Manufacturing Industries

Summary of the chapter

Q. What is manufacturing?
Ans. Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw material to more
valuable
product.
Q. Name the material from which aluminium is manufactured.
Ans. Bauxite

Q. Why manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development.

Ans. Because (a) it generates employment. (b) reduces the dependence on agriculture
(c) is
helpful in bringing down regional disparities. (d) it expands trade and commerce and
brings
needed foreign exchange. (e) More the manufacturing industries, more is the
prosperity.
(f) Agriculture and industry move hand in hand.
Q. How can our manufacturing industry compete with international market?
Ans. By improving quality

Q. Name the council set up to improve manufacturing productivity.

Ans. (NMCC)

Q. What does NMCC sand for?

Ans. National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council

Q. What is the present share of Industry in GDP?

Ans. 29.1% (27%)

Q. How much share does manufacturing industry has in the industrial sector?
Ans. 15% at present (10%)

Q. Which factors influence the location of industry?

Ans. Availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market etc.

Q. How do the cities help in industrialisation?

Ans. Cities provide – market different services transportation, labour.

Q. What is agglomeration economy?

Ans. Developing of industries near cities where most of the facilities are available.

Q. How is Industry linked with the market?

INPUT

TRANSPORT

Ans. Inputs are required for manufacturing which are sold FACTORY
as product in the market. Market gives money in
OUTPUT
return with which producer purchases inputs. MONEY
TRANSPORT

MARKET
Q. What are the different types of industries?
Ans.
INDUSTRIES

Source of raw On the basis of main role

On the basis of capital On the basis of ownership On the basis of bulk and weight
material

Agro Minera Key Consume Small Large Public Privat Joint Corporativ Heavy Light
l r e e
based based Industr Industry Scale Scale Sector Sector Sector Sector Industr Industr
y y y

Q. How is the industry that supplies raw material to manufacture other goods known as?
Ans. Key / Basic Industry

Q. Which industry produces the goods for direct consumption?

Ans. Consumer Industry
Q. How is an industry with the investment of `1 Crore known as?
Ans. Small Scale Industry.

Q. How is an industry owned and operated by government known as?

Ans. Public Sector Industry BHEL, SAIL etc.

Q. What is private sector industry?

Ans. Industry owned and operated by individuals, TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd. R/L.

Q. Name the industry which is jointly run by the state and individuals.
Ans. OIL– Oil India Ltd.

Q. How is the industry owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials,
workers or both known as?
Ans. Cooperative sector Industry e.g. sugar industry in Maharashtra and coir Industry in Kerala,
Amul in Gujarat.

Q. How much does textile industry contribute in industrial production?

Ans. 14% and employment nearly 35 million persons.

Q. How much does textile industry add to the Indian GDP?

Ans. 4%

Q. What is the foreign exchange earnings of textile industry?

Ans. 24.6%

Q. Why does textile industry occupy unique position in the Indian Economy?
Ans. (a) Contributes significantly in manufacturing industry.
(b) Generates employment
(c) High % of foreign exchange earnings
(d) Valuable contribution in GDP
(e) It is self reliant and complete in the value chain.

Q. When and where was the first cotton textile mill established in India?
Ans. In 1854 in Mumbai
Q. Which country has the largest installed capacity of spindles in the
world? Ans. China and Second India

Q. What is our share in the world’s garment trade?

Ans. 4%

Q. What is the major drawback of cotton textile industry?

Ans. Most of the production in fragmented small nit.

Q. Why do we need to import cotton although we have increased the production?

Ans. Because (i) Power supply is erratic (ii) low grade machinery engaged in weaving and
processing (iii) low output of labour (iv) sliff competition with the synthetic fibre industry.

Q. Name the largest producer of raw jute and jute goods in the world?
Ans. India

Q. Which country is the largest exporter of jute goods in the world?

Ans. Bangladesh and at second place India

Q. In which region most of the jute mills are located?

Ans. In West Bengal, mainly along the banks of Hugli river.

Q. When was first jute mill set up in India?

Ans. 1859

Q. Where was first jute mill set up in India?

Ans. Rishra near Kolkata

Q. What were the factors to help jute mill to be set up in these region?
Ans. (a) Proximity of the jute producing areas. (b) Inexpensive water transport. (c) Good network
of railways, roadways and waterways (d) abundance of water for processing raw jute
(e) availability of cheap labour in the west Bengal and adjoining regions. (f) Kolkata as a
centre of banking insurance and port facilities for export of jute goods.

