 Switch
openeol

V(o)
Vco) =bV
closed
At tso Soitch is
Apply kct :
6

ves 4)50v

3\-30+Vt50

sVt2 =0
V-2O
1
21

TRc =/les(Va)
responsenRc crcutt is
The
vCE) vco) 4f v¢o) - vlo) et
VC)5 betlos
to5e
t
Vt)=| -5415e

at to vlos)
+6$ Volts.
ho
+) Gor to Assume that the Suoitch
6) 40d
been closed totor a long ime.
 tor t <o the switch s
Closed then
3 neghgible circut
inductoracks as short
Ho the D
then
3
regise co) =l0, ESA

At tão the oitch is opened, inductor cLcts s

short circuit to the c
2 32
vilo)
=2A 2+3 S
43
SeC

The respornse în R cicuit e-ttqiven by

ilt) =ico)+ 6[io)-io)Je
=2+l5-) e -tir
= 2+[Je to

The ctch ha been closcc for a lorng re ît

Opens at t=0 fid 1t) or to
when s toit ch ls cloced, Yallel tesfslane to aoitch
Pnductor acte Chort circuit to
s also sheat cicuit,
dc Source

i(o)=60
t=0

= 6x -4A

(:5H
152
R
itt)-i(a)+Iito)-il)

.Ot