QUANTITATIVE APTITUDE

&
LOGICAL REASONING

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S.NO. TOPIC PAGE NO.
PART A
UNIT -1
1 Number System 3
2 Lcm and Hcf 5
3 Average 7

UNIT -2
4 Ratio and Proportion 11
5 Percentage 14
6 Profit or Loss & Discount 17

UNIT 3
7 Time and Work 23
8 Pipes and Cistern 26

9 Simple Interest 28
10 Compound Interest 30

UNIT 4
11 Permutation 35
12 Combination 38
13 Probability 39

14 Number Series 43
15 Odd man out 44

UNIT 5
16 Problems on Ages 48
17 Problems on Numbers 50
18 Data Interpretation 51

19 Clocks 57
20 Calendars 58

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 PART B
UNIT-6

21 Mixture and alligation 64

22 Time Speed Distance 65
23 Problems on Trains 67
24 Boats and Streams 68

25 Directions 70
26 Blood relations 71

27 Coding and Decoding 73

28 Analogy 75

29 Alpha Numeric Series 78

30 Inequality 81

31 Syllogism 83

32 Ranking and Ordering 86

33 Seating Arrangement 88

34 Data Sufficiency 94

35 Statement and argument 98

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 UNIT-1
Number System
Exercise Problems
Simplification (BODMAS) :
1. √√14884 + √5476 = ?
2. ∛250047 - ∛103823 = ?
3. 3+3 of 3÷3 of 3×3
4. 12 % of 450 + x % of 200 = 88
5. 2½+4¾-3⅔=?-3⅚
6. 768*768*768+232*232*232 = ?
768*768 - 768*232+232*232

7. (26.912)2 × 6.001 ÷ 6.12 + (7.03)3 + 40.02 = ? – 210.75

Surds & Indices :

1. (6)^4 ÷ (36)^3 × 216 = 6^(?–5)

2.

Divisibility Rules :
1. A number when divided by 136 leaves 36 as remainder. If the same number is divided by 17, what will be
the remainder?
2. A number was divided successively in order by 4,5 and 6. The remainders were respectively 2,3 & 4. The
number is?
Practice Problems
Simplification (BODMAS) :
1. 1800 ÷ [10{(12−6)+(24−12)}]
2. Solve 5 1/2 + 6 1/2 - 8 1/4
3. 999*999 - 949*949 = ?
999 + 949

4. If a - b = 3 and a2 + b2 = 29 find ab = ?

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Surds & Indices :
5. 6412 / 4 15 = 64 ?
6. (25)7.5 x (5)2.5 ÷ (125)1.5 = 5?
Divisibility Rules :
7. On dividing a number by 56, we get 29 as a remainder. On dividing the same number by 8, what will be
the remainder?
8. If the number 517*324 is completely divisible by 3, then the smallest whole number in the place of * will
be ?

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 LCM & HCF
Exercise Problems
1.Find LCM & HCF of the following :12, 15, 18
Product of numbers:
2.The LCM of two numbers is 2079 and their HCF is 27. If one of the numbers is 189,then the other number is?
3.The H.C.F and L.C.M of two numbers are 11 and 385 respectively. If one number lies between 75 and 125 , then
that number is ?
4.If the sum of two numbers is 55 and the H.C.F. and L.C.M. of these numbers are 5 and 120 respectively, then the
sum of the reciprocals of the numbers is equal to?
Same & Different remainders - LCM
5.The least multiple of 7, which leaves a remainder of 4, when divided by 6, 9, 15 and 18 is?
6.Find the greatest number of three digits which on being divided by 2, 3, 4 and 5 leaves 1, 2, 3 and 4 as
remainders respectively?
Same & Different remainders - HCF
7. Find the Greatest Number that will divide 43, 91 and 183 so as to leave the same remainder in each case?
8. The greatest number that will divide 148, 246, and 623 leaving remainders 4, 6, and 11, respectively, is?
Ratio based questions
9. Three numbers are in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 5 and their L.C.M. is 2400. Their H.C.F. is?
10. The ratio of two numbers is 3 : 4 and their H.C.F is 4. Their L.C.M ?
Application based
11. Six bells commence tolling together and toll at intervals of 2, 4, 6, 8 10 and 12 seconds respectively. In 30
minutes, how many times do they toll together ?
12. A merchant has three different types of milk: 25 liters, 55 liters and 125 liters. Find the least number of
casks of equal size required to store all the milk without mixing.?
Practice Questions
13. Find LCM & HCF of the following (a)25, 30, 45
Fractions based questions
14. (i)1/3 ,5/6 , 5/4, 10/7 (ii) 6/9, 4/12 and 3/18

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Decimal based Questions
(iii). 0.6,9.6 and 0.36 (iv) 1.2, 1.5, 2.5
Product of Numbers
15. If H.C.F. and L.C.M. of two numbers are 3 and 60 respectively and. one number is 12 then find the other
number.
Same & Different remainders - LCM
16. The least number which when divided by 8, 12 and 16, leave in each remainder 3, is?
17. Find the least number which when divided by 10, 9 & 8 leaves remainder 9, 8 & 7 respectively in each
case.
Least and Highest 3 or 4 digit Number (Only LCM)
18. Find the least number of 4 digits which is divisible by 4, 6, 8 & 10 leaves no remainder.
19. Find the smallest 4 digit number such that when divided by 12, 18, 21, 28 leaves the remainder 3 in each
case.
20. Find the greatest 4 digit number which when divided by 12, 15, 20 & 35 leaves no remainder.
Application based
21. Three friends J, K and L jog around a circular stadium and complete one round in 12, 18 and 20 seconds
respectively. In how many minutes will all the three meet again at the starting point.
22. The traffic lights at three different road crossings change after every 40 sec, 72 sec and 108 sec respectively.
If they all change simultaneously at 5 : 20 : 00 hours, then find the time at which they will change
simultaneously.

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 AVERAGE
Exercise:
Basic Questions :
1. If the average of three consecutive even numbers is 34, find the largest of these numbers?
2. Average of five numbers is 20. If each number is multiplied by 2, what will be the new average?
Based on Equation :
3. The average of runs of a cricket player of 10 innings was 32. How many runs must he make in his next innings
so as to increase his average of runs by 4?
4. A batsman makes a score of 87 runs in the 17th inning and thus increases his average by 3.Find his average after
the 17th inning?
5. A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. The average number of visitors per
day in a month of 30 days beginning with a Sunday is:
6. The average temperature of the town in the first four days of a month was 58 degrees. The average for the
second, third, fourth and fifth days was 60 degrees. If the temperatures of the first and fifth days were in the ratio
7:8, then what is the temperature on the fifth day?
7. The average weight of A, B and C is 45 kg. If the average weight of A and B be 40 kg and that of B and C be 43
kg, then the weight of B is:
8. Out of 9 persons, 8 persons spent Rs. 30 each for their meals. The ninth one spent Rs. 20 more than the average
expenditure of all the nine. The total money spent by all of them was?
9. The average of marks obtained in 120 students was 35. If the average of passed candidates was 39 and that of
failed candidates is 15, the number of candidates who passed the examinations is?
Mistaken Values:
10. The average weight of 36 men is 50 kg. It was found later that the figure of 37 kg was misread as 73 kg.
What is the correct average?
11. A pupil's marks were wrongly entered as 83 instead of 63. Due to that the average marks for the class got
increased by half. The number of pupils in the class is?
Replacing :
12. The average weight of 8 person's increases by 2.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of them
weighing 65 kg. What might be the weight of the new person?
Including / Excluding :
13. The average age of 14 girls and their teacher's age is 15 years. If the teacher's age is excluded, the average
reduces by 1. What is the teacher's age?
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Practice Questions
Basic Questions :
14. What is the average of the first five multiples of 12?
Equation :
15. The average of Parkash marks in 6 subjects is 74. If his average in five subjects excluding science is 70,
how many marks he obtained in science?
16. A grocer has a sale of Rs 6435, Rs. 6927, Rs. 6855, Rs. 7230 and Rs. 6562 for 5 consecutive months. How
much sale must he have in the sixth month so that he gets an average sale of Rs.6500?
Replacing :
17. The average weight of 12 person's increases by 1.5 kg when a new person comes in place of one of them
weighing 62 kg. What might be the weight of the new person?
Including / Excluding :
18. The average age of 30 students is 9 years. If the teacher is included the average becomes 10 years. What is
the age of the teacher?

Assignment 1
Number System
1. 37.5% of 800 – 6.25% of 1600 =?
2. √289/34) × (68/√1156) × (√961/62) = ?
3. (469+174)2-(469-174)2/469*174=?

4. 2-3.7÷32-1✕(1/16)=2?

5. 1/168072✕497✕1/343=7?

6. ∛68921 + ∛17576=?
7. √{(1.96)+√(23.04)}=?
8. 319.24-106.89+431.65-240.33=?

9. 35% of x ✕3/4=3984.75

10. 8 ⅔ + 9 7/12+ 12 ¾ - 8 ½=?

11.(35/81)✕38✕(9/27)=3?✕243

12. a+b=13 ab=30 then find a2+b2.

13. (i)If the number 1005a4 is completely divisible by 8, then the smallest integer in place of a will be:

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 (ii)If the number 1005a4 is completely divisible by 8, then the largest integer in place of a will be:
14.What should replace ∗ in the number 94 ∗ 2357 so that number is divisible by 11?
15. A number when divided by 296 leaves 75 as remainder, If the same number is divided by 37, then find the
remainder obtained.
HCF and LCM
1.Find LCM of 16,24,36,54.
2.Find HCF of 513,1134,1215.
3.Find HCF and LCM of 2/3,8/9,16/81,10/27
4.Find HCF and Lcm of 0.216,6,2.
5. (i)If Hcf and lcm of two numbers are 11 and 693,one number is 77 then find the another number.
(ii) Hcf and Lcm of two numbers are 12 and 72. Find the difference between two numbers if one number is 24.
6.Find the least number which when divided by 12,15,20 and 27 leaves a remainder 4 .
7.Find the greatest number that will divide 1657 and 2037 leaving remainders 6 and 5 respectively
8.Find the least number of 4 digit exactly divisible by 12,15,18,27.
9.Find the least number which when divided by 20,25,35,40 leaves remainder 14,19,29 and 34 respectively in each
case.
10.Three planets revolve around the sun once in 200,250,300 days respectively in own orbits.when do they all come
relatively to the same position at a certain point of time in their orbits?
11.What is the greatest number that divides 13850,17030 and leaves a remainder 17 in each case?
12.Find the largest number which divides 62,132,237 to leave the same remainder in each case?
13.Find the least number which when divided by 5,6,7,8 leaves remainder 3 , but when divided by 9 leaves no
remainder?
14.Find the greatest possible length which can be used to measure exactly the lengths 4m 95cm, 9m, 16m 65cm?
15.The ratio of two numbers is 3:4. Lcm is 120. Find the sum of the numbers?

Average
1.Find the average of all numbers between 8 and 55 which are divisible by 7.
2.Find the average of the first 7 prime numbers.
3.The average of 3,8,9 and x is 6 and average of 17,2,5,x and y is 8.Find the value of y.
4.Average of 5 consecutive even numbers is 36.Find the difference between highest and lowest of these numbers.
5.A family consists of two grandparents,parents and two grandchildren.The average age of grandparents is 56 and
that of parents is 27 and that of grandchildren is 7 years.Find the average age of the family.
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6.Average marks of three batches of 40,50,60 students respectively is 30,50 and 70,then find the average marks of
all students.
7.Average height of 27 persons was recorded as 162cm.If height of Shreya’s is deleted from observation the
average height reduces by 1cm.Find Shreya’s height.
8.Average of 5 numbers is 57.8.Average of first and second number is 77.5.Average of fourth and fifth number is
46.Find the third number.
9.Average age of A and B is 20 years.If A is to be replaced by C average would be 19 years.The average age of C
and A is 21 years.Find the age of A,B and C.
10.Average monthly income of 4 earning members was Rs.15130.One of the daughters in the family got married
and left home so the average monthly income of the family came down to Rs.14660.Find the monthly income of the
married daughter.
11.The average mark of a student in 6 subjects is 88.On subsequent verification it was found that the mark obtained
by him was wrongly entered as 86 instead of 68.Find the correct average.
12.Out of 4 numbers whose average is 60.First one is ¼ th of the sum of the last three. Find the first number.

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 UNIT - 2
RATIO & PROPORTION
Exercise Problems
Finding Ratio :
1. If a:b = 1 ½ : 2 ¼ and b:c = 2:3 ½, then what is a:b:c equal to
2. If 3A = 5B and 4B = 6C, then A : C is equal to
Divided into parts :
3. Find B's share in Rs.6300 if A:B = 2:3, B:C = 4:5 and C:D = 3:7
4. The cost of making an article is divided between materials, labor and overheads in the ratio of 3:4:1. If the
material cost Rs. 234, then the labor cost?
Based on Numbers :
5. 20% and 50% are 2 numbers respectively more than a 3rd number. Find the ratios of 2 numbers?
6. Rs 650 was divided among 3 children in the ratio 2 : 4 : 7. Had it been divided in the ratio 1/2 : 1/4 : 1/7.
Who would have gained the most and by how much?
Increase / Decrease :
7. The ratio between two numbers is 2:3. If each number is increased by 4, the ratio becomes 5:7, the
difference between numbers.
Income / Expenditure :
8. The income of Riya and Priya are in the ratio of 4:5 and their expenditure is in the ratio of 2:3. If each of
them saves 2000, then find their income.?
9. If the ratio of income in two consecutive years is 2:3 respectively. The ratio of their expenditure is 5:9.
Income of 2nd year is 45000 and expenditure for the 1st year is 25000. Find the savings in both the year?
Coins :
10. A box contains 280 coins of one rupee, 50-paise and 25 paise. The value of each kind of the coins are in
the ratio of 8 : 4 : 3. Then the number of 50 paise coins is.
11. David has Rs.30 rupees in the denomination of 25 paisa, 10 paisa, and 5 paisa in ratio 1:2:3. Calculate
how many 25 paisa coins he has ?

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Partnership :
12. A starts business with Rs. 3500 and after 5 months, B joins with A as his partner. After a year, the profit is
divided in the ratio 2 : 3. What is B's contribution in the capital?
13. A and B started a partnership business investing some amount in the ratio of 3 : 5. C joined them after six
months with an amount equal to that of B. In what proportion should the profit at the end of one year be distributed
among A, B and C ?
14. A, B, C rent a pasture. A puts 10 oxen for 7 months, B puts 12 oxen for 5 months and C puts 15 oxen for 3
months for grazing. If the rent of the pasture is Rs. 175, how much must C pay as his share of rent?
15. A and B invest in a business in the ratio 3 : 2. If 5% of the total profit goes to charity and A's share is Rs.
855, the total profit is:
Practice Problems
Finding Ratio :
1. If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5, then a:b:c = ?
2. If a:b = 2:3 and b:c = 4:5 and c:d= 6:7 then a:b:c:d = ?
3. If 0.75 : x :: 5 : 8, then x is equal to :
4. If a : b = 2 : 5, then the value of (2a + 3b) : (7a + 5b) is
Divided into parts :
5. The sum of three numbers is 140. If the ratio of the first to the second is 2:3 and that of second to the third
is 4:5 then the second number is?
Based on Numbers :
6. The ratio of two numbers is 6:7 , the sum is 650. Find the First number?
7. In a school the number of boys and that of the girls are in the respective ratio of 2:3. If the number of boys
is increased by 20% and that of girls is increased by 10%, what will be the new ratio of number of boys to that of
the girls?
8. A sum of money is to be distributed among P, Q, R and S in the proportion 2:5:6:7, If R get Rs.500 more
than S. What is P’s share?
Increase / Decrease :
9. What number has to be added to each term of 4 : 7 to make the ratio 5 : 6?
10. A, B and C divide Rs 4200 among themselves in the ratio 7 : 8 : 6. If Rs 200 is added to each of their
shares, what is the new ratio in which they will receive the money?
11. Salaries of Ravi and Sumit are in the ratio 2 : 3. If the salary of each is increased by Rs. 4000, the new
ratio becomes 40 : 57. What is Sumit's salary?
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Income / Expenditure :
12. The ratio of monthly income of X and Y is 3 : 5 and their ratio of expenditure is 1 : 2. If each saves
Rs.5000 per month, then what is the monthly income of X ?
13. The cost of an article depends on three items – material, labour and other expenses. The cost on these
items is in the ratio 3 : 4 : 1 respectively. If the cost of material is Rs.22.50,find the cost of the article.
Coins :
14. A bag contains one-rupee, 50-paise and 25-paise coins in the ratio 5 : 6 : 8. If the total amount of money in
the bag is Rs.210, find the number of coins of each kind.
15. The ratio of coins of one – rupee, 50 paise and 25 paise in a bag 4 : 5 : 6. If the total number of coins is
120 then the number of coins of 25 paise.

Partnership :
1. A, B and C started a business by investing Rs.120000, Rs. 135000 and Rs.150000 respectively. Find the
share of each, out of an annual profit of Rs. 56700.
2. A invested Rs.76000 in a business. After a few months, B joined him with Rs.57000. At the end of the
year, the total profit was divided between them in the ratio 2 : 1. After how many months did B join?
3. Alfred started a business investing Rs.45000. After 3 months, Peter joined him with a capital of Rs.60000.
After another 6 months, Ronald joined them with a capital of Rs.90000. At the end of the year, they made a profit
of Rs.16500. Find the share of each.
4. Four milkmen rented a pasture. A grazed 24 cows for 3 months; B 10 cows for 5 months; C 35 cows for 4
months and D 21 cows for 3 months. If A’s share of rent is Rs.720, find the total rent of the field.

