STATE TESTING CENTRE UNDER

VAZIRLAR MAHKAMASI THE CABINET OF MINISTERS

HUZURIDAGI OF THE REPUBLIC OF
DAVLAT TEST MARKAZI UZBEKISTAN

CHET TILLARNI BILISH VA EGALLASH DARAJASINI BAHOLASH MILLIY

TIZIMI
CHET TILLARI SERTIFIKATI
TIL: INGLIZ

NATIONAL SYSTEM
OF ASSESSMENT OF FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROFICIENCY
CERTIFICATE OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES
LANGUAGE: ENGLISH

LISTENING

FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS OF THE INVIGILATORS!

AT THE END OF THE PAPER, THE QUESTION PAPER WILL BE
COLLECTED BY THE INVIGILATOR.
NO MATERIALS CAN BE REMOVED FROM THE EXAMINATION ROOM.
DO NOT OPEN THE QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO!

Please write your full name here: Please sign here:

______________________________________ ________________
(Signature)
 LISTENING TEST
Part 1

You will hear some sentences. Choose the best reply to each sentence.

A
1 B

2 B

3 B

4 B

C
 A

5 B

6 B

7 B

8 B

C
 Part 2

Listen and complete the gap with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer

Win a ‘dream night’ at the theatre

Running times: from Monday, June 18th to Saturday 9______________

Prize:10______________pairs of tickets.

Bonus: chance to talk to 11______________in person.

Saturdays: three 12______________, at 2, 5 and 8pm.

Ticket prices: from £11.00 to £ 13______________

Bookings: by phone or 14______________

Part 3

You will hear five short extracts in which people are talking about their families. For
questions 15-19, choose from the list A-H what each speaker says about the different
family members. Use the letters only once. There are three extra letters which you do not
need to use.

A. she has a busy working life with little opportunity to go out much
15.Speaker 1____ B. she has worked hard to achieve her ambitions
16.Speaker 2____ C. her marriage was not as strong as it seemed
17.Speaker 3____ D. she now has the job that her parents had hoped for her
18.Speaker 4____ E. she does not judge me
19.Speaker 5____ F. she studied the same subject as the speaker
G. she has a successful and steady relationship with her partner
H. her work seems unsuited to her personality
 Part 4

You will hear someone giving talk. Label the place (A-E) on the map (20-24).

A
21

22
C

23 D

24 E
20
 Part5

You will hear Tim Cole talking about guidebooks. Choose the answer (A, B or C) which fits
best according to what you hear.

24. Once, when Tim used a guidebook in Australia,

A. he found the best budget hotel ever.
B. it took him ages to find the place he was looking for.
C. he ended up at an unexpected destination.
25. Tim believes the problem with guidebooks is that
A. some of them are very poorly researched.
B. many things have changed by the time you read the book.
C. they are only regularly updated.
26. The thing Tim particularly dislikes about guidebooks is
A. the recommendations about where to eat.
B. that they have too much information about nightlife.
C. the limited amount of information about history and culture.
27. Other things which should be included in guidebooks are
A. clear and detailed maps of the area.
B. as much information as possible about an area.
C. good pictures of well-known tourist sites.
28. What is Tim’s view on digital guidebooks?
A. They can be problematic when downloading.
B. He can’t find what he wants as easily as he can in a traditional guidebook.
C. He likes the fact that they’re tailored to your individual requirements.
29. What did Tim like about Twitter tourism?
A. It allowed him to meet more local people than tourists.
B. The advice from other travellers was extremely helpful.
C. He discovered some unusual things to do.
 Part 6

You will hear a representative from British Waterways called John Sampson talking about
a canal networking England. For questions 30-35, complete the sentences.

The Grand Union Canal

The canals were built despite the fact that there was no 30_______________ and very
little technology.
From 1790 to 1929, there were many canals that were 31_______________with each
other but which were not uniform in size.
The new union of canals provided a32_______________ between major industrial
cities.
There are plenty of 33_______________for a variety of wildlife on and around the
canals.
Walkers can go to the nearest waterway office to get information on
34_______________so they can start and end at the same place.
Anglers can fish in the canals and 35_______________
 READING TEST

Part 1

Read the text. Fill in each gap with ONE word. You must use a word which is somewhere
in the rest of the text.

