The Good Shepherd School of Imelda, Inc.

RIVERSIDE, IMELDA, ZAMBOANGA SIBUGAYSEC. REG. #G19700393

GOVERNMENT PERMIT No. 37 S. 2015 (PRESCHOOL TO COMPLETE ELEMENTARY)
GOVERNMENT RECOGNITION (R-IX) NO. 002, S. 2008 (COMPLETE SECONDARY COURSE)

LESSON PLAN
Name of Teacher Christy P. Betita Subject EARTH AND LIFE
SCIENCE
Grade Level 10 Time Allotment 1 Hour
Time Schedule August/MWF Time Frame 1:00pm-2:00pm
Quarter 1st semester/ Week 2 Evaluation Items 10 items

TOPIC INTRODUCTION TO LIFE SCIENCE

UNIT STANDARD CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate understanding of the historical development of the
concept of life; the origin of the first life forms; and unifying themes in the study
of life.
PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learners should be able to value life by taking good care of all beings,
humans, plants, and animals.
PRIOR Before studying life science, it's essential to understand several foundational concepts.
KNOWLEDGE What is cell theory?
A. Reviewing previous Cell theory states that all living organisms are made of cells, which are the basic units of
lesson or presenting the life.
new lesson What are the branches of science that talks about life?
Genetics involves DNA, which carries hereditary information, and evolution explains
how species change over time through natural selection.
Ecology examines interactions between organisms and their environments, while
biochemistry focuses on the organic molecules vital for life.
Physiology explores how organisms function and maintain homeostasis, and
microbiology studies microorganisms and their roles in ecosystems and health.
Taxonomy involves classifying organisms into hierarchical categories. Knowledge of the
scientific method—observation, hypothesis, experimentation, analysis, and
communication—is also crucial for conducting and understanding research.
ESSENTIAL What are the criteria that distinguish living organisms from non-living matter?
QUESTIONS (e.g., cellular structure, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, and
B. Establishing a purpose response to stimuli)
of the lesson How do fundamental processes like metabolism, cellular respiration, and
photosynthesis sustain life?
How do genetic information and heredity influence the characteristics and
functioning of organisms?
How do living organisms adapt to their environments through evolutionary
processes?
ow do organisms interact with each other and their environments, and what roles
do these interactions play in ecosystems?
ESSENTIAL Life science is a branch of science focused on the study of living organisms and
UNDERSTANDING their interactions with their environments. It encompasses various subfields such
as biology, ecology, genetics, and medicine, aiming to understand the complexity
and diversity of life on Earth. At its core, life science examines the fundamental
characteristics of living things, including growth and development, reproduction,
metabolism, response to stimuli, and homeostasis. These characteristics are
essential for defining what constitutes life and for understanding how organisms
function and survive.
The study of life science involves exploring different levels of biological
organization. It begins with cells, the basic unit of life, which aggregate into
tissues and organs. These organs work together in systems to perform complex
functions, supporting the entire organism. Beyond individual organisms, life
science extends to populations, communities, ecosystems, and the biosphere,
emphasizing the interconnectedness of living entities and their environments.
 OBJECTIVES Within the given period the Grade 11 students are expected to do the following
with at least 75% level of accuracy:
a. identify the sequence of events of the history of life on earth;
b. name the pieces of evidence on the evolution of life on earth; and
c. recognize the importance of knowing the history of life on earth.
VALUES Encourage respect for diverse viewpoints and historical contexts.
INTEGRATION Foster an understanding of the responsible application of scientific knowledge and
its implications for society.
Promote ethical thinking and responsible innovation.
RESOURCES Government of the Philippines, Department of Education. 2015. Grade 11
Learner’s Material. Manila.

LESSON PROPER
STAGES ACTIVITIES
Exploration Time Allotment: Day: Tuesday
(EXPLORE) Directions: Picture out a history of your life. Create a timeline that will reflect the events that
C. Presenting happened to you in the past.
examples/instan My Life in Timeline
ces of the new
lesson

Guide Questions:
1. What is a timeline?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2. Why is creating a timeline significant?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Explanation Time Allotment: 1 hour Day: Tuesday

