Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2023

Impact Factor: 8.423

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

|e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2347-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.423| A Monthly Peer Reviewed & Referred Journal |

|| Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2023 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2023.1205137 |

Waste Treatment Techniques for Utilization

in Various Cities of India
Abhishek Gupta1, Abdul Rauf2, Abhishek3 , Aniket Sharma4, Harsh Mittal5, Manish Kumar6,
Sumit Saini7
B.Tech Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Jaipur Engineering College & Research Centre, Jaipur, India 1-6
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jaipur Engineering College & Research Centre, Jaipur, India 7

ABSTRACT: India is facing a significant challenge in managing its increasing urban waste, which is a result of the
country's growing population and urbanization. Traditional waste disposal methods, such as open dumping and
burning, have negative impacts on public health and the environment. To address this issue, various waste treatment
techniques have been implemented in different cities across India. This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis
of waste treatment techniques utilized in various Indian cities. The study involved a systematic review of relevant
literature, interviews with waste management experts, and site visits to selected cities. The study on waste treatment
techniques for utilization in various cities of India aims to evaluate and compare the different waste treatment
techniques that are currently in use in different Indian cities. The paper highlights the challenges of waste management
in India, including the rapidly growing population, increasing urbanization, and inadequate waste treatment
infrastructure. The paper discusses some of the commonly used waste treatment techniques in India, including
landfilling, composting, bio methanation, and waste-to-energy conversion. The paper also discusses the success factors
and challenges associated with each of these techniques. The study concludes that a comprehensive waste management
plan that combines multiple waste treatment techniques and promotes waste reduction and segregation at source is
necessary for sustainable waste.

KEYWORDS: Waste treatment techniques, Indian cities, Waste reduction, Waste segregation at source

I. INTRODUCTION
India is facing a significant challenge in managing the ever-increasing amount of waste generated by its rapidly
growing urban population. Improper waste management practices have resulted in environmental pollution and public
health hazards. To address this issue, Indian cities are implementing various waste treatment techniques, including solid
waste and liquid waste treatment. The utilization of waste treatment techniques varies among Indian cities, depending
on factors such as population, available resources, and government policies. Some cities have implemented more
advanced techniques, such as waste-to-energy conversion, while others have focused on simpler techniques, such as
composting and landfilling. Liquid waste treatment techniques include sewage treatment plants, constructed wetlands,
and bioremediation. Despite the progress made in waste management practices, there is still a long way to go in India to
implement sustainable waste management practices effectively. The effective utilization of waste treatment techniques
in Indian cities is essential to mitigate the adverse impact of waste generation on public health and the environment.
This requires the support of the government, public participation, and investment in research and development to
identify innovative and sustainable waste management solutions.

II. RELATED WORK

This paper aims to explore the utilization of waste treatment techniques in different Indian cities and identify the
challenges and opportunities in promoting sustainable waste management practices in India. By analyzing the
current state of waste management practices in Indian cities, this study will provide insights into the best practices
and strategies for sustainable waste management in the country. To address this issue, Indian cities are
implementing various waste treatment techniques, including solid waste management, liquid waste management,
and biomedical waste management. The utilization of waste treatment techniques varies among Indian cities,
depending on factors such as population, available resources, and government policies.

IJIRSET©2023 | An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | 5401

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

|e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2347-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.423| A Monthly Peer Reviewed & Referred Journal |

|| Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2023 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2023.1205137 |

Some cities have implemented more advanced techniques, such as waste-to-energy conversion and sewage
treatment plants, while others have focused on simpler techniques, such as composting and landfilling. Despite the
progress made in waste management practices, there is still a long way to go in India to implement sustainable
waste management practices effectively. The effective utilization of waste treatment techniques in Indian cities is
essential to mitigate the adverse impact of waste generation on public health and the environment. This requires the
support of the government, public participation, and investment in research and development to identify innovative
and sustainable waste management solutions. This paper aims to explore the utilization of waste treatment
techniques in different Indian cities and identify the challenges and opportunities in promoting sustainable waste
management practices in India.