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 PERCENTAGE
Exercise Problems
Finding 100%
1. In an examination 65 % of students are passed and no of failures is 420.Find the total strength?
Percentage Increase / Decrease :
2. If the price of rice is 30% less than that of wheat, the price of wheat is how much per cent more than that
of rice?
3. Two numbers are less than a third number by 30% and 37% respectively. How much percent is the second
number less than the first?
4. A student multiplied a number by 3/5 instead of 5/3. What is the percentage error?
Salary :
5. Surya spends 20% of his monthly salary on food, 40% of the remaining on house rent and the balance
amount is spent on other items of routine expenses. What is his yearly salary if he spends Rs. 5760 per month on
other items of routine expenses?
Based on Election :
6. In a particular constituency, 75% of voters cast their votes, out of which 2% were rejected. The winning
candidate received 75% of the valid votes and bagged a total of 9261 votes. The total number of voters in the
constituency is?
Based on Mark :
7. Two students appeared at an examination. One of them secured 9 marks more than the other and his marks
were 56% of the sum of their marks. What are the marks obtained by both of them?
8. In an examination, P scored 30 % marks and failed by 15 marks. Q scored 40 % marks and obtained 35
marks more than those required to pass. Find the pass percentage.
Based on Consumption :
9. The price of diesel increases by 50 %. Find by how much percent a truck owner must reduce his
consumption in order to maintain the same budget?
10. The price of rice falls by 25 %. By what percentage can a person increase the consumption of rice so that
his overall budget does not change?
Based on Population / Machine :
11. The population of a city is 50,000 at present. It increases at the rate of 10% per annum. What will be its
population 3 years from now?

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12. In a class, 15% of the total number of students failed in Science, 25% of the total number of students
failed in Maths and 10% of total number of students failed in both. How much percentage of students passed in
both Maths and Science?
Practice Problems
Finding 100% :
13. A fruit seller had some mangoes. He sells 30% mangoes and still has 280 mangoes. Find the number of
mangoes he had.
Percentage Increase / Decrease :
14. If Salary of Vivek is 25% more than the salary of Nilesh, then by what percent is the salary of Nilesh less
than Vivek?
15. The salary of a person was reduced by 10%. By what percent should his reduced salary be raised, so as to
bring it with his original salary?
16. If A’s salary is 30% less than that of B, then how much percent is B’s salary more than that of A?
17. A student misread the number 7/6 as 6/7. Find the Error percentage ?
Net change :
18. Ramesh’s salary was reduced by 10% and then the reduced salary was increased by 10%. What was his
ultimate loss?
19. If one side of a rectangle is first increased by 20% and the other side is decreased by 12%, then what is
the change in area in percent?
Salary :
20. Radha spends 40% of her salary on food, 20% on house rent, 10% on entertainment and 10% on
conveyance. If her savings at the end of the month are Rs 1500, then what is her monthly salary?
Election :
21. In an election which was contested by 2 candidates, one candidate got 40% of total votes and yet lost by
1000 votes. What is the total number of votes casted in the election?
Mark based :
22. Y has to score 40% marks to pass. He gets 20 marks and fails by 40 marks. The maximum marks of the
exam are?
23. In a test, A scored 10% more than B and B scored 5% more then C. If C scored 300 marks out of 400, then
A's marks are?

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Based on Consumption :
24. If the price of an article is increased by 15%, then by how much the household should decrease their
consumption so as to keep his expenditure the same.
25. The price of cooking oil has increased by 25%. By what percent should a family reduce the consumption
of cooking oil so as not to increase the expenditure in this account?
Based on Population / Machine :
26. The population of a city is 66550 at present. It increases at the rate of 10% per annum. What was its
population 2 years ago from present?
27. The town had a population of 50,000 in 1988. In one year i.e. by 1989 it increased by 25%. Next year i.e.
in 1990, it decreased by 30%. The next year in 1991 there was an increase of 40%. What was the population at the
end of 1991?
28. The value of the machine depreciates at the rate of 10 % per annum. If the cost of the machine at present
is Rs. 160,000, then what will be its worth after 2 years?
29. The value of the Xerox machine depreciates at the rate of 10 % per annum. If the cost of the machine at
present is Rs. 72,600 then what was the value of the machine before 2 years?

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 PROFIT LOSS & DISCOUNT
Exercise Problems
Finding Profit & Loss % :
1. The Cost price of Mobile is Rs.5000 and it sold for Rs.5500. Find Profit Percent?
2. Pavithra buys an old cycle for Rs. 800 and spends Rs. 400 on its repairs. If he sells the cycle for Rs. 1800,
his gain percent is:
3. If the cost price of 16 pens is equal to the selling price of 12 pens, the gain percent is ?
4. If the manufacturer gains 20 %, the wholesale dealer 20% and the retailer 25 %, then find the cost of
production of a table if the retail price was Rs 1800.
5. A dishonest shopkeeper used a weight of about 900 gm for 1 kg weight. Find his profit percentage.
6. Some articles were bought at 6 articles for Rs. 5 and sold at 5 articles for Rs. 6. Gain percent is:
Finding Cost Price & Selling Price :
7. A person sells 12 oranges per rupee and suffers a loss of 10%. Find how many oranges per rupee to be
sold to have a gain of 8%?
8. By selling an article for Rs 480 more, Prakash would have made 5% profit on his sale instead of a 11%
loss. What was his cost price?
Profit = Loss :
9. The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs. 960 is equal to the percentage loss incurred by
selling the same article for Rs. 640. At what price should the article be sold to make 25% profit?
Same product C.P with different percentage :
10. Anusha bought two fans for Rs. 1800 each and sold one at a loss of 20% and other at a profit of 30%.
What will be the total loss or profit %?
11. Kalaivani sells two flats at Rs.250000 each, making a profit of 20% on the first article and a loss of 20%
on the second article. Find the net Profit or loss that he makes?
Discount :
12. Successive discounts of 20% and 10% are equivalent to a single discount of?
13. The marked price of a watch is Rs.600. The seller allows a discount of 10% and gains 8%. If no discount is
allowed, find his profit %.
14. The difference between the discount of 15% and two successive discounts of 10% each on a certain bill was
Rs.32. Find the billed amount?
15. A dealer marks his goods 40% above the cost price. He then allows some discount on it and makes a profit of
10%. Find the rate of discount.
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16. After two successive discounts, a tie with a list price of Rs. 200 is available at Rs. 171. If the second discount is
5 %, what is the first discount?

Practice Problems
Finding Profit & Loss % :
1. If the manufacturer gains 10%, the wholesale dealer 15% and the retailer 25%, then find the cost of production
of a table, the retail price of which is Rs.1265 ?
Finding Cost Price & Selling Price :
2. A chair is bought for Rs.650 and q sold at a loss of 8%. Find its S.P.?
3. A man sold an article Rs 1980 & gained 10 %, Find C.P ?
4. A man sold an article per piece for Rs 1500, a man loses 25 % , Find C.P.?
5. If the cost price is 96% of the selling price, then what is the profit percent ?
Profit = Loss :
6. The profit earned after selling an article for Rs. 1256 is the same as the loss incurred after selling the article for
Rs. 1044. What is the cost price of the article?
Same product C.P with different percentage :
7. A man sells two articles for Rs.240 each. On one he gains 20% and on the other he loses 20%. What is the gain
or loss percent in the entire transaction?
8. A man sells two flats at the rate of Rs.1.995 lakhs each. On one he gains 5% and on the other, he loses 5%. His
gain or loss percent in the whole transaction is?
Discount :
9. Successive discounts of 10%, 12% and 15% amount to a single discount of ?
10. An article is listed at Rs.900 and two successive discounts of 8% and 8% are given on it. How much would the
seller gain or lose, if he gives a single discount of 16%, instead of two discounts?
11. A trader lists his article at 20% above cost price and allows a discount of 10% on cash payment. Find his profit
per cent?
12. The marked price of a watch was Rs.820. A man bought the same for Rs.570.72 after getting two successive
discounts of which the first was 20%. The rate of second discount was
13. A trader lists his article at 20% above cost price and allows a discount of 10% on cash payment.Find his profit
percent?
ASSIGNMENT - 1
RATIO & PROPORTION
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1. If 5 : a : : 20 : 28, then a is equal to
2. If a : b = 7 : 9 and b : c = 15 : 7, then what is a : c?
3. If A : B = 12 : 38 , B : C = 13 : 59 , C : D = 56 : 34 , then the ratio A : B : C : D is
4. The fourth proportional to 5, 8, 15 is
5. The third proportional to 38 and 15 is
6. Seema and Meena divide a sum of Rs.25000 in the ratio of 3 : 2 respectively. If Rs.5000 is added to each
of their shares, what would be the new ratio formed?
7. The sum of three numbers is 116. The second number and the third number are in the ratio of 9 : 16 while
the first number and the third number are in the ratio of 1 : 4. Find the second number.
8. If Rs.1066 are divided among A, B, C and D such that A : B = 3 : 4, B : C = 5 : 6 and
C : D = 7 : 5, who will get the maximum?
9. Two numbers are in the ratio 3 : 4. If the difference of their squares is 63, then the numbers are
10. The ratio of incomes of two persons is 5 : 3 and that of their expenditures is 9 : 5. If they save Rs.2600
and Rs.1800 respectively, their incomes are ?
11. Two numbers are in the ratio 7 : 11. If 7 is added to each of the numbers, the ratio becomes 2 : 3. The
smaller number is
12. There are 420 coins consisting of one-rupee coins, 50-paise coins and 25-paise coins. If the ratio of their
values be 2 : 3 : 5, then the number of one-rupee coins is
13. A bag contains 1 rupee, 50 paisa and 25 paisa coins in the ratio of 3 : 4 : 8. If the total value is Rs.56, then
find the total number of coins.
14. A invested Rs.76000 in a business. After few months, B joined him with Rs.57000. At the end of the
year, the total profit was divided between them in the ratio 2 : 1. After how many months did B join?
15. Alfred started a business investing Rs.45000. After 3 months, Peter joined him with a capital of Rs.60000.
After another 6 months, Ronald joined them with a capital of ` 90000. At the end of the year, they made a profit of
Rs.16500. Find the share of each.

19
ASSIGNMENT - 2
PERCENTAGE
1. If 60% of the students in a school are boys and the number of girls is 972, how many boys are there in the
school?
2. Two numbers are less than a third number number by 30% and 37% respectively. The percent by which
the second number is less than the first is :
3. If price of book is first decreased by 25% and then increased by 20%, the net change in the price of the
book will be
4. In an examination, 35% of total students failed in Hindi, 45% failed in English and 20% in both. Find the
percentage of those who passed in both the subjects.
5. In an examination, 65% of the total examinees passed. If the number of failures is 420, the total number of
examinees is
6. The present population of a village is 5500. If the number of males increases by 11% and the number of
females increases by 20%, then the population will become 6330. What is the present population of females in the
village?
7. At an election involving two candidates, 68 votes were declared invalid. The winning candidate secures
52% and wins by 98 votes. The total number of votes polled is ?
8. In an election, a total of 5,00,000 voters participated. A candidate got 2,55,000 votes which was 60% of
the total valid votes. What was the percentage of invalid votes?
9. A man spends 35% of his income on food, 25% on children’s education and 80% of the remaining on
house rent. What percent of his income is he left with?
10. Mr. More spent 20% of his monthly income on food and 15% on children’s education. 40% of the
remaining he spent on entertainment and transport together and 30% on medical. He is left with an amount of `
8775 after all these expenditures. What is Mr. More’s monthly income?
11. The price of oil has increased by 25%. If the expenditure is not allowed to increase, the ratio between the
reduction in consumption and the original consumption is
12. The population of a town is 1771561. If it had been increasing at 10% per annum, its population 6 years
ago was
13. The population of a town is 8500. It increases by 20% in the first year and by another 25% in the second
year. What would be the population of the town after 2 years?
14. The price of wheat falls by 16%. By what percentage can a person increase the consumption of wheat so
that his overall budget does not change?

20
15. The price of a certain item has increased by 15%. If a consumer wants to keep his expenditure on the item
the same as before, how much percent must he reduce his consumption of that item?

ASSIGNMENT - 3
PROFIT AND LOSS
1. By selling a car for 64,000, Mr. Rao lost 20%. Then the cost price of the car is :
2. By selling 33 meters of cloth, a person gains the cost of 11 meters. Find his gain%
3. If bananas are bought at the rate of 4 for a rupee, how many must be sold for a rupee so as to gain 33 .33%
?
4. The cost price of 36 books is equal to the selling price of 30 books. The gain per cent is :
5. A dishonest shopkeeper professes to sell goods at his cost price but uses a false weight of 950 gms, for
each kilogram. His gain per cent is :
6. Oranges are bought at a rate of 7 for Rs.3. At what rate per hundred must they be sold to gain 33%?
7. The ratio of cost price and selling price is 5 : 4, the loss per cent is :
8. The prices of a refrigerator and a television set are in the ratio 5 : 3. If the refrigerator costs Rs.5500 more
than the television set, then the price of the refrigerator is: .
9. By selling a fan for 600, a man loses 10%. To make a gain of 20%, the selling price of the fan should be
10. A man sells a car to his friend at 10% loss. If the friend sells it for 54,000 and gains 20%, the original cost
price of the car was
11. An article is sold at a loss of 10%. Had it been sold for 9 more, there would have been a gain of 12.5%
on it. The cost price of the article is :
12. A sells a bicycle to B at a profit of 20%. B sells it to C at a profit of 25%. If C pays 225/- for it, the cost
price of the bicycle for A is :
13. The difference between the selling prices of an article at a profit of 15% and at a profit of 10% is Rs.10.
The cost price of the article is
14. By selling 14 watches of equal cost price at the rate of 450 each, there is a profit equal to the cost price of
4 watches. The cost price of a watch is
15. If 12 copies of a book were sold for Rs.1800/- thereby gaining cost price of 3 copies. The cost price of a
copy is :

21
Discount :
16. Successive discounts of 10% and 30% are equivalent to a single discount of :
17. The marked price of an article is Rs.500. It is sold at successive discounts of 20% and 10%. The selling
price of the article (in rupees) is :
18. A tradesman marks his goods 10% above his cost price. If he allows his customers 10% discount on the
marked price, how much profit or loss does he make, if any?
19. A tradesman marks his goods at 20% above the cost price. He allows his customers a discount of 8% on
marked price. Find out his profit per cent
20. A shopkeeper marks his goods 20% above cost price, but allows a 30% discount for cash. His net loss is :
21. A shopkeeper marks his sarees at 20% above the cost price and allows the purchaser a discount of 10% for
cash buying. What profit percent does he make?
22. A dealer offers a discount of 10% on the marked price of an article and still makes a profit of 20%. If its
marked price is 800, then the cost price of the article is :
23. The marked price of an article is 200. A discount of 12 1/2 %is allowed on the marked price and a profit
of 25% is made. The cost price of the article is :
24. The marked price of an electric iron is Rs.690. The shopkeeper allows a discount of 10% and gains 8%. If
no discount is allowed, his gain per cent would be
25. A discount of 24% on the marked price of an article is allowed and then the article is sold for Rs.342. The
marked price of the article is
26. Rahim bought a T.V. with a 20% discount on list price. Had he bought it with 25% discount he would
have saved Rs.500. At what price did he buy the T.V?
27. At what percentage above the cost price must an article be marked so as to gain 33% after allowing a
customer a discount of 5% ?
28. The marked price is 20% higher than the cost price. A discount of 20% is given on the marked price. By
this type of sale, there is
29. How much percent above the cost price should a shopkeeper mark his goods so as to earn a profit of 32%
after allowing a discount of 12% on the marked price ?
30. A businessman allows a discount of 10 % on the marked price. What percent above the cost price must he
mark his goods to make a profit of 17 per cent ?

22
 UNIT-3
TIME AND WORK
Exercise Problems
Individual / Combined work :
1. A completes the work in 10 days and B completes the work in 15 days. In how many days they will
complete the work.
2. X and Y can complete a task in 16 days; Y & Z can complete the same task in 24 days and X, Y & Z
together can complete in 12 days. The time taken by X & Z together to complete the task is?
Alternative days :
3. A, B and C can do a piece of work in 20, 30 and 60 days respectively. In how many days
can A do the work if he is assisted by B and C on every third day?
Remaining Work :
4. A can do the piece of work in 20 days which B can do in 12 days. B worked at it for 9 days. A can finish
the remaining work in
5. A can complete a work in 25 days,B can do it in 20 days,A started the work and after 10 days B also
joined him. How many days does the work last?
6. A, B and C can do a piece of work in 24, 30 and 40 days respectively. They began the work together but C
left 4 days before completion of the work. In how many days was the work done?
7. A can completed 2/3 of a work in 8 days and B can completed 3/5 of the work in 6 days. In how many
days can both A and B together complete the work ?
Efficiency Based :
8. Sakshi can do a piece of work in 20 days. Tanya is 25% more efficient than Sakshi. The number of days
taken by Tanya to do the same piece of work is?
9. A is thrice as good a workman as B and takes 60 days less than B for doing a job. The time in which they
can do it together is:
Amount Split :
10. A alone can do a piece of work in 6 days and B alone in 8 days. A and B undertook to do it for Rs. 3200.
With the help of C, they completed the work in 3 days. How much is to be paid to C?
Chain Rule :
11. If 100 Men were employed to finish a work in 180 days. After 60 days it was found that only 1/5 of the work
was done. How many more men needed to finish the work in the stipulated time ?