POMPEII

The only active volcano on mainland Europe is Mount Vesuvius, situated on the west coast
of Italy, just east of Naples, and most well-known for its eruption in the year 79 A.D.
destroying the cities of Pompeii and Herculaneum. Mount Vesuvius has erupted about 50
times, but its most famous 1______________ took place in 79 A.D. when it destroyed the
city of Pompeii. It quickly buried the city in volcanic ash and preserved the life of this
Ancient Roman city. The people of Pompeii didn’t know that Mount Vesuvius was a
2______________ and in fact there wasn’t even a word for volcano in Latin as they were
not aware of their existence until 3______________ erupted. In the year 62 A.D. the city
experienced a huge earthquake and several minor quakes occurred for several years, but
when the volcano finally erupted on 24th August 79 A.D. the people of Pompeii didn’t know
what was happening and didn’t immediately evacuate the city. Pliny described it as looking
like “a pine tree, for it shot up to a great height in the form of a trunk, which extended itself
at the top into several branches.”.' At 1:00 in the afternoon, the sun was blocked as people
tried to clear the heavy ash from the rooftops. Less than 12 hours later, at midnight,
volcanic mud took over the town of Herculaneum and its citizens escaped to Pompeii.
However, just 6 hours later, Pompeii was covered in the debris and ashes. The victims died
almost instantly as the heated air burned their lungs and tightened their muscles. The dead
bodies remained in a semi-curled position quickly buried in 4______________ and
preserved for hundreds of years. Following the eruption, Pliny also had witnessed '...the sea
retreating as if pushed by the 5______________s.' The movement of the water was most
likely caused by a tsunami. About 2,000 people had died. The two cities were abandoned
for centuries. The ruins at Pompeii have provided archaeologists with valuable information
about everyday life in the ancient world. In 1748, Pompeii was discovered by a group of
explorers seeking 6______________ artifacts. They learned that the ashes from the volcano
preserved the city. Pompeii appeared the same as it did nearly 2,000 years earlier.
 Part 2

The people all want to attend a course. Read the descriptions of eight courses. Decide
which course would be the most suitable for each person. For Questions 9-13, select the
best course.

7. Alice wants a course to help her with her drawing skills, particularly with drawing the
latest styles of clothes, shoes and bags, because she wants to study this later at college.
8. Darius loves making comic books, but isn't confident about his drawing. He wants to
draw superheroes and animals and create adventures about them, but doesn't want to
display his work.
9. Cassie enjoys making pictures and objects from different materials. During the course
she'd like to use her love of sport in her designs, and visit an exhibition to get new ideas.
10.Marc is talented at drawing, but also likes filming his friends on an old digital camera. He
wants to develop this skill by learning to use more advanced equipment, and prepare for
further study.
11.Harry has done a course about printing on paper, and would like to learn how to print on
other materials. He also wants to produce something to take home and wear.
12.Kerim wants a film that uses traditional animation methods, such as simple drawings
rather than computers to create pictures. He particularly enjoys films about animals, and
with great songs sung by well-known singers.
13.Alice. her mum and small sister want a film they can all enjoy. Alice loves films where
she feels the main characters are like her, and that have soundtracks involving only
instruments, with no singing.
14.Lukas enjoys films that make him laugh, but that he can learn something from at the
same time. He's a keen reader, and he'd like a film of something he's probably already
read.

A. Wild Art
This course concentrates on teaching drawing and painting, and you'll use your new
skills to make a wall poster on the theme of animals, to take home. And we've got
lots of picture books from galleries around the world to give you ideas! There'll be an
exhibition of everyone's work at the end, too.
B. Colourscape
 Come and make a bag to keep your school games clothes in! We supply lots of
colourful wool and printed cotton - you choose the design and colour (like your
favourite football or hockey team colours!). There'll also be a trip to a gallery to help
you get creative in your designs.

