2

v = v f + xv fg w1− 2 = ∫ Pdv
EQUATION SHEET 1

1  dh  P2V2 − P1V1
v= Cp =   W1− 2 =
ρ  dT  p 1− n
V
V = mv  du  W1− 2 = PV ln 2
Cv =   V1
h = u + Pv  dT  v
C p − Cv = R ∫ δQ = ∫ δW
PV = mRT dm c.v. • •
Cp + ∑ m i −∑ m e = 0
Pv = RT =k dt
Cv δQ = δE + δW
• n −1
m = ρAV n −1 kJ ft ⋅ lb f
T2  P2  n V  R = 8.314 = 1545
=  =  1  Kmole ⋅ K lbmol ⋅ R
Q1− 2 = E 2 − E1 + W1− 2 T1  P1   V2  Btu
n = 1.986
P2  V1  lbmol ⋅ R
mV 2 = 
E =U + + mgz P1  V2  R
2 R=
M
• • Vi 2 dE c.v. • V2 •
Q c.v. + ∑ m i (hi + + gz i ) = + ∑ m e (he + e + gz e ) + W c.v.
2 dt 2
Vi 2 Ve2 V22 V12
Qc . v . + ∑ mi (hi + + gz i ) = ∑ me (he + + gz e ) + [m2 (u 2 + + gz 2 )] − [m1 (u1 + + gz1 )] + Wc.v.
2 2 2 2

I 1− 2 = T0 ( S 2 − S1 ) − Q1− 2 Pump work for incompressible fluid w1-2 = −v(P2−P1)

• •
Q1− 2
S gen = S 2 − S1 − W rev = ∑ m i (hi − T0 si ) − ∑ m e (he − T0 se )
T0 Thermal Efficiency ≡ EnergySought
EnergyCost δQ
0
s i = s Ti − R ln
yi P
∫ T
≤0
P0
Energy Sought
I = W rev − W Coefficient of Performance ≡  δQ 
Energy Cost dS =  
𝑐𝑐𝑖𝑖  T  rev
𝑛𝑛𝑖𝑖 = 𝑚𝑚 TdS = dU + PdV
𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖 𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡𝑡 T  P 
TdS = dH − VdP
m nM yM s 2 − s1 = C p 0 ln 2  − R ln 2 
ci = i = i i = i i δQ δ LW
mtotal ∑ n j M j ∑ y j M j dS = +  T1   P1 
T T
ni 𝐶𝐶𝑖𝑖 /𝑀𝑀𝑖𝑖 T  V 
yi = = ∑𝐶𝐶𝑗𝑗 ⁄𝑀𝑀𝑗𝑗
dS net = dS system + dS surrounding ≥ 0 s 2 − s1 = C v 0 ln 2  + R ln 2 
n total
 T1   V1 
V1  Vr1  P1  P 
𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = � 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 𝑇𝑇𝑐𝑐,𝑖𝑖 =
V 
 ; =  r1  P 
V2  r2  s =const P2  Pr 2  s =const s 2 − s1 = ( sT0 2 − sT01 ) − R ln 2 
𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐,𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 = � 𝑦𝑦𝑖𝑖 𝑃𝑃𝑐𝑐,𝑖𝑖  P1 
mtotal n = 0 for Isobaric Process W
M mix = = ∑ yi M i η adiabatic ,turbine = a
n total n = 1 for Isothermal Process
n  Ws
C p , mix = ∑ c i C p ,i PV = C 
n = k for Isentropic Process W
Rmix = ∑ ci Ri n = α for Isochoric Process η adiabatic , pump = s
Wa
Pv •
 Q c.v. 
  •  Va2 / 2
ω = 0.622 dS c.v. • •  L W c.v. 
Pa + ∑ m e se − ∑ m i si = ∑  + ∑ η adiabatic ,nozzle =
dt c.v.  T  c.v.  T  Vs2 / 2
   
Pv
φ=  • • 
Pg t Q + LW c.v.  Pmeff = wnet/(vmax – vmin)
(m2 s2 − m1s1 )c.v. + ∑ me se − ∑ mi si = ∫  c.v.  dt
0
 T 
 

(h2 – h1) = – (h2* – h2) + (h2* – h1*) + (h1* – h1)

(s2 – s1) = – (s2* – s2) + (s2* – s1*) + (s1* – s1)