23
Group of Male & Female or Boy’s :
12. If 12 men or 18 women can reap a field in 14 days, then working at the same rate, 8 men and 16 women
can reap the same field in:
13. If 4 men and 6 women finish a job in 8 days, while 3 men and 7 women finish it in 10 days. In how many
days will 10 women working together finish it ?
Practice Problems
Individual / Combined work :
14. A and B together can finish a work in 9 days. A alone can finish the work in 12 days. In how many days
will B alone finish the work?
Alternative days :
15. A can do a work in 10 days, B can do it 15 days. In how many days they will finish it if the work is
started by A?
Remaining Work :
16. A can complete a piece of work in 18 days, B in 20 days and C in 30 days, B and C together start the
work and are forced to leave after 2 days. The time taken by A alone to complete the remaining work
17. A can do 1/6 of a work in 5 days and B can do 2/5 of the work in 8 days. In how many days, can both A
and B together do the work ?
Efficiency Based :
18. A is twice as good a workman as B and together they finish a piece of work in 14 days. The number of
days taken by A alone to finish the work is
Amount Split :
19. A can do the work in 30 days , B can do it in 40 days, they worked together and got Rs.7000. How much
is to be paid to B?
Chain Rule :
20. If 20 laborers working 7 hours a day can finish a piece of work in 30 days. If the laborers work 5 hours a
day, then will the number of laborers finish the same piece of work in 40 days?
21. If 12 men can complete one-third of work in 8 days. In how many days can 16 men complete the rest of
the work?
Group of Male & Female or Boy’s :
22. If 2 men and 3 boys can do a piece of work in 10 days while 3 men and 2 boys can do the same work in 8
days. In how many days can 2 men and 1 boy do the work.

24
23. If 25 men with 10 boys can do in 6 days as much work as 21 men with 30 boys can do in 5 days. How
many boys must help 40 men to do the same work in 4 days?

25
 Pipes and Cistern
Exercise Problems
To Find Total Time :
1. Pipe A, B and C can fill the cistern in 5, 10 and 15 hours respectively. Pipe D can empty the cistern in 10
hours. If all the four pipes are opened at 6 AM, at what time will the cistern be full?
2. It takes two pipes A and B, running together, to fill a tank in 6 minutes. It takes A 5 minutes less than B to
fill the tank, then what will be the time taken by B alone to fill the tank?
Efficiency based :
3. Pipe B is half efficient as pipe A. Pipe A can empty a tank in 30 min. Both the pipes are opened
simultaneously and emptied the tank. If the tank is full, in how many minutes will it be emptied?
4. If 4 pipes can fill a reservoir in 15, 20, 30 and 60 hours respectively. If the first Was opened at 6 AM,
second at 7 AM, third at 8 AM and fourth at 9 AM. When will the reservoir be full?
Alternative :
5. Two pipes A and B work alternatively with a third pipe C to fill a swimming pool. Working alone, A, B
and C require 10, 20 and 15 hours respectively. Find the total time required to fill the pool.
Remaining Part :
6. Two pipes A,B can fill a tank in 24 min. and 32 min. respectively. If both the pipes are opened
simultaneously, after how much time B should be closed so that the tank is full in 18 min.?
Practice Problems
To Find Total Time :
1. Pipe a can fill a tank in 5 minutes, pipe B in 10 minutes and pipe C in 30 minutes. If all the pipes are open,
in how many hours will the tank be completely filled?
2. If three pipes are opened together, a tank is filled in 12 hours. If one of the taps can fill in 10 hours and
another in 15 hours. At what time does the third pipe empty the tank?
3. Pipe A takes 12 hrs to fill the tank, Pipe B takes 15 hrs to fill the tank, Pipe C takes 6 hrs to empty the
tank. For 5 hrs in the beginning, pipe A and B are opened and then the third pipe also opened. After how much time
will the tank be filled or emptied?
Efficiency based :
4. A tank is filled in 5 hours by three pipes A,B and C. The Pipe C is twice as fast as B and B is twice as fast
as A.How much time will pipe A alone take to fill the tank?
5. Pipe A can fill the tank 3 times faster in comparison to pipe B. It takes 36 minutes for pipe A and B to fill
the tank together. How much time will pipe B alone take to fill the tank?
26
Alternative :
6. Pipe A could fill an empty cistern in 18 hrs while pipe B can drain a filled cistern in 30 hrs. When the
cistern is empty, pipe A is turned on for an hour and then turned off. The pipes were alternately left open for an
hour each time till the cistern was full. How much time did it take for the cistern to be full?
Remaining Part :
7. Three pipes A, B and C fill a cistern in 6 hrs, after working together for 2 hours C is closed and A and B
fill the cistern in 8 hours. Then find the time in which the cistern can be filled by pipe C?
Capacity of the Tank :
8. If two pipes can fill a cistern in 24 and 20 minutes respectively and another pipe can empty 3 gallons of
water per minute from that cistern. When all the three pipes are working together, it takes 15 minutes to fill the
tank. What is the capacity of the cistern?

27
 SIMPLE INTEREST
Exercise problems
Finding S.I :
1. The simple interest on a sum of money will be Rs.600 after 10 years. If the principal is tripled after 5 years
what will be the total interest at the end of the tenth year?
2. Sonika deposited Rs.8000 which amounted to Rs.9200 after 3 years at simple interest. Had the interest
been 2% more. She would get how much?
Finding Principal :
3. A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs. 815 in 3 years and to Rs. 854 in 4 years. The sum is?
4. A person lent a certain sum of money at 4% per annum at simple interest and in 8 years the interest
amounted to Rs.340 less than the sum lent. What was the sum lent?
5. Rs.2500 is divided into two parts such that if one part is put out at 5% simple interest and the other at 6%,
the yearly annual income may be Rs.140. How much was lent at 5%?
Finding Time Period :
6. The simple interest on a sum of money is 4/9 of the principal and the number of years is equal to the rate
percent. Find the rate and the time?
7. What will be the ratio of simple interest earned by a certain amount at the same rate of interest for 6 years
and that for 9 years?
Doubles or Triples :
8. At what rate percent on simple interest will a sum of money four times itself in 10 years?

Practice Problems
Finding S.I :
1. Find S.I and an amount for Rs.20000 at 6% for 3 years.
2. A sum of ` 800 amounts to ` 920 in 3 years at simple interest. If the interest rate is increased by 3%, it
would amount to how much ?
3. A sum of money invested at simple interest triples in 8 years. How many times will it become in 20 years
?
Finding Principal :
4. A sum of Rs.2600 is lent in two parts so that the interest on the first part for a period of 3 years at 5% may
be equal to the interest on the second part for 6 years at 4%. The second part is equal to ?

28
Finding Rate of Interest :
5. At what rate percent on simple interest will Rs.750 amount to Rs.900 in 5 years?
6. A certain sum amounts to Rs.1725 in 3 years and Rs.1875 in 5 years. Find the rate % per annum?
Finding Amount :
7. If Rs.450 amounts to Rs.540 in 4 years, what will it amount to in 6 years at the same rate % per annum?
8. An amount of Rs. 3000 becomes Rs. 3600 in four years at simple interest. If the rate of interest was 1%
more, then what was the total amount?
Finding Time Period :
9. In how many years does a sum of Rs. 5000 yield a simple interest of Rs. 16500 at 15% p.a.?
Doubles or Triples :
10. A sum of money becomes triple itself in 5 years at simple interest. How many years will it become six
times at the same rate?

29
 COMPOUND INTEREST
Exercise Problems
Finding C.I. & Amount :
1. Find the C.I. & amount for Rs. 5000 at 10% per annum for 2 years ?
2. Find the C.I. for Rs. 20000 at 20% for 1 yr 6 months which is compounded half-yearly ?
3. Find the C.I. for Rs.10000 at 12% for 9 months which is compounded quarterly?
Finding Rate of Interest :
4. An amount of Rs. 500 amounts to Rs. 583.20 in two years if compounded annually. Find the rate of
interest per annum.
Finding Time :
5. In what time will Rs 5400 amount to Rs 6773.76 at 12% per annum compounded annually?
Finding Principal :
6. A certain sum amounts to Rs. 7000 in 2 years and to Rs. 8000 in 3 years. Find the sum.
Doubles & Triples :
7. A sum of money triples itself in 3 years at compound interest. In how many years will it become 9 times
itself ?
Difference b/w S.I & C.I:
9. The difference between C.I. and S.I. accrued on an amount of Rs. 20,000 in 2 years was Rs. 392. Find the
rate of interest per annum.
8. The difference between CI and SI on a certain sum of money for 3 years at 5% p.c.p.a. is Rs.122. Find the
sum invested.

Practice Problems
Finding Rate of Interest :
1. Compound interest earned on a sum for the second and the third years are Rs.1200 and Rs.1440
respectively. Find the rate of interest?
Finding Time:
2. Rs.8000 becomes Rs.9261 in a certain interval of time at the rate of 5% per annum of C.I. Find the time?
Finding Principal :
3. A certain sum amounts to Rs. 2420 in 2 years and to Rs. 2662 in 3 years. Find the sum.

Doubles & Triples:

30
4. A sum of money doubles itself at compound interest in 10 years. In how many years will it be eight times?
Difference b/w S.I & C.I :
5. The difference between C.I. and S.I. a certain sum at 10 % per annum for 2 years is Rs. 530. Find the sum.
6. The difference between the amount the amount of compound interest and simple interest accrued on an
amount of Rs.26000 at the end of 3 years is Rs. 2994.134. What is the rate of interest p.c.p.a.?

ASSIGNMENT - 1
TIME AND WORK
1. A and B can do work in 12days, B and C in 15 days and C and A in 20 days. If A, B and C work together,
they will complete the work in
2. A and B can do a piece of work in 72 days. B and C can do it in 120 days, A and C can do it in 90 days. In
how many days all the three together can do the work ?
3. A can do a piece of work in 18 days. He worked at it for 12 days and B finished the remaining work in 8
days. B alone can do the whole work in
4. A and B can do a work in 8 days, B and C can do the same work in 12 days. A, B and C together can
finish it in 6 days. A and C together will do it in :
5. A and B together can do a piece of work in 9 days. If A does thrice the work of B in a given time, the time
A alone will take to finish the work is
6. A and B can do work in 18 and 24 days respectively. They worked together for 8 days and then A left.
The remaining work was finished by B in :
7. A and B can do a job in 6 and 12 days respectively. They began the work together but A leaves after 3
days. Then the total number of days needed for the completion of the work is :
8. A and B can do a piece of work in 20 days and 12 days respectively. A started the work alone and then
after 4 days B joined him till the completion of the work. How long did the work last ?
9. A, B and C can complete a work in 10, 12 and 15 days respectively. They started the work together. But A
left the work before 5 days of its completion. B also left work 2 days after A left. In how many days was the work
completed?
10. A and B alone can complete work in 9 days and18 days respectively. They worked together; however, 3
days before the completion of the work A left. In how many days was the work completed ?
11. A can finish a work in 18 days and B can do the same work in 15 days. B worked for 10 days and left the
job. In how many days, A alone can finish the remaining work?

31
12. 5 men can do a piece of work in 6 days while 10 women can do it in 5 days. In how many days can 5
women and 3 men do it ?
13. A can do a work in 15 days and B in 20 days.If they together work on it for 4 days, then the fraction of the
work that is left is:
14. A can cultivate 2/5 th of a land in 6 days and B can cultivate 1/3 rd of the same land in 10 days. Working
together A and B can cultivate 4/5 th of the land in:
15. A can do a certain job in 12 days. B is 60% more efficient than A. Then B can do the same piece of work
in
16. A is 50% as efficient as B. C does half of the work done by A and B together. If C alone does the work in
20 days, then A, B and C together can do the work in
17. A is thrice as good a workman as B and is, therefore, able to finish a piece of work in 60 days less than B.
The time (in days) in which they can do it working together is
18. If 39 persons can repair a road in 12 days working 5 hours a day. In how many days will 30 persons
working 6 hours a day complete the work ?

ASSIGNMENT - 2
SIMPLE INTEREST
1. A sum of Rs.1600 gives a simple interest of Rs.252 in 2 years and 4 months. The rate of interest per
annum is
2. If simple interest on Rs.600 for 4 years and on Rs.600 for 2 years combined together is 180, find the rate
of interest.
3. A sum of money at simple interest amounts to Rs.815 in 3 years and to Rs.854 in 4 years. The sum is
4. A sum becomes its double in 10 years. Find the annual rate of simple interest.
5. The interest earned on Rs.15000 in 3 years at simple interest is Rs.5400. Find the rate of interest per
annum
6. Find the amount to be received after 2 years 6 months at the rate of 5% p.a. of simple interest on a sum of
Rs.3200.
7. A sum was put at simple interest at a certain rate for 3 years. Had it been put at 1% higher rate, it would
have fetched Rs.5100 more. The sum is
8. If the simple interest for 6 years is equal to 30% of the principal, will it be equal to the principal after how
many years?
9. A sum of money at simple interest doubles in 7 years. It will become four times in:

32
10. A sum of money trebles itself in 15 years and 6 months. In how many years would it double itself ?

COMPOUND INTEREST
11. After 3 years, how much compound interest will be obtained on Rs.7800 at the interest rate of 5% per
annum?
12. Find the compound interest on Rs.10,000 in 2 years at 4% per annum, the interest being compounded half
- yearly.
13. Find the compound interest on Rs.15625 for 9 months at 16% per annum compounded quarterly.
14. The difference between the compound interest and the simple interest accrued on an amount of ` 18,000 in
2 years was Rs.405. What was the rate of interest p.c.p.a.?
15. What would be the compound interest accrued on an amount of ` 8000 at the rate of 15 p.c.p.a. in 3 years?
16. The compound interest on Rs.30,000 at 7% per annum is ` 4347. The period (in years) is
17. Rs.2000 amounts to Rs.2226.05 in 2 years at compound interest. What will be the rate of interest?
18. A sum of money put at compound interest amounts in 2 years to Rs.672 and in 3 years to Rs. 714. The rate
of interest per annum is
19. A sum of money at compound interest doubles itself in 15 years. It will become eight times of itself in
20. At the rate of compound interest, a sum of money triples in 2 years. Then how many years will it become
27 times?
ASSIGNMENT - 3
PIPES AND CISTERNS
21. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 20 minutes and 30 minutes respectively. If both pipes are opened
together, the time taken to fill the tank is
22. A cistern can be filled with water by a pipe in 5 hours and it can be emptied by a second pipe in 4 hours. If
both the pipes are opened when the cistern is full, the time in which it will be emptied is :
23. Two pipes can fill a cistern in 3 hours and 4 hours respectively and a waste pipe can empty it in 2 hours. If
all the three pipes are kept open, then the cistern will be filled in :
24. If 3 /4 part of a tank is full of water. When 30 liters of water is taken out, the tank becomes empty. The
capacity of the tank is
25. Pipes P and Q can fill a tank in 10 and 12 hours respectively and C can empty it in 6 hours. If all the three
are opened at 7am, at what time will one-fourth of the tank be filled ?
26. If 3 /5 th of a cistern is filled in 1 minute, the time needed to fill the rest is

33
27. Three taps A, B and C can fill a tank in 12, 15 and 20 hours respectively. If A is open all the time and B
and C are open for one hour each alternatively, the tank will be full in :
28. One pipe can fill a tank three times as fast as another pipe. If together the two pipes can fill the tank in 36
minutes, the slower pipe alone will be able to fill the tank in
29. Three pipes A, B and C can fill a cistern in 6 hours. After working at it together for 2 hours, C is closed
and A and B fill it in 7 hours more. The time taken by C alone to fill the cistern is
30. Two pipes A and B can fill a tank in 36 minutes and 45 minutes respectively. Another pipe C can empty
the tank in 30 minutes. First A and B are opened. After 7 minutes, C is also open. The tank is filled up in ?

34
 UNIT 4
Permutation
Exercise:
1. Find the value of 20P2
2. Total Number of Arrangement
a. ENGLISH b) RUMOUR
Vowels Comes together
a) MAILING b)MALAYALAM
Vowels Never Comes together
Vowels Never Comes together = Total Number of Arrangement - Vowels comes together
3. OPPOSITE
Some letters Comes together
4. NORMAL = > AM-always comes together
5. APPLE => AE - always comes together
NO Two Vowel Comes together

n= number of objects , r = number of objects arranged

6. SISTER
Vowels in ODD / EVEN places
7. In how many possible ways can the letters of the word SUCCESS be arranged such that vowels occupy
only in ODD places?
Based On Numbers -Repetition Allowed/ Not Allowed
8. How many 3 digit numbers can be formed from the digits 2, 3, 5, 6, 7 and 9.
a) none of the digits is repeated?
b) All repeated?
c) Which are divisible by 5, none of the digits is repeated?
d) Which are divisible by 5, all repeated
Circular Permutation:
9. If 4 boys & 4 girls are to be seated alternately in a circular table, how many different arrangements are
possible?
35
10. Find the number of ways in which 6 persons A, B, C, D, E,F can be seated at a round table such that C and
D must not sit together?

GENERAL QUESTIONS:
11. If 5 couples are going to a theater. Their seat numbers are consecutive. In how many ways can they be
seated if the couples are to be seated together?
12. 15.There are 8 true-false questions in an examination. Then, these questions can be answered in how many
ways ?
13. In how many ways can6 boys and 7 girls be seated alternately in line?
14. A letter lock consists of three rings each marked with 12 different letters. In how many ways is it possible
to make an unsuccessful attempt to open the lock ?

