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Computer Application Assignment Two

note computer

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Peter Oyugi
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30 views

Computer Application Assignment Two

note computer

Uploaded by

Peter Oyugi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CLASSIFICATION OF COMPUTERS

1. Classification Based on Size and Power

Supercomputers:

Characteristics: Extremely fast, capable of processing vast amounts of data simultaneously; used
for complex calculations (e.g., weather modeling, scientific simulations).

Mainframes:

Characteristics: Large, powerful machines used in organizations for bulk data processing and
critical applications (e.g., banking transactions).

Minicomputers:

Characteristics: Mid-sized, capable of supporting multiple users; often used for specific
applications (e.g., industrial control systems).

Microcomputers:

Characteristics: Small, personal computers like desktops, laptops, and tablets; designed for
individual use.

2. Classification Based on Purpose

General-purpose computers:

Characteristics: Versatile and capable of performing a wide range of tasks (e.g., personal
computers).

Special-purpose computers:

Characteristics: Designed for a specific task (e.g., embedded systems in cars, ATMs).
3. Comparison of Analog, Digital, and Hybrid

ComputersAnalog Computers:

Characteristics: Process continuous data (e.g., voltage levels) and are often used in simulations.

Digital Computers:

Characteristics: Process discrete data using binary; most common type for general computing
tasks (e.g., desktops, servers).

Hybrid Computers:

Characteristics: Combine features of both analog and digital; used in specialized applications
like medical imaging.

4. Classification Based on Processing Capabilities

Single-user systems:

Characteristics: Designed for use by one person at a time (e.g., personal computers).

Multi-user systems:

Characteristics: Support multiple users simultaneously (e.g., mainframes).

Multiprocessing systems:

Characteristics: Use multiple CPUs for parallel processing (e.g., supercomputers).


Multitasking systems:

Characteristics: Allow multiple processes to run concurrently on a single CPU (e.g., modern
operating systems).

5. Classification Based on Architecture

Von Neumann Architecture:

Characteristics: Uses a single memory space for both data and instructions, leading to potential
bottlenecks.

Harvard Architecture:

Characteristics: Has separate memory for data and instructions, allowing for more efficient
processing.

6. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Components Control Unit (CU): Directs operations within the

CPU.

Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU): Performs mathematical and logical operations.

Registers: Small, fast storage locations for immediate data access.


COMPUTER SECURITY

1. Key Principles of Computer Security (CIA Triad)

Confidentiality: Protecting sensitive information from unauthorized access.

Integrity: Ensuring data is accurate and unaltered.

Availability: Ensuring systems and data are accessible when needed.

2. Types of Malware

Viruses: Attach to programs and spread when executed.

Worms: Self-replicate across networks.

Trojans: Disguised as legitimate software but perform harmful actions.

Ransomware: Locks files and demands payment for access.

Spyware: Monitors and collects user information without consent.

3. Role of Encryption

Encryption: Secures data by converting it into a coded format, protecting it during transmission
and when stored.

4. Importance of Security Measures

Firewalls: Filter traffic to prevent unauthorized access.

IDS/IPS: Monitor and respond to suspicious activities.

Antivirus Software: Detects and removes malicious software.

5. Social Engineering Attacks

Phishing: Deceptive attempts to acquire sensitive information.


Baiting: Tempting users to download malware.

Pretexting: Creating false scenarios to extract information.

Human Factor: Lack of awareness can lead to security breaches.

6. Basic Computer Organization Elements

CPU: The brain of the computer, processing instructions.

Memory: Includes RAM (temporary storage) and ROM (permanent storage).

Input/Output Devices: Interfaces for user interaction and data communication.

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