(FIRM UP) Life science is a broad field that encompasses the study of living organisms and their
D. Discussing new interactions with each other and their environments. It integrates various disciplines to
concepts and understand the fundamental processes of life, ranging from molecular and cellular biology to
practicing new ecology and evolution. Here’s a brief overview of key concepts in life science:
skills 1. Biology: The Study of Life
Biology is the scientific study of life and living organisms, focusing on their structure,
function, growth, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
 Subfields: Includes genetics, molecular biology, microbiology, botany, zoology, and
more.
2. Cell Biology
The study of cells, their physiological properties, their division and death, and their
interactions with their environment.
Cell structure (organelles like the nucleus, mitochondria, and ribosomes), cell function, cell
cycle, and cellular communication.
3. Genetics
The study of genes, heredity, and variation in living organisms.
DNA structure and function, gene expression, genetic inheritance, and mutations.
4. Evolution-The process by which different kinds of living organisms have developed and
diversified from earlier forms during the history of the Earth.
Natural selection, adaptation, speciation, and the evolutionary tree of life.
5. Ecology-The study of interactions between organisms and their environment.
Ecosystems, food chains, biomes, ecological relationships (predation, competition,
symbiosis), and environmental conservation.
6. Physiology- The study of the functions and processes of living organisms and their parts.
Homeostasis, organ systems (like the cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems), and
metabolic processes.
7. Biochemistry- The study of chemical processes within and related to living organisms.
Enzymes, metabolism, biomolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates), and
biochemical pathways.
8. Microbiology- The study of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and
protozoa.
Microbial physiology, pathology, genetics, and the role of microbes in health, disease, and
the environment.
9. Developmental Biology- The study of the process by which organisms grow and develop.
Embryogenesis, differentiation, morphogenesis, and developmental disorders.
10. Biotechnology- The application of biological systems and organisms to develop or make
products, improve processes, or solve problems.
Genetic engineering, cloning, and biopharmaceuticals.
Applications of Life Science
 Medicine: Understanding diseases, developing treatments, and advancing health care.
 Agriculture: Improving crop yields, pest control, and sustainable farming practices.
 Environmental Science: Conservation, pollution control, and studying the impacts of
climate change.
Living things exhibit a set of characteristics that collectively define them. Here are the key
characteristics of living organisms:
1. Cellular Organization- All living things are made up of cells, which are the basic units of
life. Cells can be unicellular (single-celled organisms) or multicellular (organisms with many
cells).
 Example: Bacteria (unicellular) and humans (multicellular).
2. Metabolism- Metabolism involves all the chemical processes that occur within an
organism to maintain life. This includes anabolism (building up molecules) and catabolism
(breaking down molecules for energy).
 Example: Cellular respiration in animals and photosynthesis in plants.
3. Homeostasis- is the ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment
despite external changes.
 Example: Regulation of body temperature in humans and maintaining pH balance in
cells.
4. Growth and Development-Living organisms undergo growth (increase in size) and
development (progressive changes in form and function).
Example: A seed growing into a mature plant and a caterpillar developing into a butterfly.
5. Reproduction- is the process by which organisms produce new individuals, ensuring the
continuation of their species.
 Example: Asexual reproduction (binary fission in bacteria) and sexual reproduction
(fertilization in animals and plants).
6. Response to Stimuli- Living organisms respond to environmental stimuli, which can be
physical, chemical, or biological changes.
 Example: Plants bending towards light (phototropism) and animals moving away
from danger.
7. Adaptation and Evolution- is the process by which organisms become better suited to
their environment through genetic changes over generations.
 Example: The development of antibiotic resistance in bacteria and the camouflage in
predators and prey.
8. Genetic Information- Life is characterized by the presence of genetic material (DNA or
RNA) that carries the information necessary for an organism’s growth, development, and
reproduction.
 Example: The genetic code in the DNA of all organisms and the transmission of
traits from parents to offspring.
9. Interaction with Environment- Organisms interact with their environment in various
ways, including obtaining nutrients, expelling waste, and engaging in ecological
relationships.
 Example: Photosynthesis in plants, predation, and nutrient cycling in ecosystems.
10. Emergent Properties- are complex characteristics that arise from the interactions of
simpler components.
 Example: Consciousness arising from neural activity in the brain and ecosystem
dynamics from species interactions.
The historical development of the concept of life has been a fascinating journey from ancient