III. METHODOLOGY

3.1 Wastecharacterization:
The first step in waste management is to understand the composition and quantity of waste generated in a
particular city. This includes identifying the type of waste generated, its quantity, and its chemical and physical
properties.

3.1.1 Identification of appropriate waste treatment technique:

Once the waste characterization is done, the next step is to identify the appropriate waste treatment technique
for that particular city. The choice of technique should be based on various factors such as the type and quantity
of waste generated, the availability of land and resources, and the environmental impact of the technique.

3.1.2 Feasibility study on Different cities:

After identifying the appropriate waste treatment technique, a feasibility study should be conducted to
determinethe economic, social, and environmental feasibility of implementing the technique in the city. This
involves assessing the cost of the technique, the availability of resources and infrastructure, and the impact on
the environment and public health.

3.1.3 Monitoring and evaluation:

After the feasibility study, the waste treatment technique can be implemented in the city. This involves setting up the
necessary infrastructure, such as waste collection, transportation, and processing facilities.
Once the waste treatment technique is implemented, it is important to monitor its performance and evaluate its
effectiveness in achieving the desired outcomes. This involves monitoring the quality of the treated waste, the
environmental impact of the technique, and the cost-effectiveness of the process. Waste management is an
ongoing process, and there is always room for improvement. Continuous improvement involves identifying
areas for improvement, implementing changes, and monitoring the results to ensure that the waste management
system is efficient, effective, and sustainable.

3.2 Identification of appropriate waste treatment technique:

3.2.1 Solid waste treatment technique:
Landfill:-is one of the inexpensive methods of solid waste disposal. Landfill in volves burying ofwasteinto
the ground. It is the most common practice of waste disposal in most cities. Abandoned sites, mines,quarries
or low lying regions are often used for land filling. In case of urban towns and small cities,
theunwantedwasteisdumped inthelowlayingareastolevelthegroundforvarioususes.
Converting:-theorganicwasteintogaseousendproductthroughcombustioniscalledIncineration.Incineration can
be employed both at small and large scale. In the cases where there is severe land scarcity,incineration can be
a better option. While employing incineration techniques for waste disposal, one shouldensure that gases
emitting out of incineration process should not harm the environment. Incinerators are bestsuited to dispose
the harmful waste components. Example: Medical waste where it is not advisable to practicelandfilltoavoid
potentialharmitcancause onhumans, environmentand ecosystems.
Energy production (biogas):-Recovering energy fromorganic waste is also an effective Way of
wastemanagement in theabsence of oxygen, organic waste broken down into biogas which can be used as
renewablesource of energy. Biodegradable waste such as sewage, cattle waste, agri or green waste etc. is

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

|e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2347-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.423| A Monthly Peer Reviewed & Referred Journal |

|| Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2023 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2023.1205137 |

digestedthrough anaerobic process to produce biogas. Biogas contains Methane (CH4) and Carbon dioxide
(CO2)
andalsohavesmallamountofHydrogenSulphide(H2S).Biogascanbeusedforcookingortoproduceelectricity.

Incineration:-Incineration is "the process of reducing combustible waste to an inert residue by high

temperature burning".It is not a complete method of solid waste disposal; the by-products of combustion are
ash and gases,including noxious gases, particles and heat energy. The main advantage of incineration
compared with other methods of waste treatment and disposal is the large reduction in the volume of material
requiring final disposal
Compost pit: Traditionally the rural communities in India have been practisingand also having rich
knowledge on compost pit recycling techniques. Bio waste collected from humans and cattle is dumped into
compost pit and kept for 6-8 months. Later the stocked waste /compost applied in the agriculture field as
manure. The composting techniques of rural communities can be further improved by creating awareness
among them to adopt better and improved techniques
Garbage bin: In addition to collecting waste f rom household and commercial establishments, it is
alsoimportant to place garbage bins in the streets and lanes of the villages and cities tocollect waste
materialsfrom the community members and other commuters. These bins should also have two comportments.
Eachcomportment of dust bin should have clear indications and guidelines so that an illiterate person can
alsodiscard thewaste appropriatelyintobioandnon-biodegradable bins