Q. How many workers are supported by jute industry directly?

Ans. 2.61 lakhs

Q. From what does the jute industry face stiff competition?

Ans. From synthetic substitutes and also from countries producing jute i.e. Bangladesh, Brazil,
Philippines, Egypt and Thailand.

Q. When was National Jute Policy formulated?

Ans. In 2005 to increase productivity, improve quality, ensure good prices to the producer and to
enhance the yield per hectare.

Q. Where does India stand in the world in the production of sugar?

Ans. 2nd, Brazil is at 1st position – but India ranks first in the production of gur and khandsari.

Q. In which states of south India recently the concentration of sugar mills are seen?
Ans. Maharashtra, because the cane produced here has higher sucrose.
Q. How are the industries which use minerals and metals as raw material known as?
Ans. Mineral based industries

Q. In which ratio iron ore coking coal and limestones are used in iron and steel industry?
Ans. 4:2:1

Q. Why is manganese mixed with iron while producing steel?

Ans. To harden the steel.

Q. Where does India stand in the production of crude steel?

Ans. India has 9th rank with 32.8 million ions of steel production. India is the largest producer of
sponge iron.

Q. Which agency markets for the most of the under takings steel manufacturing companies in
India?
Ans. SAIL – Steel Authority of India Limited

Q. What is the per capta consumption of steel per annum in India?

Ans. 32 kg

Q. What does the SAIL stand for?

Ans. Steel Authority of India Limited

Q. Name the country that is the largest producer of steel in the world?
Ans. China, it is the largest producer and also the largest consumer of steel.

Q. Why are we not making the full use of our potential in steel industries?
Ans. Because – (a) High cost and limited availability of coking coal. (b) Lower productivity of
labour (c) Irregular supply of energy (d) Poor infrastructure

Q. Which metal is used as a substitute of steel, copper zinc and lead in number of industries?
Ans. Aluminium

Q. Where is Nalco and Balco located?

Ans. Orissa

Q. Which metal is used in aluminium smelting?

Ans. Bauxite

Q. Which is the second most important metallurgical industry in India?

Ans. Aluminium smelting

Q. What are the main factors of the location of aluminium industry?

Ans. Regular supply of electricity and assured source of raw material at minimum cost.

Q. How much percentage is the contribution of chemical industry in GDP?

Ans. 3%

Q. What is its position in term of size?

Ans. 3rd in Asia and 12th in the world.
Q. Which industry is its own largest consumer?
Ans. Chemical industry as it consumes basic chemicals as raw material in the further production.

Q. Which fertiliser is not found or produced in India?

Ans. Potash, it is entirely imported.

Q. What is India’s position in the nitrogenous fertiliser production?

Ans. 3rd

Q. When was the first cement plant set up in India and where?
Ans. In 1904 in Chennai

Q. Name the industry that covers transition for phones, pager, mobile, radars computer etc.
Ans. Information Technology and Electronic Industry

Q. Which city is known as the electronic capital of India?

Ans. Bangalore

Q. How many software technology parks exist in India?

Ans. 18

Q. What is the main contribution of IT industry in India?

Ans. Creation of employment opportunities.

Q. What does the BPO stand for?

Ans. Business Processes Outsourcing

Q. By what, is air pollution caused?

Ans. Presence of high proposition of undesirable gases.

Q. When did Bhopal Gas tragedy take place?

Ans. On 2nd Dec. 1984, in Union Carbide Company at Bhopal (CH3NCO.MIC) Methyl Isocinate

Q. How is water pollution caused?

Ans. By Organic and Inorganic industrial wastes and affluent discharged into rivers.

Q. What is thermal pollution?

Ans. Polluting rivers and ponds waters by hot water from thermal plants and factories.

Q. Which diseases are caused by the wastes from the nuclear power plants?
Ans. Cancer, birth defects and miscarriages

Q. How much fresh water is polluted by 1 litre of waste water?

Ans. 8 litres (as 8 times)

Q. What is NTPC?
Ans. National Thermal Power Corporation. It is a major power providing corporation.

Q. Expand EMS.
Ans. Environment Management System known as EMS – 14001
Q. What is ISO?
Ans. International Organization for Standardization.