philosophical ideas to modern scientific understanding. Here’s a timeline of key
developments:
Ancient and Medieval Perspectives
The universe is about 4.6 billion years old. Life on earth, probably began only between 3.5
and 4.0 billion years ago. Evidences from fossil records show the emergence of the different
life forms. The common ancestor of all life was prokaryotic. Since, oxygen was scarce on the
early Earth, so the ancestral cell must also have been an anaerobic. There are some
challenges encountered in searching for the evidence of early life. Cells are microscopic and
most have no parts to fossilize. The tectonic plate movements have destroyed nearly all rocks
older than about 4 billion years, and most of the younger rocks have been heated or
undergone processes that destroy the traces of biological material. At present, the oldest cell
microfossils (microscopic fossils) are filaments from 3.5 billion-year-old rocks in Western
Australia. The filaments resemble chains of modern photosynthetic bacteria and the rocks in
which they occur are the remains of ancient stromatolites. The researchers look for
biomarkers specific to eukaryotes. It is a substance that occurs only or predominantly in cells
of a specific type. Eukaryotes are organisms having true nucleus. The DNA is enclosed
within the nucleus whereas DNA of most prokaryotes lies enclosed in the cell’s cytoplasm.
The first eukaryotes were protists. For life to evolve from simple single-celled organisms to
many millions of species of prokaryotic species to simple eukaryotic species to all the
protists, fungi, plants, and animals, took some time. The first life forms were very basic and
this then allowed for the evolution of more complex life forms. Eukaryotic cells evolved
from prokaryotic cells. The evolution of life is brought about the changes in the environment
which are linked to changes in climate and geology. These Earth’s environmental changes
made the Earth’s environment more suitable for a wider variety of life forms.
1. Ancient Egypt and Greece:
o Vitalism: Early Greek philosophers like Aristotle believed in a “vital force”
that differentiated living beings from non-living matter. Aristotle’s concept of
the “soul” as the principle of life was foundational.
o Hippocrates: Hippocrates and later Galen introduced ideas about bodily
fluids and humors as fundamental to life and health.
2. Medieval Period:
o Scholasticism: Medieval scholars, influenced by Aristotle, continued to
explore the nature of life in theological and philosophical terms. The idea of a
divine “animating principle” persisted.
Renaissance and Early Modern Science
3. 16th-17th Centuries:
o Spontaneous Generation: The belief in spontaneous generation (the idea that
life could arise from non-living matter) was widely accepted until experiments
by scientists like Francesco Redi challenged it. Redi’s experiments with meat
and maggots demonstrated that life did not spontaneously arise but came from
eggs laid by flies.
4. 17th-18th Centuries:
o Cell Theory: Early microscopists like Antonie van Leeuwenhoek and Robert
Hooke developed the microscope and observed cells for the first time. This
laid the groundwork for cell theory, which would later be formalized in the
19th century.
19th Century Advances
5. Cell Theory:
o Schleiden and Schwann: Matthias Schleiden and Theodor Schwann proposed
that all living organisms are composed of cells, and Rudolf Virchow added
that all cells arise from pre-existing cells. This theory was crucial in
understanding that life is a cellular phenomenon.
6. Biogenesis and the Germ Theory:
o Louis Pasteur: Pasteur’s experiments in the mid-19th century refuted
spontaneous generation and established that microorganisms are responsible
for fermentation and disease, laying the foundation for the germ theory of
disease.
20th Century Breakthroughs
7. Genetics and Molecular Biology:
o DNA Structure: The discovery of the double helix structure of DNA by
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953 revealed how genetic information is
stored and transmitted. This was a major advancement in understanding the
molecular basis of life.
8. Origin of Life:
o Miller-Urey Experiment: In 1953, Stanley Miller and Harold Urey simulated
early Earth conditions and demonstrated that organic compounds essential for
life could form from simple inorganic molecules. This supported the
 abiogenesis hypothesis.
Contemporary Views
9. Astrobiology and Extremophiles:
o Search for Extraterrestrial Life: The discovery of extremophiles (organisms
that thrive in extreme environments) expanded the definition of life and fueled
the search for life on other planets. Missions to Mars and moons like Europa
and Enceladus explore these possibilities.
10. Synthetic and Artificial Life:
o Synthetic Biology: Scientists are creating new forms of life by synthesizing
DNA and engineering biological systems. The creation of synthetic cells and
organisms pushes the boundaries of what we define as life.
o Artificial Life: Advances in artificial intelligence and computer simulations
of life processes raise questions about the nature of life and consciousness.
Ongoing Debates and Future Directions
11. Consciousness and Sentience:
o Philosophical Questions: As AI and robotics advance, debates about
consciousness, sentience, and the potential for non-biological life forms
continue. These discussions challenge traditional definitions of life and
explore the nature of awareness and experience.

