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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 1:
0 𝑡<0 0 𝑡<0
a. The shown device has 𝑖(𝑡) = { and 𝑣(𝑡) = { −20𝑡 . If the device absorbs a total energy of
10𝑒 −20𝑡 A 𝑡 ≥ 0 𝑘𝑒 V 𝑡≥0
2 J, calculate the constant 𝑘.

b. For the following circuit, use KCL, KVL, and Ohm’s law to
1. Find Ix and Vo ,
2. Calculate the power of 6 A source.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 2:

a. In the circuit shown, find Io ,

b. Use voltage division only to find Vy.

c. In the circuit shown, use current division only to find Ix .

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 3:

For the following circuit, use node-voltage method to

a. Find VΔ ,
b. Calculate the power of 4VΔ dependent source.

Note: The reference point is already chosen.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 4:

For the following circuit, assume 𝛽 = 1,

a. Use mesh-current method to find the currents 𝐼1 , 𝐼2 , and 𝐼3
b. Calculate the power of the dependent current source and the
1 A current source.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 5:

For the following circuit:

a. If a load resistor 𝑅𝐿 is inserted at the terminals of
A-B, what is the value of this resistor that will
allow for maximum power to be transferred?
b. What is the value of this maximum power transfer?

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 6:

Under DC steady state condition, find the total energy stored in the capacitors.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 7:

Find the voltage across the capacitor 𝑣𝐶 (𝑡) for 𝑡 > 0.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 8:

In the following circuit, the sources have been turned on for a long time. Apply superposition principle then use current
divider, voltage divider, and Ohm’s law to find 𝑖𝑜 (𝑡).

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 9:

In the circuit shown, if 𝑣𝑠 (𝑡) = 60 sin(5000𝑡 + 60°) V:

a. Find the equivalent impedance (𝑍eq ) seen by the

source in rectangular form
b. Find 𝑖𝑜 (𝑡)
c. If the voltage source is replaced by a DC source
VDC = 27 𝑉, recalculate Io

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 10:

a. For the shown voltage waveform, Find the waveform frequency and rms value

b. In the following circuit, the source is given by the source voltage

𝑣𝑔 (𝑡) = 10 cos(50𝑡 + 10°) V
I. Use successive source transformations to obtain the Thévenin’s
equivalent circuit at terminals ab.
II. Determine the load impedance ZL (connected to terminals a-b)
that will result in maximum average power being transferred to
the load.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 11:

For the following circuit:

a. Use mesh-current method to find Norton’s current
(IN ) in phasor form (seen between terminals a-b)
b. Find Norton’s impedance (ZN ) in rectangular form
(seen between terminals a-b)
c. If a load impedance (ZL ), represented by a resistor in

series with a reactive element, is connected to terminals a-b in order to transfer maximum average power, find the
components of ZL when the frequency is 100 Hz.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 12:

For the following circuit, the two loads are descried as follows: Load 1 absorbs an average power of 3 kW at a lagging
power factor of 0.6, Load 2 delivers a reactive power of 1.5 kVAR at a leading power factor of 0.8. If 𝐼 =
20∠0° A (rms)

a. Find the complex power of the combined loads,

b. Find Vs
c. Compute the value of the capacitor that would correct the
power factor to 1 if placed in parallel with the combined
loads. Given Frequency = 50 Hz.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 13: Three-phase problems

A 208 V three-phase power system is shown. It consists of an ideal 208 [Vrms ] Y-connected three-phase generator
connected through a three-phase transmission line to a Δ-connected load. The transmission line has an impedance of
(0.06 + 𝑗0.12) Ω, and the load has an impedance of (12 + 𝑗9) Ω. For this simple power system, find:

a. The line current.

b. The load’s line voltage (𝐕𝐿𝐿 )

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 14:

A small shopping center contains three stores that represent three balanced three-phase loads. The power lines to the

shopping center represent a three-phase source with a line voltage of 13.8 [kVrms ].