Q. What is ISI?
Ans. Indian Standards Institute.

Q. What is BIS?
Ans. The Bureau of Indian Standard
 Manufacturing Industries
Agro based Industries - I

Sl. No Name of Industry States / Areas where located

1. Cotton Textiles Maharashtra (Mumbai, Pune, Sholapur, Nagpur, Aurangabad,
Wardha, Jalgaon); Gujarat (Ahmedabad, Surat, Rajkot, Porbandar,
Vadodara); West Bengal (Murshidabad, Hugli, Silampur)
2. Jute Textiles West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya
Pradesh, Orissa, Assam and Tripura
3. Woolen Textiles Punjab (Dhariwal, Ludhiana, Amritsar); Maharashtra (Mumbai);
Uttar Pradesh (Kanpur, Agra, Shahjahanpur, Mirzapur); Gujarat
(Ahmedabad and Jamnagar); Haryana (Panipat and Gurgaon);
Rajasthan (Jaipur and Bikaner); Jammu and Kashmir (Srinagar);
Karnataka (Bangalore)
4. Silk Textiles Karnataka (Bangalore, Mysore, Kolar and Belgaum); West Bengal
(Murshidabad and Bankura); Jammu and Kashmir (Srinagar,
Anantnag and Baramula)
5. Synthetic Textiles Maharashtra (Mumbai); Gujarat (Ahmedabad and Surat); Punjab
(Amritsar) West Bengal; (Kolkata); Madhya Pradesh (Gwalior);
Tamil Nadu (Thanjavur), Delhi and Kerala etc.
6. Handloom and All over India
Khadi

Agro based Industries - II

Sl. No Name of Industry States / Areas where located

1. Coir Industry Kerala
2. Sugar Industry U.P., Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu,
Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana. Half the total number of sugar – mills are
in U.P.
3. Paper Industry Nepanagar in Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal and
many other parts of India.
4. Vegetable – Oil Maharashtra, Gujarat, Delhi and many other parts of India.
Industry
Mineral based Industries - I

Sl. No Name of Industry States / Areas where located

1. Iron and Steel Jamshedpur (Jharkhand), Burnpur (West Bengal), Bhadravati
(Karnataka), Bhilai (Chhatisgarh), Durgapur (West Bengal), Rourkela
(Orissa), Bokaro (Jharkhand). Vishakhapatnam (Andhra Pradesh),
Salem (Tamil Nadu)
2. Heavy Enggering Ranchi (Jharkhand), Bangalore (Karnataka), Pinjore (Haryana),
and Machine Tool Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh), Kalamassery (Kerala)
Industries
3. Rolling Stock:
Railway Engines Electric Engines at Chittaranjan (Jharkhand), and Jamshedpur
(Jharkahnd) and Diesel Engines at Varanasi (U.P.)
Railway Coaches Perambur near Madras (Chennai), Kapurthala (Punjab), Barely (U.P)
Railway Wagons Burnpur and several other places
4. Ship building Visakhapatna, Calcutta (Kolkaka), Cochin, Mazagon near Mumbai
5. Automobiles:
Motor Cars Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai, Gurgaon etc.
Jeeps Mumbai
Trucks Jamshedpur and Chennai
Scooters Pune, Mumbai and Lucknow
6. Aircrafts Bangalore, Kanpur, Nasik, Koraput (Orissa), Hyderabad and
Lucknow
Mineral based Industries – II

Sl. No Name of Industry States / Areas where located

1. Cement Industry The first cement factory in India was build at Chennai in 1904.
Today there are about 50 factories in the country. They are
situated in Assam, Karnataka, Chhatisgarh, Himachal Pradesh,
Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan
2. The Chemical and Antibiotic centers at Pimpri near Pune and Rishikesh in Uttranchal.
Drug The Synthetic Drug Plant at Hyderabad and Surgical Instrument
Pharmaceutical Plant at Chennai, Hindustan Insecticides run two factories at Delhi
Industry and Alwaye (Kerala) for manufacturing D.D.T.
3. The Fertilizer Public Sector factories are at Sindri (Jharkhand), Nangal, Trombay,
Industry Gorakhpur, Namrup, (Arunachal Pradesh), Durgapur, Barauni,
Ramagundam (Andhra Pradesh), Talcheri (Orissa), Haldia (West
Bengal), Alwaye (Kerala), Cochin, Chennai, Rourkela, and Neyveli
(Tamil Nadu), Private sector factories are at Ennore (Tamil Nadu),
Varanasi, Vishakhapatnam, Kota and Kanpur
4. The Electronic Bangalore, Hyderabad, Pune, Mumbai, Calcutta (Kolkata) and Delhi
Industry
5. Petro – Chemical Vadodara (Gujarat), Mumbai (Maharashtra).
Industry