Practice Questions
1.Find the value of
a) 8P5 b)11P3
2.Total Number of Arrangement
a) CAKE b)FORMAT c)SYSTEM
3.Vowels Comes together
a) FORMAL b)CRITICAL
4.Vowels Never Comes together
a) NUMBER
5.Some letters Comes together
a) HONOUR= > UR - always comes together
6.NO Two Vowel Comes together
a) MACHINE b)COMPUTER
Vowels in ODD / EVEN places
7. In how many possible ways can the letters of the word MEADOWS be arranged such that vowels occupy only in
EVEN places?
8. In how many possible ways can the letters of the word LISTEN be arranged such that vowels occupy only in
ODD places?

36
Based On Numbers -Repetition Allowed/ Not Allowed
9. How many 3 digit numbers can be formed from the digits 1,3,4,7,5 and 8.
a) none of the digits is repeated?
b) All repeated?
c) Which are divisible by 5, none of the digits is repeated?
d) Which are divisible by 5, all repeated?
Circular Permutation:
10. If 10 persons are to be seated in a circular table, how many different arrangements are possible?
GENERAL QUESTIONS:
11. A question paper consists of 6 problems, each problem having three internal choices. In how many ways can a
candidate attempt one or more problems?
12. Find the number of ways in which 6 boys and 4 girls can be arranged in a row so that no two girls are together?

37
 COMBINATION
Exercise:
Find the value of
1. 11C9
Basic Problems
2. In how many ways a 4 member team selects from 5 boys and 3 girls, which is 3 boys and 1 girl
3. In a group of 6 boys and 4 girls, four children are to be selected. In how many different ways can they be
selected such that at least one boy should be there?
4. A college has 15 basketball players. A 10 member team and a captain will be selected out of these
players.How many different selections can be made?
5. If 20 people at a party shake hands once with everyone else in the room. How many handshakes took
place?
6. Out of 5 consonants and 4 vowels, how many words of 3 consonants and 2 vowels can be formed?
7. In how many ways, 20 identical chocolates are distributed among 5 children such that each child gets at
least 1 chocolate?

Practice Questions:
Find the value of
1. 20C17 2. 42C41
Basic Problems
3. In how many ways can we select a vowel and a consonant for alphabets?
4. In how many ways can three consonants and two vowels be selected from the letters of the word
‘CORPORATES’?
5. How many parallelograms will be formed if 7 parallel horizontal lines intersect 6 parallel vertical lines?
6. A question paper has two parts P and Q, each containing 10 questions. If a student needs to choose 8 from part P
and 4 from part Q, in how many ways can he do that?

38
 Probability
COINS
1. When 3 coins are tossed together. What is the probability of getting
{HHH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT, HHT, HTH, THH}
a. At Least 1 Head
b. At Least 3 Heads
c. At Most 2 Heads
d. Exactly 3 Heads
e. None is Head
DICE
2. When a dice is rolled. What is the probability of getting (1,2,3,4,5,6)
a) number less than four
b) multiple of 3
3. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of
(a) getting sum divisible by 5
(b) getting a doublet
(c)getting difference of the numbers as 3

CARDS
4. From a pack of 52 cards, if one card is selected at a time, what is the probability that it is
a)Face card of red color
5. What is the probability of getting a number as
a) Five of Spades or five of Clubs
6. From a pack of 52 cards, two cards are drawn together at random. What is the probability of both the
cards being kings?
7. Two cards are drawn together from a pack of 52 cards. The probability that one is a spade and one is a heart, is.
8. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that either both are Red or both
are queens?

BALLS
39
9. A bag contains 4 black, 5 yellow and 6 green balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag.
What is the probability that
a) all of them are yellow?
b) 3 balls of different color balls?
c) 3 balls are not the same color?
d) at least 1 is a black ball?
e) None of the balls drawn is green?

10. There are two bags A and B. Bag A contains 2 white and 3 black balls. Bag B contains 3 white and 4 black
balls. A bag is chosen at random. What is the probability that the ball drawn is white?
11. A speaks the truth 3 out of 4 times, and B 5 out of 6 times : what is the probability that they will contradict each
other in stating the same fact?
Practice Questions:
COINS
1. When 2 coins are tossed together,what is the probability of getting
{HH, TT, TH, HT}
a) At Least 1 head
b) At Least 2 heads
c) At Most 1 head
d) At Most 2 heads
e) Exactly 1 head
f) Exactly 2 heads

2. When 3 coins are tossed together. What is the probability of getting

{HHH, TTH, THT, HTT, TTT, HHT, HTH, THH}
a) At Least 2 Heads
b) At Most 1 Head
c) At Most 3 Heads
d) Exactly 1 Head
e) Exactly 2 Heads

40
3. When 5 unbiased coins are tossed, what is the probability that they get
a) Exactly 3 heads
b) At Least 3 heads
c) At Most 3 heads

DICE
4. When a dice is rolled. What is the probability of getting (1,2,3,4,5,6)
a) a prime number b) even number c) ≥ 2

5. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability of:

(a) getting a sum of 8
(b) getting sum ≤ 3
(c) getting sum ≤ 10
(d) getting a total of at least 10
(e) getting sum of at most 4
(f) getting 6 as a product
(g) getting an even number as the sum
(h) getting a prime number as the sum
(i) getting a multiple of 2 on one die and a multiple of 3 on the other die
CARDS
6. From a pack of 52 cards, if one card is selected at a time, what is the probability that it is
a. Face card
b. Face card of heart
c. Queen
d. King of diamond
e. Honor card
f. Number 10
g. Number 6 of spade
h. Honor card of black color
i. King of red color
j. Number 2 of black color
k. Ace of spade
41
7. What is the probability of getting a number as Queen of the club or a king of heart?
8. What is the probability of drawing a card from a deck which is either a king or a Diamond card?

BALLS
12. A bag contains 4 black, 5 yellow and 6 green balls. Three balls are drawn at random from the bag.
What is the probability that
a) all of them are yellow?
b) 3 balls of different color balls?
c) 3 balls are not the same color?
d) at least 1 is a black ball?
e) None of the balls drawn is green

13.There are two bags A and B. Bag A contains 2 white and 3 black balls. Bag B contains 3 white
and 4 black balls. A bag is chosen at random. What is the probability that the ball drawn is white?

42
 Number series:
Exercise:
1.Missing number
1. 18,19,28,53,?,183
2. 13,25,7,31,?,37
3. 119,176,260,371,509,?
4. 12,12,18,36,90,270,?
5. 72,36,54,135,?
6. 4,10,33,136,?,4116
7. 7,9,15,49,?,961
8. 13,14,27,41,68,?,177
2.wrong numbers
9. 564 282 140 70.5 35.25
10. 17 85 425 2115 10625 53125

Practice Questions:
1. 11, 26, 47, 74, 107, ?
2. 18, 22, 34, 70, 178, ?
3. 12, 7, 9 , 21 , 88 , 709 , ?
4. 264, 287, 316, 347, 384, ?
5. 406, 626, 896, 1216, 1586, ?
6. 142, 134, 123, 107, 84, ?
7. 2 10 50 ? 1250 6250
8. 5 5 7.5 ? 37.5 112.5
9. 256, 240, 218, 179, 130, 66
10. 32, 39, 56, 63, 80, 99

43
 Odd man out
1.In the following question, select the odd letters from the given alternatives.
(a) BY (b) DW (c) FT (d) KP
2.In the following question, select the odd word pair from the given alternatives.
(a) 72 – 92 (b) 33 – 53 (c) 89 – 129 (d) 60 – 80
3.In the following question, select the odd word pair from the given alternatives.
(a) Gloves: Hand (b) Tie: Neck (c) Hanky: Hand (d) Socks: Feet
4.In the following question, select the odd letters from the given alternatives.
(a) GDA (b) IFC (c) YVT (d) PMJ
5.In the following question, select the odd word pair from the given alternatives.
(a) Time: Seconds (b) Speed : Km
(c) Electric Current: Ampere (d) Temperature: Kelvin
6.In the following question, select the odd number pair from the given alternatives.
(a) 41 – 43 (b) 61 – 67 (c) 71 – 73 (d) 83 – 97
7.In the following question, select the odd letters from the given alternatives.
(a) AD (b) QS (c) V (d) EG
8.In the following question, select the odd letters from the given alternatives.
(a) HJLN (b) LNPR (c) SUW (d) EGIJ
9.In the following question, select the odd word from the given alternatives.
(a) Lemon (b) Carrot (c) Beetroot (d) Turnip
Q10.In the following question, select the odd word from the given alternatives.
(a) Sentence (b) Letter (c) Word (d) Paragraph
Solutions
1.C 2.C 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.A 8.D 9.A 10.B

Practice Questions:
1. Train : Passenger :: Aeroplane : ?
(a)Aeronaut (b) Astronaut (c) Pilot (d) Air hostess
2.College : Dean :: Museum :?
(a) Curator (b) Warden (c) Custodian (d) Supervisor
3.India : New Delhi :: Pakistan : ?
(a) Rawalpindi (b) Peshawar (c) Lahore (d) Islamabad
44
4.4. Elephant : Howdah :: Horse : ?
(a) Lounge (b) Hoof (c) Saddle (d) Hump
5. Pantry : Store :: Scullery :?
(a) Cook (b) Kitche (c) Utensils (d) Wash/
6) 6 : 2 :: 8 ?
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) 7 (d) 5
7) 3 : 27 :: 4 : ?
(a) 16 (b) 64 (c) 28 (d) 32
8) 18 : 52 :: 12 : ?
(a) 34 (b) 48 (c) 60 (d) 72
9) 8 : 9 :: 64 : ?
(a) 16 (b) 20 (c) 25 (d) 36
10) 9 : 7 :: 80 : ?
(a) 48 (b) 50 (c) 69 (d) 82

ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS
Permutation and combination assignment questions
1.Repeated letters
1.SISTER 2.PERCENTAGE 3.LETTER 4.ENGINEERING 5.CORPORATION
2.How many ways the word can be arranged vowels always comes together?(non-repeated)
1.JUDGE 2.OPTICAL 3.MACHINE
3.How many ways the word can be arranged vowels always comes together?(repeated)
1.SISTER 2.ANIMATION 3.CORPORATION 4.PREPARATION
4.How many ways the word can be arranged Consonants always come together.
1.JUDGE 2.BANKER 3. COPORATION 4.SISTER
5.How many ways the word can be arranged Some letters comes together
1.CRYSTAL-AY always comes together.
2.EDUCATION-UET always comes together.
6.How many ways the word can be arranged Vowels never comes together
1.MACHINE 2.SISTER
7. How many ways the word can be arranged No two vowels comes together
1.BANKER 2.COMPUTER 3.SISTER 4.PERMUTATION
45
8. How many ways the word can be arranged Vowels comes in Odd/Even places
1.DETAIL 2.MACHINE 3.POUNDING
9. Repetition allowed/not allowed
1.CRYSTAL 2.PIRATES 3.BOOK 4.OFFICERS

COMBINATION:
1. Out of 5 women and 4 men a committee of three members is to be formed in such a way that at least one member
is a woman. In how many different ways can it be done?
2. From a group of 7 men and 6 women, five persons are to be selected to form a committee so that at least 3 men
are there on the committee. In how many ways can it be done?
3. There are 2 boys and 3 girls in a committee selected from 6 boys and 5 girls. In how many ways can a
a committee will be formed in which 2 girls are always there?
4. If 3 black dogs and 5 brown dogs are kept in a shop. A man selected 4 dogs. In how many ways can the
dogs be selected with at least 1 is black dog, from the shop?
5. If 16 persons shake hands with one another at a party. How many shake hands took place?
6. In how many ways, 30 identical chocolates are distributed among 5 children such that each child gets at least 1
chocolate?
Probability
1. A bag contains 6 pink and 5 yellow balls. One ball is drawn randomly. What is the probability that the ball drawn
is Pink?
2. A box contains 15 tube lights, out of which 6 are repaired. 3 tube lights are chosen at random from this
box. Find the probability that at least one of these is repaired?
3. Bag A contains 3 green and 7 blue balls. While bag B contains 10 green and 5 blue balls. If one ball is drawn
from each bag, what is the probability that both are green?
4. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. What is the probability of getting a queen or club card?
5. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. What is the probability that the sum of the numbers on the faces is divisible
by either 3 or 5?
6. From a pack of 52 cards one card is drawn at random. What is the probability that the card drawn is a
six or a diamond ?
7. A card is drawn from a well shuffled pack of 52 cards. What is the probability of not choosing Ace of
club or king of heart?
8. Two cards are drawn at random from a pack of 52 cards. What is the probability that either both are
46
black or both are jacks?
9. Three unbiased dice are thrown at random. What is the probability that all three dice show different
numbers?
10. A box contains dozen of eggs out which 3 are rotten. Two eggs are taken out. What is the probability of one egg
is rotten and another one is good?

Number series:
Missing number:
1. 98, 187, 94, 183, 90, 179, ?
2. 62, 124, 310, ?, 3255, 13020
3. 23, 11.5, 11.5, 23,?, 736
4. 789, 900, 1122, ?, 1899, 2454
5. 50, 56, 68, 86, 110, ?
6. 110, 156, 272, 342, 506, ?
7. 96, 480, 120, 600, ? , 750
8. 2, ?, 64, 1024, 32768
9. ?, 445, 534, 631, 736
10.148, 130, 116, 106, 100, ?
Wrong number:
11.64, 32, 48, 110, 420, 1890
12.1333, 1731, 2201, 2749, 3378
13.15, 20, 60, 120, 240, 480
14.19, 83, 164, 272, 385, 529
15.12, 26, 44, 64, 92, 122

UNIT - 5
47
 Problems on Ages
Ratio Method
1. Five years ago, the ages of A and B were 1:2. At present the ratio is 3:4 . Find the present age of A?
2. Present ages of Sam and Anand are in the ratio of 5 : 4 respectively. Three years hence, the ratio of their
ages will become 11 : 9 respectively. What is Anand's present age in years?
Thrice / Twice Method
3. Ten years ago, P was half of Q in age. If the ratio of their present ages is 3:4, what will be the total of
their present ages?
4. Father is aged three times more than his son Ronit. After 8 years, he would be two and a half times of
Ronit's age. After further 8 years, how many times would he be of Ronit's age?
Based on Addition/ Subtraction
5. The present ages of three persons are in proportions 4 : 7 : 9. Eight years ago, the sum of their ages was
56. Find present age of brothers.
6. The total age of A and B is 12 years more than the total age of B and C. C is how many year younger than
A.
7. The sum of the ages of a mother and her daughter is 50 yrs. Also 5 yrs ago, the mother’s age was 7 times
the age of the daughter. What are the present ages of the mother and the daughter?
8. A is two years older than B who is twice as old as C. If the total ages of A, B and C be 27, the how old is
B?
9. Rajeev's age after 15 years will be 5 times his age 5 years back. What is the present age of Rajeev?
Average
10. Three years ago, the average age of Anita, Priya, and Varsha was 27 years. If five years ago, the average
age of Priya and Varsha was 20 years, find the present age of Anita.
11. The average age of a couple at the time of marriage was 20 years. After 8 years they have a kid of 4 years
old. Find the average age of the family when the baby was born?

48
Practice Problems
Ratio Method
12. One year ago, the ratio of Honey and Piyush ages was 2: 3 respectively. After five years from now, this
ratio becomes 4: 5. How old is Piyush now?
13. The ratio of the present ages of P and Q is 3 : 4. Five years ago, the ratio of their ages was 5 : 7. Find their
present ages.
Thrice / Twice Method
14. The age of the father 3 years ago was 7 times the age of his son. At present, the father’s age is five times
that of his son. What are the present ages of the father and the son?
15. Ravi was thrice as old as Raghu 6 years back. Ravi will be 5/3 times as old as Raghu 6 years hence.
How old is Raghu today?
Based on Addition/ Subtraction
16. Ratio between Rahul and Deepak is 4:3, After 6 Years Rahul’s age will be 26 years. What is the present
age of deepak?
17. The ratio of father’s age to the son’s age is 4:1. The product of their ages is 196. What will be the ratio of
their ages after 5 years?

49
 Problems on Numbers
1. Three times the first of three consecutive odd integers is 3 more than twice the third. The third integer is:
2. The difference between a two-digit number and the number obtained by interchanging the positions of its
digits is 36. What is the difference between the two digits of that number?
3. A two-digit number is such that the product of the digits is 8. When 18 is added to the number, then the
digits are reversed. The number is:
4. The product of two numbers is 120 and the sum of their squares is 289. The sum of the number is:
5. The denominator of a fraction is 2 more than the numerator. If the numerator as well as denominator is
increased by 4, the fraction becomes 8/10. Find the original fraction

Data Interpretation - Bar Chart

50
Directions (1-5): Study the bar chart given below and answer the following questions.
Bar chart shows the number of student study in 4 different School in 2018 and 2019.