Exposition Time Allotment: Day: Thursday

(DEEPEN) Life science explores living organisms and their interactions with their environment,
E. Making encompassing fields like biology, genetics, and ecology. It studies the structure and function
generalizations of cells, genetic information, evolution, and ecological relationships. Key characteristics of
and abstractions
life include cellular organization, metabolism, homeostasis, growth, reproduction, response
about the lesson
to stimuli, and adaptation. Historical developments range from ancient vitalism to modern
breakthroughs in cell theory and DNA structure. Contemporary views include the search for
extraterrestrial life and advancements in synthetic biology. Ongoing debates address
consciousness, AI, and the nature of life.
Integration Time Allotment:
(TRANSFER) GRASP Model: Biological Organization Levels
F. Creating a Goal:
Realistic  Objective: To understand and explain the hierarchical levels of biological
Performance organization, from molecules to ecosystems, and to appreciate how these levels
Output interrelate to sustain life. Students will analyze each level's structure and function and
how they contribute to the overall organization of living systems.
Role:
 Role: Students will act as biological scientists or educators responsible for
researching, explaining, and presenting on different levels of biological organization.
They will need to communicate their findings effectively to illustrate the complexity
and interconnection of life.
Audience:
 Audience: The primary audience will include their peers, teachers, and potentially a
broader audience such as a community group or a panel of experts interested in
biology and life sciences.
Situation:
 Situation: Students are tasked with creating educational materials to help others
understand the various levels of biological organization, including cells, tissues,
organs, organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. They will present how
these levels interact and support life.
Product:
 Product: Students will create and present an educational resource such as a
multimedia presentation, interactive model, or detailed report that includes:
o Levels of Biological Organization: Detailed description of each level, from
molecules and cells to ecosystems.
o Interrelationships: Explanation of how different levels are interconnected
and how changes at one level can affect others.
o Examples: Specific examples of organisms or systems at each level.
o Implications: Discussion on how understanding these levels is crucial for
studying biological processes and addressing ecological and medical issues.
Evaluation Time Allotment: 1 hour Day: Tuesday
(TRANSFER) 1. What is the primary focus of life science?
A) Study of non-living matter
B) Study of living organisms and their interactions
C) Study of physical processes in the universe
D) Study of chemical reactions in laboratories
Answer: B) Study of living organisms and their interactions
2. Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with living organisms?
A) Cellular organization B) Spontaneous generation
C) Metabolism D) Response to stimuli
Answer: B) Spontaneous generation
3. What major concept did Pasteur’s experiments in the 19th century help establish?
A) Cell theory B) Germ theory of disease C) Evolutionary theory D) Theory of relativity
Answer: B) Germ theory of disease
4. Which field of life science focuses on the study of microorganisms?
A) Genetics B) Biochemistry C) Microbiology D) Developmental Biology
Answer: C) Microbiology
5. What is the main function of DNA in living organisms?
A) Energy production B) Protein synthesis
C) Storage of genetic information D) Cellular respiration
Answer: C) Storage of genetic information
6. Which process involves the genetic changes that improve survival over
generations?
A) Homeostasis B) Adaptation and Evolution
C) Cellular Respiration D) Photosynthesis
Answer: B) Adaptation and Evolution
7. What is one of the contemporary views in life science related to the search for
extraterrestrial life?
A) Spontaneous generation B) Study of extremophiles
C) Development of cell theory D) Creation of synthetic cells
Answer: B) Study of extremophiles
8. Which characteristic of living organisms involves maintaining a stable internal
environment?
A) Growth B) Reproduction C) Homeostasis D) Response to stimuli
Answer: C) Homeostasis
9. In the 20th century, which discovery provided insights into the molecular basis of
life?
A) Theory of relativity B) Structure of DNA
C) Spontaneous generation D) Germ theory of disease
Answer: B) Structure of DNA
10. Which area of life science involves manipulating biological systems to solve
problems or create products?
A) Ecology B) Developmental Biology C) Biotechnology D) Physiology
Answer: C) Biotechnology

Criteria for 21-24 points: Excellent understanding, presentation, and creativity; exceeds expectations in
Evaluation all areas.
16-20 points: Good understanding and presentation with creative elements; meets most
expectations.
11-15 points: Satisfactory understanding and presentation; some creativity present but needs
improvement in several areas.
6-10 points: Needs significant improvement in understanding, presentation, and creativity.
Performance Time Allotment: Day: Monday
Output The students will present their output in front.
(TRANSFER)
Advance Study DESCRIBE CLASSIC EXPERIMENTS THAT MODEL CONDITIONS WHICH MAY HAVE ENABLED THE FIRST
FORMS TO EVOLVE