3.3 liquid waste treatment techniques:-

3.3.1 Screens: generally the standard parameters of screens are width should be in between 6mm to 20mm,depth
should be in between 30mm to 80mm, dia of bars should be in between 6mm to 12mm and
thespacingbetweenthebarsshouldbeinbetween6mmto40mm.Afterdesigningthescreensobtainedvaluesarewidth
is9mm,depthis50mm,dia ofbarsis6mm,and spacingofbarsis36mm.
3.3.2 Grit Chamber: generally the standard parameters of grit chamber are length should be in between 7.5mto
20m, width should be in between 1m to 7m, depth should be in between 1m to 5m. After designing
thegritchamberobtained valuesarelengthis15m,widthis1.5m, and depthis1m.
3.3.3 Skimming Tank: generally the standard parameters of skimming tank are length should be in
between0.6m to 1m, width should be in between 0.5m to 1m, depth should be in between 1m to 1.5m.
Afterdesigningtheskimmingtank obtainedvaluesarelengthis0.83m, widthis0.8m,anddepthis1m.
3.3.4 SedimentationTank:generallythestandardparameters
ofsedimentationtankarelengthshouldbemaximumup
to90m,widthshouldbemaximum30m,depthshouldbeminimum2m,and freeboard
shouldbe0.6(max).Afterdesigningthesedimentationtankobtainedvaluesarelengthis76m,widthis18m,
depthis4m, andfree boardis0.5m.
3.3.5 TricklingFilter:generallythestandardparameters oftricklingfilterarediashouldbeinbetween30mto60m and
depth should be in between 1.2m to 1.8m. After designing the trickling filter obtained values
arediais41.5manddepthis1.8m.
3.3.6 Aeration Tank: generally the standard parameters of aeration tank are length should be in between
30mto100m,widthshouldbeinbetween5mto10m,anddepthshouldbeinbetween3mto4.5m.Afterdesigningtheaer
ationtankobtained valuesare length is85m,widthis10m,anddepthis 3.6m.
3.3.7 Drying Beds: generally the standard parameters of sludge drying beds are length should be in

IJIRSET©2023 | An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | 5403

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

|e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2347-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.423| A Monthly Peer Reviewed & Referred Journal |

|| Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2023 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2023.1205137 |

between30m to 45m, and width should be in between 6m to 15m. after designing the sludge drying beds
obtainedvaluesare lengthis30.3m, andwidthis15m.
3.4 Feasibility study on Different cities:-
1 Indore:- Indore City, located in the central Indian state of Madhya Pradesh, has been implementing various
waste treatment technologies to manage its solid waste. The city generates around 1600 metric tonnes of solid
waste per day, and the city administration has been working on waste management since 2023.
2. Surat :- Surat City, located in the western Indian state of Gujarat, has been implementing various waste
treatment technologies to manage its solid waste. The city generates around 1800 metric tonnes of solid waste
per day, and the city administration has been working on waste management since 2023.
3. Navi Mumbai :- Navi Mumbai is a rapidly growing city in Maharashtra, India, with a population of over1.7
million. The city generates a 1400 Tonnes amount of waste, which needs to be treated to prevent environmental
pollution and health hazards.
4 Mysore :- Mysore City, located in the Indian state of Karnataka, has a population of over 1.5 million and
generates 600 tonnes amount of waste. The city has implemented various waste treatment technologies to
manage and dispose of this waste effectively

IV. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

From the following investigation we have get the results:

S.No. CITIES Wasteperday(T Organic RecyclablesI OtherI

onnes) WasteIn(%) n(%) n(%)
1 INDORE 1600 45% 20% 35%
2 SURAT 1800 50% 35% 15%
3 NAVI 1400 33% 23% 44%
MUMBAI
4 MYSORE 600 44% 20% 36%
5 DELHI 9000 60% 30% 10%

Table.1–wastecharacterizationstudies

Figure1. waste characterization in per day.