1. Find average number of student in the School A, B and E together in 2018?

(a) 60 (b) 75 (c) 70 (d) 64 (e) 58
2. Find ratio of number of students of School B & C together in 2018 to that School A & D together in 2019?
(a) 25 : 29 (b) 25 : 27 (c) 29 : 35 (d) 24 : 37 (e) 2 : 3
3. Number of student in School A and E together in 2019 is what percent more/less than that of students in School
B in 2018?
(a) 125% (b) 200% (c) 175% (d) 75% (e) 100%
4. Find the difference between the average number of students in School A and C together in 2019 and that of
Students of School B and D together in 2018?
(a) 25 (b) 10 (c) 18 (d) 20 (e) 15
5. Number of student study in School A & D together in 2018 is what percent of number ofstudent study in School
B in 2019?
(a) 175% (b) 125% (c) 220% (d) 210% (e) 275%

Pie Chart

51
Directions (1-5): - Pie chart given below shows distribution of passenger traveling fromVaranasi Airport (Lal
Bahadur Shastri) to different Airports. Read the data carefully and answer the questions

1. Number of passenger who are traveling from Varanasi to Delhi is how much percent more/less than that of who
are traveling to Mumbai?
(a) 25% (b) 28% (c) 30% (d) 45% (e) 40%
2. Find out the average number of travelers who are traveling from Varanasi to Mumbai, Kanpur and Ranchi?
(a) 3250 (b) 2756 (c) 3500 (d) 3450 (e) 3050
3. Number of passengers who traveling from Varanasi to Delhi and Mumbai together is what percent of the number
of passengers who are travelling from Varanasi to Kolkata?
(a) 200% (b) 225% (c) 175% (d) 250% (e) 300%
4. If the number of Indian and foreigner travelling from Varanasi to Mumbai and Kolkata is in the ratio of 4:1 and
3:2 respectively, then find out the sum of number of foreigner passenger travelling to Mumbai and Indian Passenger
travelling to Kolkata?
(a) 2700 (b) 2500 (c) 3700 (d) 3900 (e) 2800
5. Find out the ratio of number of passengers who travelling to Ranchi and Kanpur together to that of Chennai?
(a) 1:3 (b) 2:3 (c) 3:2 (d) 3:5 (e) 3:1
Practice Problems
Line Graph
Directions (1-5):- Given line graph shows the data of mobiles (MI and Samsung) sold(in
52
thousand) in different years in a mobile-shop. Study the data carefully and answer the
questions.

1. Find out the total number of mobiles sold in all years together? (in thousand)
(a) 720 (b) 835 (c) 815 (d) 750 (e) 650
2. Mobiles (MI and Samsung both) sold in year 2016 is what percent more/less than that of in year 2018?
(Approximately)
(a) 45% (b) 58% (c) 40% (d) 49% (e) 35%
3. Find out the difference between average of all mobile sold of MI and that of samsung in all given years?
(Approximately
(a) 26666 (b) 32333 (c) 28177 (d) 25252 (e) 24167
4. What is the ratio of sold mobile of MI in 2017 & 2018 together to the that of Samsung mobile in 2014 & 2015
together?
(a) 5 : 3 (b) 3 : 5 (c) 5 : 7 (d) 4 : 7 (e) 9 ∶ 11
5.Samsung mobile sold in 2015 & 2017 together is what percent of MI mobile sold in 2018 & 2019 together?
(a) 66 2/3% (b) 60% (c) 54% (d) 75% (e) 33 ⅓%

Directions: Study the following graph carefully & answer the questions given below it. The pie chart given below
shows the break-up of the cost of construction of a house (in degrees). Assuming that the total cost of construction
is Rs. 60000

53
1. The amount spent on cement is
A. 20000 B. 16000 C. 12000 D. 10000
2. The amount spent on labour exceeds the amount spent on steel by
A. 5% of the total cost B. 10% of the total cost C. 12% of the total cost D. 15% of the total cost
3. The amount spent on cement, steel and supervision is what percent of the total cost of
Construction?
A. 40% B. 45% C. 50% D. 55%
4. The amount spent on labour exceeds the amount spent on supervision by
A. Rs. 200000 B. Rs. 160000 C. Rs. 120000 D. Rs. 6000

Table Chart
Study the following table and answer the questions based on it.
Expenditures of a Company (in Lakh Rupees) per Annum Over the given Years.

54
 Year Item of Expenditure

Salary Fuel and Transport Bonus Interest on Loans Taxes

1999 342 112 2.52 32.5 108

2000 324 101 3.84 41.6 74

2001 336 133 3.68 36.4 88

2002 420 142 3.96 49.4 98

1998 288 98 3.00 23.4 83

1.What is the average amount of interest per year which the company had to pay during this period?
A.Rs. 32.43 lakhs B.Rs. 33.72 lakhs C.Rs. 34.18 lakhs D.Rs. 36.66 lakhs
2.The total amount of bonus paid by the company during the given period is approximately what percent of the total
amount of salary paid during this period?
A.0.1% B.0.5% C.1% D.1.25%
3. Total expenditure on all these items in 1998 was approximately what percent of the total expenditure in 2002?
A.62% B.66% C.69% D.71%
4. The total expenditure of the company over these items during the year 2000 is?
A.Rs. 544.44 lakhs B.Rs. 501.11 lakhs C.Rs. 446.46 lakhs D.Rs. 478.87 lakhs
5. The ratio between the total expenditure on Taxes for all the years and the total expenditure on Fuel and Transport
for all the years respectively is approximately?
A.4:7 B.10:13 C.15:18 D.5:8

55
Combined:
Directions: The following bar graph shows the population (in lakh) of five cities in the years 2008 and 2012 and the
line graph shows the percentage of literate among them.

1.What is the percentage rise in the population of City A from the year 2008 to 2012?
A.8% B.12.5% C.15% D.17.5% E.20%
2.What is the total literate population of all cities together in the year 2008?
A.1.394 crore B.1.656 crore C.1.512 crore D.1.548 crore
3.In which of the following cities is the percentage rise in the population from the year2008 to 2012 the maximum?
A.A B.B C.C D.D E.E
4.What is the percentage rise in the literate population of City E from the year 2008 to 2012?
A.12.5 % B.23% C.9.8% D.16.67 E.14.45%
5.What is the total illiterate population of all cities together in the year 2012?
A.1.7985 crore B.1.624 crore C.1.3545 crore D.2.102 crore E.2.428 crore

56
 Clocks
Angle between hands of a clock
1.Find the angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock when the time is 3.25?
Reflex angle
2.Find the Reflex angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock when the time is 3.25 .
Coincide/Opposite
3.(i) At what time, in minutes, between 3 o'clock and 4 o'clock, will both the needles coincide with each other?
3.(ii).At what time, in minutes, between 3 o'clock and 4 o'clock, are both the needles opposite to each other?
Time Gain/Loss
4.(i).A watch gains 5 seconds in 3 minutes and was set right at 8 AM. What time will it show at 10 PM on the same
day ?
4.(ii).A watch loses 5 seconds in 3 minutes and was set right at 8 AM. What time will it show at 10 PM on the same
day ?

Practice Problems
Angle between hands of a clock
1.At what angle the hands of a clock are inclined at 15 minutes past 5?
Reflex angle
2.Find the Reflex angle between the hour hand and the minute hand of a clock when the time is 15 minutes past 5.
Coincide/Opposite
3.(i) At what time between 4 and 5 o'clock will the hands of a watch point in opposite directions?
3.(ii).At what time between 4 and 5 o'clock will the hands of a watch coincide each other?
Time Gain/Loss
4. A clock loses 2 minutes every 6 hours . At 3:00 P.M., the clock is set to the correct time and allowed to run
without interference.
(i) What integer would describe the time loss after exactly 3 days?
(ii) What would the clock read at 3:00 P.M. three days later?

Calendars
Finding Odd days
1.If it is Friday on 10 March 2003, then which day would come on 25 June, 2003?

57
2.If it is Friday on 12 April, 2002, then which day would come on 12 April, 2003 ?
3.Suman remembers that her brother’s birthday comes after 15 February, but before 18 February, whereas her
sister remembers that her brother’s birthday comes after 16 February but before 19 February. On which date
Suman’s brother’s birthday comes?
Day
4.(i)What was the day on 26-January-2012?
(ii)What was the day on 26-January-1998?
Similar calendar
5.Find the calendar which is identical to the year 1998.
Practice Problems
Finding Odd days
1.If it was Thursday on 2 September, then which day would come on 26 September?
2.If it is Wednesday on 17 March, 2005, then which day would come on 12 September, 2005?
3.Deepika was born on 12 January, 2012, Friday. On which day she would celebrate her next birthday?
Day
4.What was the day of the week on 15th August 2010?
Similar calendar
5.Find the calendar which is identical to the year 2007.

Assignment
Clocks
1. When the time is 5:40, then what is the angle between the hour hand & the minute hand of a clock?
2.(i).At what time between 2 and 3 o’clock will the hands of a clock be together?
2.(ii). Find the time between 3 and 4 will the hands of a watch point in the opposite direction?
3.How many times do the hands of a clock coincide in a day?[Zoho 2024]
4. At what time between 1 and 2 o’ clock will the hands of a watch make an angleof 180°.
5.A clock is set right at 1 pm. If it gains one minute an hour, what is the time shown by the clock at 6 pm on the
same day?

Calendars
1.It was Sunday on Jan 1, 2006. What was the day of the week Jan 1, 2010?
2.What was the day of the week on 28th May, 2006?
58
3.What was the day of the week on your birthday?
4.Today is Saturday. After 59 days, it will be:
5.The calendar for the year 2007 will be the same for the year?

Problems on Numbers
1.If one-third of one-fourth of a number is 15, then three-tenth of that number is:
2.The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 15 and the difference between the digits is 3. What is the two-digit
number?
3.The sum of the squares of three numbers is 138, while the sum of their products taken two at a time is 131. Their
sum is:
4.What is the sum of two consecutive even numbers, the difference of whose squares is 84?
5.The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 30. If 2 is added to numerator and 2 is subtracted from
the denominator, then it becomes 2/3. Find the fraction.

Problems on Ages
1. The ratio between the present ages of A and B is 4 : 5. If the ratio between their ages 4 yr hence becomes
14 : 17, then what is B's age at present?
2. The average age of 9 students and their teacher is 16 yr. The average age of the first four students is 19 yr
and that of the last five is 10 yr. The teacher's age is?
3. Before 7 yr, the ratio of ages of A and B was 3:4. After 9 yr, the ratio of their ages will be 7 : 8. The
present age of B will be
4. The average age of a family of five members is 24. If the present age of the youngest member is 8 yr, what
was the average age of the family at the time of the birth of the youngest member?
5. Four years ago, Shyam's age was 3/4 times of that of Ram. Four year hence, Shyam's age will be 5/6
times that of Ram. What is the present age of Shyam?

Data Interpretation
The following table gives the percentage of marks obtained by seven students in six different subjects in an
examination.

59
The Numbers in the Brackets give the Maximum Marks in Each Subject.

Student Subject (Max. Marks)

Maths Chemistry Physics Geography History Computer Science

(150) (130) (120) (100) (60) (40)

Ayush 90 50 90 60 70 80

Aman 100 80 80 40 80 70

Sajal 90 60 70 70 90 70

Rohit 80 65 80 80 60 60

Muskan 80 65 85 95 50 90

Tanvi 70 75 65 85 40 60

Tarun 65 35 50 77 80 80

1.What are the average marks obtained by all the seven students in Physics? (rounded off to two digit after decimal)
a)77.26 b)89.14 c)91.37 d)96.11
2.The number of students who obtained 60% and above marks in all subjects is?
a)1 b)2 c)3 d)None
3.What was the aggregate of marks obtained by Sajal in all the six subjects?
a)409 b)419 c)429 d)449
4.In which subject is the overall percentage the best?
a)Maths b)Chemistry c)Physics d)History
5.What is the overall percentage of Tarun?
. a)52.5% b)55% c)60% d)63%

The following pie chart shows the amount of subscriptions generated for India Bonds from different categories of
investors.
Subscriptions Generated for India Bonds
60
1. What is the approximate ratio of investment flows into India Bonds from NRI's to corporate houses ?
a)1:4 b)1:3 c)3:1 d)Cannot be determined

2.In the corporate sector, approximately how many degrees should be there in the central angle ?
a)120 b)121 c)122 d)123

3.If the investment by NRI's are Rs 4,000 crore, then the investments by corporate houses and FII's together is:
a) 24,000 crore b)24,363 crore c)25,423 crore d)25,643 crore

4.What percentage of the total investment is coming from FII's and NRI's ?
a)33 % b)11 % c)44 % d)22 %

5.If the total investment other than by FII and corporate houses is Rs 335,000 crore, then the investment by NRI's
and Offshore funds will be (approximately) ?
a)274,100 b)285,600 c)293,000 d)Cannot be determined

The bar graph given below shows the sales of books (in thousand number) from six branches of a publishing
company during two consecutive years 2000 and 2001.
Sales of Books (in thousand numbers) from Six Branches - B1, B2, B3, B4, B5 and B6 of a publishing Company in
2000 and 2001.

61
1.What is the ratio of the total sales of branch B2 for both years to the total sales of branch B4 for both years?
a)2:3 b)3:5 c)4:5 d)7:9
2.Total sales of branch B6 for both the years is what percent of the total sales of branches B3 for both the years?
a)68.54% b)71.11% c)73.17% d)75.55%
3.What percent of the average sales of branches B1, B2 and B3 in 2001 is the average sales of branches B1, B3 and
B6 in 2000?
a)75% b)77.5% c)82.5% d)87.5%
4.What is the average sales of all the branches (in thousand numbers) for the year 2000?
a)73 b)80 c)83 d)88
5.Total sales of branches B1, B3 and B5 together for both the years (in thousand numbers) is?
a)250 b)310 c)435 d)560

Study the following line graph which gives the number of students who joined and left the school in the beginning
of year for six years, from 1996 to 2001.
Initial Strength of school in 1995 = 3000.

62
1.The number of students studying in the school during 1999 was?
a) 2950 b)3000 c)3100 d)3150
2.For which year, the percentage rise/fall in the number of students who left the school compared to the previous
year is maximum?
a)1997 b)1998 c)1999 d)2000
3.The strength of the school increased / decreased from 1997 to 1998 by approximately what percent?
a)1.2% b)1.7% c)2.1% d)2.4%
4.The number of students studying in the school in 1998 was what percent of the number of students studying in the
school in 2001?
a)92.13% b)93.75% c)96.88% d)97.25%
5.The ratio of the least number of students who joined the school to the maximum number of students who left the
school in any of the years during the given period is?
a)7:9 b)4:5 c)3:4 d)2:3

PART B
UNIT-6
Mixture and Alligations
63
Rule to solve
1. How many liters of oil at Rs.40 per liter should be mixed with 240 liters of a second variety of oil at Rs.60
per liter so as to get a mixture whose cost is Rs.52 per liter?
2. Two vessels A and B contains spirit and water in the ratio 5: 2 and 7:6 respectively. Find the ratio in
which these mixture be mixed to obtain a new mixture in the vessel C containing spirit and water in the ratio 8:5?
3. How many kilogram of sugar costing Rs. 9 per kg must be mixed with 27 kg of sugar costing Rs. 7 per kg
so that there may be a gain of 10% by selling the mixture at Rs. 9.24 per kg?
Quantity Added
4. A beaker contains acid and water in the ratio 1 : x. When 300 ml of the mixture and 50 ml of water are
mixed, the ratio of the acid and the water becomes 2 : 5. What is the value of x?
Based on replacement
5. A container contains 40 liters of milk. From this container 4 liters of milk was taken out
and replaced by water. This process was repeated further two times. How much milk is
now contained by the container?
6. A can contains a mixture of two liquids A and B is the ratio 7 : 5. When 9 liters of
mixture are drawn off and the can is filled with B, the ratio of A and B becomes 7 : 9.
How many liters of liquid A was contained by the can initially?
7. A jar full of whisky contains 40% alcohol. A part of this whisky is replaced by another
containing 19% alcohol and now the percentage of alcohol was found to be 26%. The
quantity of whisky replaced is:
8. A dishonest milkman professes to sell his milk at cost price but he mixes it with water
and thereby gains 25%. The percentage of water in the mixture is:
Practice Problems : Rule to solve
1. In what ratio should two varieties of sugar of Rs.18 per kg and Rs.24 kg be mixed together to get a
mixture whose cost is Rs.20 per kg?
Quantity Added
2. In a 729 litres mixture of milk and water, the ratio of milk to water is 7 : 2. to get a new mixture
containing milk and water in the ratio 7 : 3, the amount of water to be added is:
Time Speed and Distance
Basic Problems
1. A person crosses a 600 m long street in 5 minutes. What is his speed in km per hour?

64
2. An airplane covers a certain distance at a speed of 240 kmph in 5 hours. To cover the same distance in 1
2/3 hours, it must travel at a speed of:
3. A man completes a journey in 10 hours. He travels the first half of the journey at the rate of 21 km/hr and
second half at the rate of 24 km/hr. Find the total journey in km.
4. A car travelling ⅔ of actual speed covers 150 km in 3 hours and 45 minutes Find the actual speed of the
car.
Average Speed
5. P and Q are two towns. Navin covers the distance from P to Q on cycle at 22 km/hr. However, he covers
the distance from Q to P on foot at 8 km/hr. His average speed during the whole journey is :
6. A man completes 30km of a journey at the speed of 6 km/hr and the remaining 40km of the journey in 5
hrs. His average speed for the whole journey is:
Relative Speed
7. A theft is reported to a policeman. The thief starts running and the policeman chases him. When the
policeman started chasing, the thief was at a distance of 250 meters. The thief and the policeman run at the speed of
8 km/h and 9 km/h respectively. Find the time the policeman will take to catch the thief.
Reaching Early/late
8. If a train runs at 40 kmph, it reaches its destination late by 11 minutes but if it runs at 50 kmph, it is late by
5 minutes only. The correct time for the train to complete its journey is
Stoppages
9. Excluding stoppages, the speed of a bus is 54 kmph and including stoppages, it is 45 kmph. For how
many minutes does the bus stop per hour?
Practice Problems
Basic Problems
1. The speed of a bus is 72 km/hr. The distance covered by the bus in 5 seconds is :
2. A man is walking at a speed of 10 kmph. After every km, he takes a rest for 5 minutes. How much time
will he take to cover a distance of 5 km ?