The three loads are:

Load 1: 400 [kVA] at 0.90 pf lagging

Load 2: 200 [kVA] at 0.85 pf lagging
Load 3: 100 [kVA] at 0.90 pf lagging
Find the power line current.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 15:

The line-to-neutral voltage of a three-phase Y-connected supply is 240 𝑉rms. Taking phase 𝑎 as reference, the source is
connected through a line with impedance (5 + 𝑗5) Ω to a balanced Δ-connected three-phase load with the phasor current
in phase 𝑎 found to be (2.94 ∠ − 28°) 𝐴rms. Assume a balanced abc or positive sequence. Find the real power of the load,
the real power of the generator, and the real power loss in the line.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 16: Single-phase Transformers

If 𝑁1 = 2000 and 𝑁2 = 500 turns in the circuit below, and if 𝑉1 = 1200 ∠ 0° V and 𝐼1 = 5 ∠ − 30° A with an impedance
𝑍2 connected across winding 2. Find:

a. Voltage on the secondary winding

b. Current in the secondary winding
c. The impedance connected across the secondary winding
d. The secondary impedance referred to the primary side

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 17:

A single-phase transformer has 2000 turns on the primary winding and 500 turns on the secondary with the following
parameters:

𝑟1 = 2.0 Ω 𝑟2 = 0.125 Ω

𝑥1 = 8.0 Ω 𝑥2 = 0.50 Ω The load 𝑍2 = 12 Ω

If the applied voltage at the terminals of the primary winding is 1200 V, find 𝑉2 and the voltage regulation. Neglect
magnetizing current.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 18: Three-phase Transformers

Three transformers, each rated 25 MVA, 38.1/3.81 kV, are connected Y– Δ with a balanced load of three 0.6 Ω, Y-
connected resistors. Choose a base of 75 MVA, 66 kV for the high-voltage side of the transformer. Write down the
nameplate of the combined three-phase transformer.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 19:

Figure below shows a three-phase generator rated 100 MVA, 10 kV supplying a three-phase load with an actual voltage
𝑉A = 100 kVLL and a current of 𝐼A = 450 ∠ − 6.87° A. The transformer is rated at 100 MVA 10Δ/100Y kV with a
leakage reactance of 0.1 Ω referred to the low voltage side. Find the generator terminal voltage in actual values.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 20: Per-unit Problems

The single-line diagram of an unloaded power system is shown in figure below. Reactances of the two sections of
transmission line are shown on the diagram. The generators and transformers are rated as follows:

Generator 1: 30 MVA, 20 kV, X = 0.2 per unit

Generator 2: 30 MVA, 18 kV, X = 0.2 per unit

Generator 3: 30 MVA, 20 kV, X = 0.2 per unit

Transformer 1: 25 MVA, 220Y/20∆ kV, X = 10%

Transformer 2: 30 MVA, 220Y/20∆ kV, X = 10%

Transformer 3: 30 MVA, 220Y/20Y kV, X = 10%

Draw the impedance diagram with all reactances marked in per unit and with letters to indicate points corresponding to
the single-line diagram. Choose a base of 30 MVA, 20 kV in the circuit of Generator 1.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 21: Network Buses

The single-line diagram of a small power system is shown below. A generator with emf = (1.25∠0°) p. u. is connected
through a transformer to high-voltage node (3). Further, a motor with an internal voltage equals to (0.85∠ − 45°) p. u. is
connected to node (4). The reactances of various elements are given as:

Element Reactance p.u. Element Reactance p.u.

Generator 1.15 Line 1-2 0.125
Motor 1.15 Line 1-3 0.25
Transformer 1 0.1 Line 1-4 0.4
Transformer 2 0.1 Line 2-3 0.25
Line 2-4 0.25

a. Develop the bus admittance matrix.

b. Find the bus impedance matrix.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 22: Transmission Line Calculations

A 60 Hz short transmission line having 𝑅 = 0.62 ohms per phase and 𝐿 = 93.24 millihenrys per phase, supplies a three-
phase, wye-connected 100 MW load of 0.9 lagging power factor at 215 kV line-to-line voltage. Calculate:

a. The sending-end voltage.

b. The voltage regulation of the transmission line.
c. The voltage drop of the transmission line.
d. The efficiency of the transmission line.

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

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Review on Fundamentals of Electric Circuits ‫ سلطان شفاقه العنزي‬.‫د‬

Question 23:

The 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 parameters for a medium line are found as

𝐴 = 0.95 ∠ 1° 𝐵 = 150 ∠ 75° Ω 𝐶 = 9 × 10−4 ∠ 90.5° S

This line delivers power to balanced load at 220 kV and drawing current of 140 ∠ − 30° A. Find:

a. The line-to-line sending-end voltage (assuming 𝑎𝑏𝑐 sequence)

b. The line sending-end current

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