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International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

|e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2347-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.423| A Monthly Peer Reviewed & Referred Journal |

|| Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2023 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2023.1205137 |

S.No. CITIES Waste per day Treated Waste Untreated

(Tonnes) In (%) Waste
In (%)
1 INDORE 1600 80% 20%
2 SURAT 1800 90% 10%
3 NAVI 1400 95% 5%
MUMBAI
4 MYSORE 600 85% 15%
5 DELHI 9000 75% 25%

Table -2: Waste Treated studies

DELHI

MYSORE

UntreatedWaste
NAVIMUMBAI
TreatedWaste
Wasteperday(Tonnes
SURAT

INDORE

0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000

Figure2.WasteTreatedinperday

V. CONCLUSION

From the result of this study, The research paper explores the waste treatment techniques used in various cities of India
with the aim of identifying effective methods for waste management. The study was conducted through a literature
review of published articles, reports and case studies on waste management practices in India. The research findings
suggest that different cities in India use different waste treatment techniques depending on their specific needs and
resources. Some common waste treatment techniques include landfilling, composting, incineration, and recycling. The
paper also identifies the challenges faced by various cities in implementing waste management practices, such as
inadequate infrastructure, lack of public awareness, and insufficient government support. The research concludes by
recommending the adoption of a more integrated and sustainable approach to waste management, including the use of
innovative technologies and community participation, to achieve a cleaner and greener environment in India.

IJIRSET©2023 | An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | 5405

International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (IJIRSET)

|e-ISSN: 2319-8753, p-ISSN: 2347-6710| www.ijirset.com | Impact Factor: 8.423| A Monthly Peer Reviewed & Referred Journal |

|| Volume 12, Issue 5, May 2023 ||

| DOI:10.15680/IJIRSET.2023.1205137 |

REFERENCES

[1] Indore: "Integrated Waste Management in Indore: A Case Study" by M.K. Gupta and S. Gupta in the Journal of
Solid Waste Technology and Management.
[2] Surat: Waste Management in Surat: A Case Study" by R. Vijay and P. Roy in the Journal of Environmental
Research And Development.
[3] Navi Mumbai: "Waste Management in Navi Mumbai: A Case Study" by P. Bhosale and N. Dahale in the
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications.
[4] [4 Mysore: "Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management in Mysore City, Karnataka, India" by R.
Manikandan and S. Sreekumar in the International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology.
[5] Delhi: "Assessment of Municipal Solid Waste Management System in Delhi, India" by K. Garg and P. Sinha in
the International Journal of Environmental Science and Development
[6] Waste Treatment and Disposal" by Paul T. Williams (2017) - This book provides a comprehensive overview of
the different waste treatment and disposal technologies available.
[7] "Municipal Solid Waste Management in Developing Countries" by Sunil Kumar (2018) - This book provides an
overview of the waste management practices and technologies used in developing countries, including India.
[8] "Waste Management Practices: Municipal, Hazardous, and Industrial" by John Pichtel (2019) - This book
provides an overview of the different waste management practices used for municipal, hazardous, and industrial
waste.
[9] "Handbook of Solid Waste Management" by George Tchobanoglous, Frank Kreith, and Marcia E. Williams
(2017) - This book provides an overview of the different aspects of solid waste management, including waste
treatment and disposal.
[10] "Anaerobic Digestion for Bioenergy Production: Principles and Applications" by Nicholas E. Korres and
Padraig O'Kiely (2017) - This book provides an overview of the principles and applications of anaerobic
digestion, a waste treatment technique that produces biogas.

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