Average Speed
3. A man completes a certain journey by car. If he covered 30% of the distance at the speed of 20 kmph,60%
of the distance at 40km/h and the remaining of the distance at 10 kmph what is his average speed?
65
Relative Speed
4. Two buses start at the same time from Chennai and Bangalore, which are 250 km apart. If the two buses
travel towards each other, they meet after 1hr and if they travel in the same direction they meet after 5 hrs. What is
the speed of the bus that starts from Chennai if it is known that the one which started from Chennai has more speed
than the other one?
5. Two buses start at the same time, one from P to Q and the other from Q to P. If both buses reach after 4
hours and 16 hours at Q and P respectively after they cross each other, what would be the ratio of speeds of the bus
starting from P and that of the one starting from point Q?
Reaching Early/late
6. If a car runs at 45 km/hr, it reaches its destination late by 10 min but if runs at 60km/hr it is earlier by 5
mins. What is the correct time for the journey?

66
 PROBLEMS ON TRAINS
Train Crosses a Stationary object (pole, post, signal, street light)
1. A train running at the speed of 60 km/hr crosses a pole in 9 seconds. What is the length of the train?
Train Crosses a Bridge/Platform/Tunnel
2. The length of the platform, which a train 130 metres long and travelling at 45 km/hr can cross in 30
seconds, is:
3. A train passes a station platform in 36 seconds and a man standing on the platform in 20 seconds. If the
speed of the train is 54 km/hr, what is the length of the platform?
Relative Speed
4. Train A, 600 mts long running at 80 kmph will take how much time to cross a man sitting in another train
which is 400 meters long, running at 64 kmph in the opposite direction?
5. The distance between two places A and B is 570 km. A train starts from A at 50 kmph at 6 am and
another starts from B at 80 kmph at 7 am towards each other. At what time will they meet?
6. Two trains, one from Howrah to Patna and the other from Patna to Howrah, start simultaneously. After
they meet, the trains reach their destinations after 9 hours and 16 hours respectively. The ratio of their speeds is
Practice Problems
Train Crosses a Stationary object (pole, post, signal, street light)
1. A 300 m long train is running at 54 Kmph. How much time will it take to cross a signal post ?
Train Crosses a Bridge/Platform/Tunnel
2. How long will a 150 m long train running at a speed of 60 kmph take to cross a bridge of 300 m?
Relative Speed
3. Two trains 140 m and 160 m long run at the speed of 60 kmph and 30 kmph respectively in opposite
directions on parallel tracks. The time (in seconds) which they take to cross each other, is:
4. A train of length 110 meters is running at a speed of 60 kmph. In what time will a man who is running at
6 kmph pass in the direction opposite to that in which the train is going?
5. Two trains are running in opposite directions at the same speed. The length of each train is 120 meters. If
they cross each other in 12 seconds, the speed of each train (in km/hr) is
6. Two trains of equal length are running on parallel lines in the same direction at 46 km/hr and 36 km/hr.
The faster train passes the slower train in 36 seconds. The length of each train is:
7. Two trains, each 100 m long, moving in opposite directions, cross each other in 8 sec. If one is moving
twice as fast as the other, then the speed of the faster train is?
BOATS AND STREAM
67
To find Time,speed and distance using formula
1. A boat can travel with a speed of 13 km/hr in still water. If the speed of the stream is 4 km/hr, find the
time taken by the boat to go 68 km downstream.
Average Speed
2. There is a road besides a river. Two friends Ram & Shyam started their journey from place P, moved to
the garden located at another place Q & then returned to place P. Ram moves by swimming at a speed of 15 km/hr
while Shyam sails on a boat at a speed of about 12 km/hr. If the flow of water current is at the speed of 6 km/hr,
what will be the average speed of boat sailor?
Based on Equations
3. A motor boat whose speed is 15 km/hr in still water goes 30km downstream and comes back in a total of 4
hours 30 minutes. Determine the speed of the stream.
4. A man can row 5 km/h in still water.If the speed of the current is 1 km/hr, it takes 3 h more in upstream
than in the downstream for the same distance.The distance is
Twice /Thrice
5. Sruthi can swim in still water at the rate of 6km per hour. After swimming in a stream, she realized that
she takes twice the time to go upstream as she takes to go downstream. What is speed of the current?

Practice Problems
To find Time,speed and distance using formula
1. In one hour, a boat goes 11 km/hr along the stream and 5 km/hr against the stream. The speed of the boat
in still water (in km/hr) is
2. The speed of the swimmer along with the flow of river is 40 km/hr and against the flow of river is 22
km/hr. What would be the speed of a swimmer in still water?
3. The speed of a boat in still water in 15 km/hr and the rate of current is 3 km/hr. The distance traveled
downstream in 12 minutes is:
4. A man can row 10 km/hr in still water when the river is running at 2km/hr it takes him 1 hr to row to a
place and come back.How far is the place?
5. A boat running downstream covers a distance of 16 km in 2 hours while for covering the same distance
upstream, it takes 4 hours. What is the speed of the boat in still water?

Average Speed

68
6. If the speed of boat in still water is 10 km/hr & the speed of stream is 3 km/hr, the boat rows to a place
which is 50 km far & returns through the same path. What would be the average speed of boat during the journey?
Based on Equations
7. Consider a boat which moves at the speed of 6 km/hr. If the water runs at the speed of about 4 km/hr, then
the boat requires 3 hours to reach a certain place and return. Calculate the distance between that place & boat's
initial position.
8. A boat takes 28 hours for travelling downstream from point A to point B and coming back to point C
midway between A and B. If the velocity of the stream is 6km/hr and the speed of the boat in still water is 9 km/hr,
what is the distance between A and B?
9. A boy can row a certain distance downstream in 8 hours and return the same distance in 12 hours. If the
stream flows at the rate of 4km/hrs, what is the speed of the boy in still water?
Twice /Thrice
10. A man takes twice as long to row a distance against the stream as to row the same distance in favor of the
stream. The ratio of the speed of the boat (in still water) and the stream is:

Logical Reasoning

69
 Direction Sense Test
1. If South-East becomes North, North-East becomes West and so on. What will the West become?
2. Deepak starts walking straight towards the east. After walking 75 meters, he turns to the left and walks 25
meters straight. Again he turns to the left, walks a distance of 40 meters straight, again he turns to the left and walks
a distance of 25 meters. How far is he from the starting point?
3. A man walks 1 km towards east and then he turns to south and walks 5 km. Again he turns to East and
walks 2 km, after this he turns to North and walks 9km. Now, how far is he from the starting point?
4. A man is facing west and turns through 45° clockwise, again 180° clockwise and then turns through 270°
anti clockwise. In which direction is he facing now?
5. Facing the east, Rajesh turned left and walked 10 meters, then he turned to his left again and walked 10 m.
He then turned 45° towards his right and went straight to cover 25 meters. In which direction from his starting point
is he?
6. One morning Udai and Vishal were talking to each other face to face at a crossing. If Vishal’s shadow was
exactly to the left of Udai, which direction was Udai facing?
7. Y is in the East of X which is in the North of Z. If P is in the South of Z, then in which direction of Y, is
P?
Practice Problems
1. Rahim moves 20 meters in the East direction and then turns to his left and then moves 15 meters and
then he turns to his right and moves 25 meters. After this he turns to his right and moves 15 meters. Now, how far is
he from the starting point ?
2. Radha moves towards the South-east a distance of 7 m, then she moves towards West and travels a
distance of 14 m. From here, she moves towards North-west a distance of 7 m and finally she moves a distance of 4
m towards East and stands at that point. How far is the starting point from where she stood?
3. Sanjeev walks 10 m towards the South. Turning to the left, he walks 20 m and moves to his right. After
moving a distance of 20 m, he turns to the right and walks 20 m. Finally, he turns to the right and moves a distance
of 10 m. How far and in which direction is he from the starting point?
4. A man is facing south. He turns 135° in the anti-clockwise direction and then 180° in the clockwise
direction. Which direction is he facing now?
5. A watch reads 4.30 if the minute hand points east, in what direction does the hour hand point?

70
 Blood Relation
Introducing a Person:
1. Pointing to the photograph, Varun said, "She is the daughter of my grandfather's only
son." How is Varun related to the girl in the photograph ?
2. Pointing to a person Deepak said,” His only brother is the father of my daughters father”.
How is the person related to deepak?
Based on Statement:
3. Five persons are sitting around the dining table. - K, L, M, N and O - K is the mother of
M, who is the wife of O. N is the brother of K and L is the husband of K. How is L related to O?
4. In a family of six persons A, B, C, D, E and F, there are two married couples. D is grandmother of A and
mother of B. C is the wife of B and mother of F. F is the granddaughter of E. What is C to A?
Equation
5. A 3 P means A is the mother of P. A 4 P means A is the brother of P.
A 9 P means A is the husband of P. A 5 P means A is the daughter of P
Which of the following means that K is the mother-in-law of M ?
a) M9N3K4J b) M9N5K3J c) K5J9M3N d) K3J9N4M
Practice Problems
Introducing a Person:
6. Pointing to a man, a woman said, "His mother is the only daughter of my mother." How
is the woman related to the man ?
Based on Statement:
7. A is brother of R. C is mother of B. M is sister of C. How is M related to B?
8. If (i) M is brother of N; (ii) B is brother of N; and (iii) M is brother of D, then which of
the following statements is definitely true?
a) N is brother of B b) N is brother of D c) M is brother of B d) D is brother of M
Equation
9. If A + B means A is the sister of B; A x B means A is the wife of B, A % B means A is
the father of B and A - B means A is the brother of B. Which of the following means T
is the daughter of P?
a) P x Q % R + S – T b) P x Q % R - T + S c) P x Q % R + T – S d) P x Q % R + S + T

71
10. If A + B means A is the brother of B; A x B means A is the son of B; and A % B means B is the daughter
of A then which of the following means M is the maternal uncle of N?
a)M + O x N b) M % O x N + P c) M + O % N d) None of these

72
 Coding and Decoding
Code Consists of Meaningful words
1. In certain code language blue is called black, black is called white, white is called red, red is called green.
Green is called pink, pink is called yellow, then the color of human blood Is?
Codes based on Numbers
2. If A = 2, M = 26, Z = 52, then RAT = ?
3. If D = 4 and READ is coded as 7, then what is HEAR coded as?
4. If ZOO is coded as 2, TAN is coded as 8, then what is the code for WAR?
Codes based on Numbers and Symbols
5. In a certain code, RAID is written as %#*$, RIPE is written as % * @ ©. How is DEAR written up in that
code?
6. In a certain code language, if the value of 28+14=50 and 36+43=63 then what is the code of 44+52=?
Codes based on English Alphabets
7. If ‘COUNSEL’ is to ‘BITIRAK’ so also ‘GUIDANCE’ is to
8. If SYMBOL is written as NZTMPC is a certain code. How is NUMBER will be coded?
Coded Sentence
9. ‘Worst Thing To Happen’ is coded as ‘ip tn bl rm’
‘Stay Close To Heart’ is coded as ‘pc ap ha bl’
‘Your Stay Was Worst’ is coded as ‘jr rm ha pi’
‘Thing Stay In Heart’ is coded as ‘ma pc ha tn’
a)What does the code ‘jr’ stand for in the given code language?
b)Which of the following is the code for ‘Worst Stay’ in the given code language?

10. "Music is natural medicine" is coded as "5#U 2^I 7&A 8*E“

"Eating vegetable makes healthy" is coded as "6$E 9=E 5#A 7&E“
"Health and Money balance" is coded as "6$E 3%A 5#O 7&A“
"Life extra wonderful now" is coded as "4@I 5#E 9=O 3%O“
a) What would be the code for "Weather"?
b) What is the code for "Balanced diet"?

73
Practice Problems
Code Consists of Meaningful words
1. If 'sky' is called as 'star', 'star' is called as 'cloud', 'cloud' is called as 'earth', 'earth' is called as 'tree', and 'tree' is
called as 'book', then where do the birds fly?
Codes based on Numbers
2. If B = 2, BAG = 10, then BOX = ?
3. If REASON is coded as 5 and BELIEVED as 7, then what is the code for GOVERNMENT?
Codes based on Numbers and Symbols
4. If UNIVERSITY is 1273948756, how can TRUSTY be written in that code?
5. In a certain code, MEAN is written as $57* and DOME is written as 93$5. How is MOAN written in that code?
Codes based on English Alphabets
6. If APPLE is coded as DSSOH then RABBIT will be coded as ?
7. If APTITUDE is coded as BRWMYAKM then REASONING is coded as ?
8. In a certain code of numbers GREEN is written as 209222213. How would YELLOW be written in that code?
9. If ‘Development’ is written as UOFNQPMFWFE. Then ‘Evaluation’ will be written as
10. In a code TIGER is written as SHFDQ, how shall HORSE be written in that code?
11. If BOMBAY is written as MYMYMY, how will TAMIL NADU be written in that code?
12. If 'ORIENT' is coded as PQJDOS then what is the code for 'MOBILE'?
13. In a certain code language OFFICE is written as NGGHDF. How is DENOTE written in that code language?
Coded Sentence
14. In a certain code language, '743' means 'mangoes are good' ; '657' means 'eat good food'
and '934' means 'mangoes are ripe'. Which digit means 'ripe' and ‘mangoes are’ in that language ?
15. In a certain code language, ‘kew xas huma deko’ means ‘she is eating apples’; ‘kew tepo
qua’ means ‘she sells toys’ and ‘sul lim deko’ means ‘I like apples’. Which word in that
language means ‘she’ and ‘apples’?

74
 ANALOGY
An analogy is a word used in terms of comparing two things or finding a relation between two things.
Some Related Examples
Quantity and Unit : A dog lives in a kennel.
Ex. Length : Metre. Metre is the unit of length. • Bee : Apiary
Some more examples are given below : • Cattle : Shed
• Mass : Kilogram • Lion : Den
• Force : Newton Study and Topic :
Individual and Group : Ex.Ornithology : Birds
Ex.Sailors : Crew Ornithology is the study of birds.
A group of sailors is called a crew. • Seismology : Earthquakes
• Cattle : Herd • Botany : Plants
• Flowers : Bouquet • Onomatology : Names
• Grapes : Bunch
Animal and Young one : Worker and Tool :
Ex.Cow : Calf Ex. Blacksmith : Anvil
Calf is the young one of cow. Anvil is the tool used by a blacksmith.
• Horse : Pony • Carpenter : Saw
• Cat : Kitten • Woodcutter : Axe
Male and Female : • Tailor : Needle
Ex.Horse : Mare Tool and Action :
Mare is the female horse. Ex. Needle : Sew
• Dog : Bitch A needle is used for sewing.
• Stag : Doe • Knife : Cut
• Son : Daughter • Sword : Slaughter
Individual and Class : • Mattock : Dig
Ex.Lizard : Reptile Worker and Working Place :
Lizard belongs to the class of reptiles. Ex. Chef : Kitchen
• Man : Mammal A chef works in a kitchen.
• Ostrich : Bird • Farmer : Field
Individual and Dwelling Place : • Warrior : Battlefield
Ex.Dog : Kennel • Engineer : Site

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Worker and Product : • Furniture : Wood
Ex. Mason : Wall • Shoes : Leather
A mason builds a wall. Part and Whole Relationship :
• Farmer : Crop Ex. Pen : Nib.
• Hunter : Prey Nib is a part of a pen.
• Carpenter : Furniture •Pencil : Lead
• Author : Book • House : Kitchen
Product and Raw Material : • Fan : Blade
Ex. Prism : Glass
Prism is made of glass.
• Butter : Milk
• Wall : Brick NUMBER BASED ANALOGY
LETTER BASED ANALOGY In this type of analogy the problems were based on
In this type of analogy we have to move with letters. arithmetical operations like addition, subtraction,
Where the letters where either forwarded or back multiplication and division of numbers were used.
warded or they will be change in place etc., Some of its examples are:
EXAMPLES: Examples:
1. EFG: HIJ : : PQR : ? 1. 4 : 8 :: 16 : ?
2. UVW : RST :: MNO : ? 2. 3 : 27 : : ?
Practice Problems
1. Knife : Cut : : ? : Guard
2. Round : Earth : : ?
a) Thin : Paper b) Height : Mountain c) Transparent : Glass d. Cube : Dice
3. ‘Cube’ is related to ‘Square’ in a same way as ‘ Square’ is related to
4. Foot : ? : : Hand : Wrist
5. HCM : FAK : : SGD : ?
6. CLOSE : DNRWJ : : OPEN : ?
7. EGIK : LJHF : : SUWY : ?
8. GREAT : 25 : : NUMBER : ?
9. NURTURE : ERUTRUN
a) PRANK: KNARP b) PRANAK : KNPRA c) PRANK : NKARP d) PRANK : PNARK
10. ‘NQ’ is related to ‘SV’ in the same way as ‘DG’ is related to ?
76
11. ‘MORE’ is related to ‘EORM’ in the same way as ‘SUIT’ is related to ?
12. 17 : 34 :: ? : 10
13. 01 : 36 : : 2 : ?
14. 41357 is related to 4 in the same way as 421 is
15. 12 : 30 : : 18 : ?

77
 Alphanumeric Series
2T#K7PN3R?5Q1SA9@4EG%8JB6M!V9Z
1. Which is the 4th element to the right of the 23rd element from the right end?
A. Q B. K C. B D. # E. J
2. Four of the following are alike. Find the odd one.
A.7PN B.Q1S C. 4GB D. 6M! E. SA9

M 4 C @ F 7 1 $ A E N 9 H > 5 ↓ K E˜ 3 ? B J # G 8 D 6 I L 2
3. How many such symbols are there in the above sequence of elements which are immediately
preceded by an alphabet and immediately followed by a digit?
A. Zero B. One C. Two D. Three E. More than three

7FG3%O1H@5IQ90*ZU#YX6EW@B2A$%9
4. 4. How many vowels are there in the given series which are immediately preceded by a
digit but not immediately followed by a consonant?
A.Two B.Three C.One D.More than three E.None

R%4!C7B1^N3πCF©8SΩ9LQX&G£D&R3*O
5.What is the sum of place values according to the alphabet series of the element in the given series 7th
from left end and 8th from right end?
(consider A=1; B=2; C=3;...So on till Z=26)
A.8 B.9 C.10 D.11 E.None of these

Practice Problems
M 4 C @ F 7 1 $ A E N 9 H > 5 ↓ K E˜ 3 ? B J # G 8 D 6 I L 2
1. Which of the following is the tenth element to the right of the fifteenth element from the
right?
A. 1 B. 6 C. D D. 8 E. 9
RK59#B2%*E?A8L$I4SV7!C6N@H13&D
2.Find the next term in the following series 5#2, *?8, $4v, ___
A. LIS B. !6@ C. I4S D. 13$ E. 52*

78
3.How many consonants are there, which are immediately followed by a digit but not immediately
preceded by a consonant?
A. 3 B. 2 C. 1 D. 0 E.More than 3

7FG3%O1H@5IQ90*ZU#YX6EW@B2A$%9
4.How many consonants are there in the given series which are immediately preceded by a vowel and
immediately followed by a digit?
A.Two B.Three C.One D.None E. More than three
5.Which of the following elements is fifth to the right of eleventh element from the left end?
A.Z B.U C.* D.4 E.#
6.If all the digits are removed from the above series, then which element is twelfth from the right end
A.Q B.U C.# D.Z E.None of these
7. If Four of the following five are alike in a certain way and thus form a group. Which is the one
that does not belong to that group?
A.O1% B.ZU* C.B2@ D.$%9 E.YX#

8KL5IRT82%U*1SV^WNMZ27$F!B¥0
8. If all odd numbers are deleted in the series, which will be the 8th element from the right end?
A.M B.8 C.2 D.Z E.None of these
9. After eliminating all the alphabet from the series which will be the 10th element from the left side?
A.T B.% C.$ D.7 E.None of these
10. If we add all the numbers in the given series then the result would be?
A.33 B.23 C.27 D.32 E.None of these
11. If all the digits in the series are multiplied with 3 and then all numbers added, the resultant is?
A.101 B.100 C.90 D.99 E.None of these
12. After eliminating all the symbols from the given series, what will be the 3rd element to the right of
the 5th element from the left side?
A.8 B.2 C.N D.Z E.None of these

79
R%4!C7B1^N3πCF©8SΩ9LQX&G£D&R3*O
13.If all the consonants are dropped from the given series, which will be the 6th from the right of the
2nd element from the left end?
A.N B.^ C.π D.8 E.None of these
14. How many symbols are there in arrangement, followed by an alphabet and preceded by a number?
A.4 B.5 C.2 D.0 E.None of these
15. In the given arrangement how many symbols are there between B and D?
A.7 B.6 C.4 D.8 E.None of these

80
 Inequalities
Basic Model
Identify which conclusion follows for the following statements and select options a,b,c,d and e
(a) If only conclusion I follows.
(b) If only conclusion II follows.
(c) If either conclusion I or II follows.
(d) If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
(e) If both conclusion I and II follow.
1. Statements: A ≤ D < C ≥ B < E
Conclusion: I. C > A II. A ≥ C
2.Statements: A ≥ B, M >B, D< M, F =D
Conclusions: I. B > D II. B < A III. M> F
(a) All follow (b) Only I & II follow (c) Only II and III follow
(d) Only either II or III follows (e) Only III follows

True / False
2. In which of the following expressions 'W > Z' as well as ' Y > Z' hold definitely true?
A.W > X > U = Z < H ≤ Y B.W ≥ X = U > Z ≤ H < Y C.W = X > U ≥ Z < H < Y
D.All of the above E. None of the above

Using Symbols
In the following questions, the symbols $, @, %, & and # are used with the following meanings as
illustrated below:
‘A $ B’ means A is neither greater nor smaller than B
‘A @ B’ means A is neither greater than nor equal to B
`A % B’ means A is neither smaller than nor equal to B
‘A& B’ means A is not smaller than B
‘A # B’ means A is not greater than B
3. Statements: W&P, P %G, G @ I, I # N
Conclusions: I. N%W II. N # W

81
Practice Problems
Basic Model
Identify which conclusion follows for the following statements and select options a,b,c,d ande.
(a) If only conclusion I follows.
(b) If only conclusion II follows.
(c) If either conclusion I or II follows.
(d) If neither conclusion I nor II follows.
(e) If both conclusion I and II follow.
1. Statements: P > L ≤ M < N > Q
Conclusion: I. P > Q II. Q > M
2. Statement: S ≥ T = U < V ≥ X
Conclusions: I. V > S II. V > T
3. Statements: F ≥ M, M> A, R< A, E > R
Conclusions: I. M> E II. F ≥ E III. F< E
(a) Only I follows (b) Only I & II follow (c) Only II and III follow
(d) either II or III follows (e) All follow
True / False
4. In which of the following expressions will the expression ‘H < J’ be definitely true?
(a) G < H ≥ I = J (b) H > G ≥ I = J (c) J = I ≥ G > H (d) H ≥ G > I < J (e)
None of these

Using Symbols
In the following questions, the symbols $, @, %, & and # are used with the following meanings as
illustrated below:
‘A $ B’ means A is neither greater nor smaller than B
‘A @ B’ means A is neither greater than nor equal to B
`A % B’ means A is neither smaller than nor equal to B
‘A& B’ means A is not smaller than B
‘A # B’ means A is not greater than B
1. Statements: U @ D, D $ E, E % Y, Y& W Conclusions: I. U @ Y II. W %D
2. Statements: Z % N, N # K, K $ M, M @ R Conclusions: I. M $ N II. M% N
82
 SYLLOGISM
Directions(1-2) : In each question given below are two Statements followed by two conclusions
numbered I and II. You have to take the two given Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from commonly known facts and decide which of the given conclusions logically follows
from the given two Statements, disregarding commonly known facts. Give answer as
(a) If only conclusion I follows
(b) If only conclusion II follows
(c) If either I or II follows
(d) Neither I nor II follows
(e) If both I and II follow
1. Statement: I. All jungles are tigers. II. Some tigers are horses.
Conclusions I. Some tigers are jungles. II. All horses are jungles.
2.Statement I. All artists are smokers. II. Some smokers are drinkers.
Conclusions I. All smokers are artists. II. Some drinkers are not smokers.
3. Statement I. Some chairs are windows. II. No window is sky.
Conclusions I. No window is chair. II. No chair is window.
III. Some windows are skies. IV. Some chairs are skies.
(a) III follows (b) Either II or III follows (c) Either II or IV follows (d) None follows
4. Statement: I. All crooks are simple. II. Some simple are intelligent. III. All intelligent are fools.
Conclusions I. Some fools are crooks. II. No fool is a crook.
III. Some simple are fools. IV. All intelligent are simple.
(a) None follows (b) Either I or II follows
(c) III and IV follow (d) Either I or II and III follow
5.Statements: I. No books are a page. II.All pages are markers. III.All markers are articles.
Conclusions:I. All pages are article. II. At least some articles are markers.
(a) Only I follows (b) Only II follows (c) Neither II nor III follows (d) Both I and II follow

83
Practice Problems
Directions(1-3) : In each question given below are two Statements followed by two conclusions
numbered I and II. You have to take the two given Statements to be true even if they seem to be at
variance from commonly known facts and decide which of the given conclusions logically follows
from the given two Statements, disregarding commonly known facts. Give answer as
(a) If only conclusion I follows (b) If only conclusion II follows
(c) If either I or II follows (d) Neither I nor II follows (e) If both I and II follow
1. Statement: I. All birds are tall. II. Some tall are hens.
Conclusions I. Some birds are hens. II. Some hens are tall
2.Statement I. Some hens are cows. II. All cows are horses.
Conclusions I. Some horses are hens. II. Some hens are horses.
3. Statement I. Some wins are losses. II.All trophies are losses.
Conclusions I. All trophies are wins. II. All losses are trophies.
4.Statement I. All stars are planets. All planets are trees.
Conclusions I. All planets are stars. II. All stars are trees.
III. All trees are plants. IV. Some trees are stars.
(a) Only II and IV follow (b) Only I and II follow (c) None follows (d) All follow
5.Statement I. No parrot is crow. II.All crows are bats.
Conclusions I. Some bats are parrots. II. All bats are parrots.
III. Some bats are crows. IV. Some bats are not crows.
(a) Either III or IV follows (b) Only I, II and III follow
(c) Only III follows (d) Only I and II follow
6. Statement I. Some books are copies. II. All copies are green. III. Some green are yellow.
Conclusions I. All copies are yellow. II. Some yellow are green. III. Some copies are yellow.
IV. All green are copies.
(a) Only II follows (b) Either III or IV only (c) Either II or IV only (d) All of these
7.Statement: I. Some chairs are shoes. Some shoes are sticks.
Conclusions: I. Some chairs are sticks. II. No chair is stick.
III. All sticks are shoes. IV. All shoes are chairs.
(a) Either I or II follows (b) Either II or IV follows (c) III follows (d) Only I and II follow

84
8.Statement: ISome doors are mangoes. II. All mangoes are bananas.
Conclusions I. All bananas are mangoes. II. All doors are bananas.
III. Some doors are bananas. IV. Some mangoes are doors.
(a) Only I and II follow (b) None follows (c)All follow (d) Only III and IV follow
9. Statement: I. Some toys are pens. II. Some pens are papers. III. Some papers are black.
Conclusions I. Some toys are black. II. No pen is black. III. No toy is black. IV. Some pens are black.
(a) None of the above (b) Either II or IV
(c) Either I or III and either II or IV (d) Either I or IV
10. Statement: I. All jugs are glasses. II. All glasses are cups. III. All cups are pens.
Conclusions I. All pens are jugs. II. Some glasses are pens.
III. Some cups are pens. IV. All pens are cups.
(a) None follows (b) Only II follows (c) II and III Only (d) III and IV only
11. Statement: I. Some newspapers are radios. II. Some radios are televisions.
III. No television is a magazine.
Conclusions I. No newspaper is a magazine. II. No radio is a magazine.
III. Some radios are magazines. IV. Some newspapers are televisions.
(a) None follows (b) Only III follows (c) Either II or III follows (d) Both I and II follow
12.Statements: Some pictures are frames. Some frames are idols. All idols are curtains.
Conclusions I. Some curtains are pictures. II. Some curtains are frames. III. Some idols are frames.
(a) Only I and II follow (b) Only II and III follow (c) Only I and III follow (d) All follow
13. Statements: I. All minutes are seconds. II.All seconds are hours. III. No second is a day.
Conclusions I. No day is an hour. II. Some hours are minutes.
(a) Only I follow (b) Only II follow (c) Both I and II follow (d) None follow
14. Statements I. All vegetables are green. II. Some greens are fruits.
Conclusions I. Some fruits are vegetables. II. No fruit is vegetable.
(A) Only I follows (B) Only II follows (c) Either 1 or 2 follows
(D) Neither I nor II follows (E) Both I and II follows
15. Statement: I. All buses are dogs. II. Some dogs are horses.
Conclusions I. Some horses are dogs. II. Some dogs are buses.
III. Some buses are horses is a possibility. IV. Some horses are not dogs.
(a) Either I or III follows (b) Either II or IV follows
(c) Only I ,II and IIIfollow (d)None follow
85
 Ranking and Ordering
Ranking
1. In a row of people, the position of X on the left-hand side of the row is 25th while the position of X
from the right-hand side of the row is 32nd. How many total numbers of people are there in the row?
2. In a row all the persons are facing north, Rahul is 33rd from the left end and in the right side of
Rahul, there are only 16 persons. Find out total number of person in this queue?
3. In a row of students, Vijay is 11th from the left end, and Hemant is 17th from the right end. If both
of them interchange their positions, Vijay becomes 15th from the left end. How many students is/are
sitting between Hemant and Vijay?
4.In a row of boys, Karun is 5th from the left and Panth is 6th from the right. When they exchange their
position, Karun becomes 13th from the left. What is the new position of Panth from the right?
Ordering
5. There is a group of 6 people: A,B,C,D,E and F (not necessarily in the same order). D is taller than
A and E. F is taller than B and C. E is taller than F. A is taller than F. which of the following can be
shortest?
6. Five products A,B,C,D and E are price differently in a general store. A is cheaper than C but
costlier than B. E is costlier than C but cheaper than D. which of the product is the cheapest?
Study the following information and answer the given questions:
7. There are six students-P, Q, R, S, T, and U in a class. Each one has different number of candies. S
have less number of candies than only two students. P have more candies than R but less than U. R
does not have least number of candies. S does not have odd number of candies. U has less candies than
Q. The one who has third-lowest number of candies have 21 candies.
8. Among J, K, L, M and N, each one of them is of different heights, K is taller than only one person.
M is shorter than only L. M is taller than J and N (both). Who among them is the third tallest?
a) J b) K c) L d) N e) Either (a) or (d)

86
Practice Problems
Ranking
1. In a row of people, the position of person X from the left-hand side is 23rd and there are 5
people after X in a row. So, how many total people are there in the row?
2. There are 52 people in a row. X is at the 13th position from the left side of the row while Y is
at 18th position form right side of the row. Find the total number of people between X and Y.
3. Suppose in a row there are 16 people, position of X from the left side is 4th. Find the total
number of people after X in the row.
4. Karim ranks 15th from the top in a class of 49 students. What is his rank from the bottom?
5. If you are 13th from both sides in a row, then how many people are standing in that row?
6. Six classmates, T,U,V,W,X and Y each scored different marks in an entrance examination. V
scored more than only T and X. W scores less than only U. X did not score the least. The one who
scored the third highest marks, scores 91 marks. X scored 72 marks.
Which of the following could possibly be V’s score?
a)104 b) 80 c) 97 d) 71
7. Six persons A,B,C,D,E and F were engaged in a group discussion. A spoke immediately
before D but immediately after B. B spoke immediately after F. If C spoke immediately after D but
before E, then who among the following started the discussion?
Directions (8-10): Study the following information and answer the given questions:
There are six students-P, Q, R, S, T, and U in a class. Each one has different number of candies. S have
less number of candies than only two students. P have more candies than R but less than U. R does not
have least number of candies. S does not have odd number of candies. U has less candies than Q. The
one who has third-lowest number of candies have 21 candies.
8. Who among the following have highest number of candies?
a)Q b) U c) R d) S
9. If U have 48 candies, then what is the possible number of candies S have?
a) 45 b) 19 c) 38 d) 25
10. Who among the following have third lowest number of candies?
a) U b) R c) S d) P

87
 Seating Arrangement
Linear Arrangement
1.In an exhibition seven brands have put up their stalls Each of these stalls are facing east
The seven brands which have put up a stall include: Titan, Biba, Louis Phillipe, Adidas, Puma, Allen
Solly and Basics.Titan is next to the right of Basics.Basics is fourth to the right of Louis Phillipe
Adidas is between Biba and Allen Solly.Louis Phillipe which is third to the left of Biba, is at one end.
1.1.Which of the given pairs is correct for the brands displayed at the two ends of the line?
a)Louis Phillipe, Allen Solly b)Titan, Allen Solly c)Louis Phillipe, Puma
d)Puma, Basics e)Basics, Louis Phillipe
1.2. Which brand is displayed on the immediate right of Titan?
a)Puma b)Basics c)Adidas d)Allen Solly e)Biba
1.3. Allen Solly is to the immediate left of _______
a)Biba b)Louis Phillipe c)Adidas d)Puma e)Basics
1.4 .Which brand is being displayed exactly in between Biba and Titan?
a)Basics b)Louis Phillipe c)Puma d)Allen Solly e)Adidas
1.5. Which brand is being displayed towards the immediate right of Titan?
a)Adidas b)Cannot be Determined c)Biba d)Puma e)Basics
1.6 Puma has put up a stall to the immediate right of which brand?
a)Titan b)Allen Solly c)Basics d)Puma e)Louis Phillipe

2.Twelve people are sitting in two parallel rows containing six people each such that they are
equidistant from each other.
In row 1: P, Q, R, S, T and V are seated and all of them are facing South.
In row 2: A, B, C, D, E and F are seated and all of them are facing North. Therefore, in the given
seating arrangement, each member seated in a row faces another member of the row.
S sits third to the right of Q, either S or Q sits at an extreme end of the line. The one who faces Q sits
second to the right of E. Two people sit between B and F, neither B nor F sits at extreme end of the
line. The immediate neighbour of B faces the person who sits third to the left of P. R and T are
immediate neighbours. C sits second to the left of A. T does not face the immediate neighbour of D.
2.1 Who amongst the following sit at the extreme ends of the rows?
(a) S, D (b) Q A (c) V, C (d) P, D (e) Q F

88
2.2 Who amongst the following faces S?
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D (e) F
2.3 How many persons are seated between V and R?
(a) one (b) two (c) three (d) four (e) None of these
2.4 P is related to A in the same way as S is related to B based on the given arrangement. Which
of the following is T related to, following the same pattern?
(a) C (b) D (c) E (d) F (e) Cannot be determined
2.5 Which of the following is true regarding T?
(a) F faces T (b) V is an immediate neighbor of T
(c) F faces the one who is second to the right of T
(d) T sits at one of the extreme ends of the line. (e) Q sits second to the right of T

Circular Arrangement
3. D, E, F, H and I are seated in a circle facing the centre. A, B and C are also seated in the same circle
but two of them are not facing the centre. F is second to the left of C. E is third to the right of A.B is
third to left of D, who is immediate neighbor of H and I. C is second to the right of D and third tothe
right of B.
3.1 Which of the following pairs is not facing the centre?
a) BC b) AC c) CA d) BD e) None of these
3.2What is the position of D with respect to F?
a) Second to the right b) Third to the left
c) Fifth to the right d) Cannot be determined e) None of these
3.3 Who among the following is second to the left of B?
a) A b) H c) I d) Either H or I e) None of these
3.4 If H is on the immediate right of E then what is H’s position with respect to C?
a) Third to the left b) Third to the right c) Fifth to the left
d) Cannot be determined e) None of these
3.5.Which of the following is/are the possible position(s) of I with respect to A?
a) Fourth to the right b) Second to the left c) Fourth to the left
d) Only a and c e) All of the above

89
Square Arrangement
Eight persons i.e. Suresh, Tinku, Uzma, Vaibhav, Wahid, Xyra, Yogesh and Zeshaan are sitting in a
square table but not necessarily in the same order. Four of them sit at corners and remaining sit at the
middle of the side of the square. All are facing towards the centre.Suresh sits third to the right of Tinku,
who is an immediate neighbour of Uzma. Three persons sit between Uzma and Vaibhav. Wahid faces
to Xyra. Xyra and Yogesh is not an immediate neighbor of Suresh.
4.1 Who among the following person sits immediate right of Suresh?
A.Wahid B.Xyra C.Zeshaan D.Yogesh E.None of these
4.2 Who among the following person faces to Yogesh?
A.Tinku B.Suresh C.Uzma D.Vaibhav E.None of these
4.3 How many persons are sitting between Tinku and Zeshaan?
A.1 B.2 C.4 D.3 E.Either b or c
4.4 Who among the following persons are immediate neighbours of Vaibhav?
A.Xyra-Yogesh B.Yogesh-Zeshaan C.Xyra-Suresh
D.Yogesh-Suresh E.Xyra-Zeshaan
4.5Four of the following five are alike in a certain way based on a group, find the one which does
not belong to that group?
A.Tinku B.Suresh C.Uzma D.Vaibhav E.Yogesh
5. Eight people Arthi, Bindu, chinnu, Divya, Ezhil, Prithvi, Gopal and Harish live in an eight storey
building, but not necessarily in the same order. The lowermost floor is numbered 1 and the topmost
floor is numbered 8.
Arthi lives on an even-numbered floor but not on the floor numbered second or fourth. Only three
floors are there between Arthi and Bindu. Only two people live between chinnu and Ezhil. Prithvi lives
on a floor above Divya. There are equal numbers of floors between the floors on which Ezhil and
Bindu live and between the floors on which Arthi and Ezhil live. Harish lives immediately below
Divya’s floor. Gopal lives immediately below Arthi’s floor.
5.1Prithvi lives on which of the following floors?
A)Third B)Fifth C)Sixth D)Second E)None of these
5.2 How many floors are there between Bindu and Divya?
A)Five B)One C)Two D)Three E)None of these
5.3 Who among the following lives on the first floor?
A)Harish B)chinnu C)Prithvi D)Ezhil E)None of these
90
5.4 Who among the following lives on the seventh floor?
A)Ezhil B)Prithvi c)Gopal D)Chinnu E)None of these
5.5Which of the following statements is/are true?
A) Arthi lives on the sixth floor. B)Divya lives on the topmost floor.
C)There are two people between Prithvi and Chinnu.
D)Harish lives just above Arthi. E) Chinnu lives on the third floor.

Practice Problems
1.Eleven friends M, N, O, P, Q, R, S, T, U, V and W are sitting in the first row of the stadium watching
a cricket match facing north.
T is to the immediate left of P and third to the right of U.
V is the immediate neighbor of M and N and third to the left of S.
M is the second to the right of Q, who is at one of the ends.
R is sitting next to the right of P and P is second to the right of O.
1.1 Who is sitting in the center of the row?
A. N B. O C. S D. U
1.2 Which of the following people are sitting to the right of S?
A. OTPQ B. OTPR C. UNVM D. UOTPR
1.3 Which of the following statements is true with respect to the above arrangement?
A. There are three people sitting between P and S B. W is between M and V.
C. N is sitting between V and U D. S and O are neighbors sitting to the immediate right of T
1.4 Who are the immediate neighbors of T?
A. O, P B. O, R C. N, U D. V, U
1.5 If Q and P, O and N, M and T, and W and R interchange their positions then which of the
following pairs of friends is sitting at the ends?
A. P and Q B. Q and R C. P and W D. W and R

91
Circular Arrangement
2. P, Q, R, S, T, U and V are seven friends and are sitting in a circle facing the center of the circle.
V is second to the left of S and is the neighbor of T and U.
S is not a neighbor of R or T. P is a neighbor of Q and R.
2.1 Which of the following is correct?
a. Q is between P and S b. S is between U and P
c. T is to the immediate right of V. d. U is to the immediate left of V.
2.2 Which of the following has the pair with the second person sitting to the immediate right of
the first person?
a. QU b. VU c. TR d. PT
2.3 Which of the following will be S’s position after T and S interchange their places?
a. Neighbour of V and R b. To the immediate left of R
c. To the immediate right of U d. Neighbour of R and P
2.4 What is the position of R?
a. Second to the left of Q b. Third to the right of U
c. To the immediate left of P d. None of these
2.5 Which of the following has the second person sitting between the first and third persons?
a. SPQ b. VRT c. QRP d. VUS
3.There are eight persons J, K, L, M, R, O, P and N are sitting around a rectangular table in such a way
that four of them sit at four corners of the Table while four sits in the middle of each of the four sides.
The one who sit at the four corners face outside the centre while those who sit in the middle of the sides
face inside. P sit second to the left of O. K sits second to the right of J. L sits third to the left of N. L
faces inside. R sits third to the left O. L is not the immediate neighbour of J.
3.1 Who among the following sits second to the right of K?
(a) M (b) N (c) L (d) R (e) None of these

3.2 Four of the following five belongs to a group find the one that does not belong to that group?
(a) L (b) R (c) K (d) N (e) J
3.3 Who among the following faces R?
(a) K (b) L (c) M (d) N (e) None of these

3.4 Who among the following sits third to the left of the one who sits second to the right of R?
(a) O (b) P (c) N (d) L (e) None of these
3.5 Who among the following sits exactly opposite to M?
(a) L (b) R (c) N (d) P (e) None of these
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4.A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H are sitting around a square table, four of them sit at 4 corners while four sit
at the middle of the sides. The one who sit at the corners face the centre while who sit at the middle
face outside. They like different fruits Mango, Apple, Orange, Banana, Peach, Pears, Guava and Cherry
(not necessarily in same order).
G does not like Cherry. The one who likes Banana is an immediate neighbour of F. C sits third to the
left of the one who likes Cherry. Only two persons sit between C and H. The one who likes Mango sits
on the immediate right of H. The one who likes Peach sits second to the right of G. G is neither an
immediate neighbour of H nor C. Only one person sits between A and the one who likes Peach. D sits
on the immediate left of the one who likes Pears. E likes Guava. The one who likes Cherry doesn’t face
inside. E is not an immediate neighbour of A, who sits 2nd right of C. The one who likes Apple is an
immediate neighbour of E.
4.1 What is the position of H with respect to G?
(a) Second to the left (b) Third to the right (c) Fourth to the left
(d) Second to the right (e) Third to the left
4.2 Who among the following is an immediate neighbour of the one who likes Peach?
(a) F (b) C (c) B (d) D (e) H
4.3 Who among the following sits exactly between F and E?
(a) C (b) The one who likes Banana (c) The one who likes Pears
(d) G (e) The one who likes Orange
4.4 Who among the following sits diagonally opposite to the one who likes Mango?
(a) The one who likes Apple (b) D (c) The one who likes Banana
(d) H (e) None of these
4.5 Who among the following sits diagonally opposite to the one who likes Mango?
(a) The one who likes Apple (b) D (c) The one who likes Banana
(d) H (e) None of these

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 Data Sufficiency
a)If statement I alone is sufficient
b)If statement II alone is sufficient
c)If either statement I or II is sufficient
d)If neither statement I and II is sufficient
e)If both statements I and II together are sufficient
1. How is M related to N?
Statement I: N’s sister F has married H’s brother G.
Statement II: M is the only daughter of G and F.

2. What is the code for ‘sky’ in the code language?

Statement I: In the code language, ‘get set jet’ means ‘kite flying sky’.
Statement II: In the same code language, ‘jet ket pet’ means ‘sky is blue’.

3. Out of five friends, A, B, C, D & E, which one is the heaviest?

Statement I: C is heavier than E and lighter than A. Only one person is heavier than B
Statement II: Two people are heavier than A and E is the lightest. C is not the heaviest and only one
person is heavier than B.

Practice Problems
1. Who among Mukund, Karan, Ajay and Sanjay is the youngest?
Statement I: Mukund is elder than Karan. Sanjay is younger than Karan
Statement II: Ajay is younger than Karan and elder than Sanjay

2. What will be the code for “big”?

Statement I: In a certain code language, “butterfly is beautiful” is written as “es je ik”
Statement II: In the same code language, “box is big” is written as “ik ej ze” and “blow the big
balloon” is written as “ze ak xo il”

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3. Five lectures are to be conducted between Monday to Friday. On which day will the history lecture
be conducted?
Statement I: The English Literature lecture is conducted on Thursday, immediately after the
Philosophy lecture
Statement II: Physics lecture is not scheduled for the last day and three lectures are conducted after the
Chemistry lecture

4. Six friends Agrima, Barkha, Charu, Dhriti, Elina and Faiza are sitting around a circular table, facing
the centre. Who sits exactly in between Charu and Dhriti?
Statement I: Barkha sits second to the left of Dhriti and only one person sits between Charu and
Barkha
Statement II: Agrima sits to the immediate right of Barkha and there are two people sitting between
Elina and Dhriti

5. What will be the code for “song”?

Statement I: In a certain code language, “listening to music” is written as “se je ke” and “music is
peace” is written as “ze ke xe”
Statement II: In the same code language, “dance to music” is written as “ke de me” and “unmute the
song” is written as “ne pe re”

6.Which word has been coded as “xz”?

Statement I: “trees are green” is coded as “es le gk”
Statement II: “shrubs are growing” is coded as “gk ae lk” and “plants shrubs trees” is coded as “es lk
xz”

7. 5 friends – Ankita, Anita, Arpita, Arunima and Amita are sitting around a circular table, facing
outside the circle. Who sits on the immediate right of Arpita?

Statement I: Arpita sits in between Anita and Arunima

Statement II: Only one person is sitting between Arunima and Ankita

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8. Six Professors have been assigned to take up lectures in a week, starting from Monday till Saturday.
The six Professors are Mandeep, Nitin, Ondrilla, Pankhuri, Yukti and Rati. How many Professors
conduct lectures before Ondrilla?
Statement I: Pankhuri conducts her lecture at least before three people. Mandeep gave the lecture
conducted on Philosophy on Tuesday.
Statement II: Yukti is given the lecture before at least one of the other lecturers. Ondrilla conducted
her Physics lecture immediately on the next day as Pankhuri’s lecture.
Statement III: A minimum of four lectures were conducted after Nitin’s lecture
a) If data in Statement I alone is sufficient
b) If data in all Statement I, II & III is sufficient
c) If data in only Statement II & III is sufficient
d) If data in only Statement III is sufficient
e) If data in only Statement I & II is sufficient

9. Who among the five friends viz. A, B, C, D & E is the tallest?

Statement I: B is only taller than D
Statement II: A is shorter than E but taller than C
Statement III: B is not the shortest
a) If statement II alone is sufficient
b) If statement I & II together are sufficient
c) If statement I, II & III together are not sufficient
d) If statement I & III are sufficient
e) None of the above

10. Who is the wife of Z?

Statement I: H is the only daughter of X. K is the paternal uncle of X.
Statement II: K is the brother-in-law of X
Statement III: K and Z are brothers.
a) If statement I, II & III together are sufficient
b) If only statement II & III are sufficient
c) If only statement I is sufficient
d) If only statement I & II are sufficient e)None of the above
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11. Seven people are sitting in a straight line viz. Gautam, Palak, Varun, Diya, Krishi, Rudra and Lalit.
Who among these is sitting exactly in the centre of the line?
Statement I: Gautam is sitting at one of the ends of the line. Varun is sitting third to the right of
Gautam
Statement II: Rudra is sitting third to the left of Palak. Lalit is sitting second from the right end of the
line
Statement III: Three people sit between Krishi and Palak. Gautam is sitting at one of the ends of the
line
a) Only statement I is sufficient
b) Only statement II is sufficient
c) Only statement III is sufficient
d) All statements I, II & III are sufficient
e) None of the above

12. What will be the code for “Rainbow”?

Statement I: “Sky has rainbow” is coded as “@ # *”
Statement II: “rainbow has seven colours” is coded as “# @ + ?”
Statement III: “blue is one colour of rainbow” is coded as “@ $ & < ^”
a) Only statement I is sufficient
b) Only statement II is sufficient
c) Only statement III is sufficient
d) ll statements I, II & III are sufficient
e) None of the above

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 Statements and Arguments
Select the option you feel is right based on the below sentences.
1. Statement : Should India go in for computerization in all possible sectors ?
Arguments : I. Yes. It will bring efficiency and accuracy in the work.
II. No. It will be an injustice to the monumental human resources which are at present underutilized.
III. No. Computerization demands a lot of money. We should not waste money on it.
IV. Yes. When advanced countries are introducing computers in every field, how can India afford to lag
behind ?
A. Only I is strong B. Only I and II are strong
C. Only I and III are strong D. Only II and III are strong
2. Statement : Should India immediately stop digging coal from its mines ?
Arguments : I. Yes. The present stock of coal will not last long if we continue mining at the present
rate.
II. No. We do not have alternate energy source of sufficient quantity.
III. No. This will put millions of people at a disadvantage and their lives will get adversely affected and
also the industry.
A. Only I and II are strong B. Only II and III are strong
C. Only I and III are strong D. All are strong
3. Statement : Should the parliamentary elections in India be held every three years as against five
years at present ?
Arguments : I. No. This will enhance wastage of money and resources.
II. Yes. This will help the voters to change non - performing representatives without much , delay.
III. No. The elected representatives will not have enough time to settle and concentrate on
developmental activities.
A. None is strong B. Only I and II are strong
C. Only II and III are strong D. Only I and III are strong
Practice Problems
4. Statement : Should all the management institutes in the country be brought under government
control ?
Arguments : I. No. The government does not have adequate resources to run such institutes
effectively.

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II. No. Each institute should be given freedom to function on its own.
III. Yes. This will enable to have standardized education for all the students.
IV. Yes. Only then the quality of education would be improved.
A. None is strong B. Only I, II and III are strong
C. Only I and III are strong D. All are strong

5. Statement : Should the government ban all forms of protests including strikes and processions ?
Arguments : I. Yes. This is the only way to teach discipline to the employees.
II. No. Gpvernment cannot depriye its citizens of their basic rights.
III. Yes. This is the only way to ensure maximum productivity without disruption of work.
A. None is strong B. Only I and II are strong
C. Only II and III are strong D. Only I and III are strong

6. Statement : Should there be complete ban on Indian professionals seeking jobs elsewhere after
getting" their education in India ?
Arguments : I. Yes. This is the only way to sustain the present rate of technological development in
India.
II. No. The Indians settled abroad send huge amounts of foreign exchange and this constitutes a
significant part of foreign exchange reserve.
III. No. The practical knowledge gained by Indians by working in other countries helps India develop
its economy.
A. None is strong B. All are strong
C. Only I and II are strong D. Only III is strong
7. Statement :
Should children be prevented completely from watching television ?
Arguments :
I. No. We get vital information regarding education through television.
II. Yes. It hampers the study of children.
III. Yes. Young children are misguided by certain programmes featuring sex and violence.
IV. No. This is the only way to educate the masses.
A. Only I, II and III are strong B. Only I is strong
C. Only I, II and IV are strong D. Only I and II are strong
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8. Statement : Should government established higher level Institutes of Technology (IIT's) be
privatized ?
Arguments : I. Yes. Privatization will make these institutes financially healthy, competitive and
quality conscious.
II. Yes. Privatization is the key of the new era — can we survive without it ?
III. No. Standard of education of these institutes will fall.
A. None is strong B. All are strong
C. Only I is strong D. Only I and III are strong

9.Statement : Should admission to all professional courses be made on the basis of past academic
performance rather than through entrance tests ?
Arguments : I. Yes. It will be beneficial for those candidates who are unable to bear the expenses of
entrance tests.
II. Yes. Many deserving candidates securing high marks in their qualifying academic examinations do
not perform well on such entrance tests,
III. No. The standard of examinations and assessment conducted by different Boards and universities
are not comparable and hence there is a need to conduct entrance tests to calibrate them on a common
yardstick.
A. Only I and II are strong B. Only II and III are strong
C. Only I and III are strong D. Only III is strong

10.Statement :
Should the consumption of aerated drinks be banned in India ?
Arguments :
I. Yes. This is the only way to reduce the risk of exposing people to some diseases.
II. No. Each individual should have right to choose what he wants.
III. No. There is no confirmed evidence that such products have adverse effects on human body.
IV. Yes. It is banned in many other countries also.
A. Only I is strong B. Only I and II are strong
C. Only III is strong D. Only I and IV are strong

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