C. Create!
This course is all about telling good stories in pictures. There'll be cartoon films to
watch, and instruction in how to draw your favourite characters - but your
imagination is much more important than your drawing skills here! The course
includes a visit to a cartoon museum.
D. Art Attack
You'll work on developing creative skills, like printing, photography. cartoons and
movie-making, using the latest technology. This course is great for anyone wanting to
take these subjects at college. Good drawing skills are helpful on this course, and
students' work will be put into a book, where suitable, for everyone to buy.
E. Art Matters
This course will concentrate on different drawing techniques, including using inks and
colour. We'll get you to draw live models wearing designer fashions and sportswear
— so if you like designing fashion and think your future is in this area, then this
course is for you!
F. Art Magic
This fun course shows you how to design and make fashion jewellery from natural
materials, and particularly how to use photography to help you get ideas for your
designs. So if you have your own camera, bring it along!
G. Arts Contr.
Ever wondered what your comic stories would look like on film? Here's your chance
to find out! Bring along your own comic drawings or prints - good-quality ones if
possible - and we'll transfer the action from your page onto the screen! Film show of
the best cartoons at the end!
H. Rainbow
Bring along a clean white T-shirt for this fun course! Using printing inks and paints,
we'll show you how to transfer a picture onto your T-shirt and create a special
artwork that you can put on for everyone to admire!
I. Imagining
While you're watching this beautiful film, you'll also be entertained by the wonderful
piano and violin music that accompanies it. It's a film for the whole family. including
young children, to sit down and see together. And everyone will find that they have
something in common with the people in the film.
J. Terry
The pop music in this film is great, as it features the voices of top performers. The
film follows a friendly tiger in the jungle, who becomes a hero to his friends. This film
first came out in the 70s, and the graphics in this beautiful film have changed very
little.
K. Rainbow
The whole family will sing along to the songs by well-known performers in this film.
Choose which of the characters is most like you — and who's your hero! From the
book by teenagers’ author Dylan Peters, it's been a favourite with audiences since it
came out years ago.
L. Constanz
This beautiful film. with simple graphics, is based on the well-known novel. which has
become very popular in school classrooms. Although it's full of comedy situations and
surprises from beginning to end, the film also has a serious message. and will leave
you with something to think about after you've watched it.
 Part 3

Read the text and choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings
below.

There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use all of them. You cannot use
any heading more than once.

List of headings
A. The hierarchy of the bee colony
B. The importance to farming worldwide
C. The origins of the name
D. The life cycle of an individual
E. Harvesting honey
F. Domesticating the bee
G. The distribution and habitat of bees
H. Usefulness in research
I. Protein and liquid consumption

21.Paragraph 1___
22.Paragraph 2___
23.Paragraph 3___
24.Paragraph 4___
25.Paragraph 5___
26.Paragraph 6___

THE HONEY BEE

1. The western honey bee or European honey bee (Apis mellifera) is the most common of
the 7-12 species of honey bee worldwide. The genus name Apis is Latin for "bee", and
mellifera is the Latin for "honey-bearing", referring to the species' production of honey
for the winter.
2. Human beings have been collecting honey from bees for thousands of years, with
evidence in the form of rock art found in France and Spain, dating to around 7000 BC.
The honey bee is one of the few invertebrate animals to have been domesticated.
 Humans collected wild honey in the Palaeolithic or Mesolithic periods, with evidence
from rock art from France and Spain around 8,000 years old. Bees were likely first
domesticated in ancient Egypt, where tomb paintings depict bee-keeping. Europeans
brought bees to North America in 1622.
3. Similar to all honey bees, the western honey bee is eusociol, creating colonies with a
single fertile female (or "queen"), many normally non-reproductive females or
"workers," and a small proportion of fertile males or "drones." Individual colonies can
house tens of thousands of bees. Colony activities are organised by complex
communication between individuals, through both pheromones and the dance
language.
4. Interestingly, the honey bee was one of the first domesticated insects, and it is the
primary species maintained by beekeepers to this day for both its honey production and
pollination activities. With human assistance, the western honey bee now occupies
every continent except Antarctica. Because of its wide cultivation, this species is the
single most important pollinator for agriculture globally.
5. The western honey bee can be found on every continent except Antarctica. The species
is believed to have originated in Africa or Asia, and spread naturally through Africa, the
Middle East and Europe. Humans are responsible for its considerable additional range,
introducing European subspecies into North America (early 1600s), South America,
Australia, New Zealand, and East Asia.
6. Western honey bees are an important model organism in scientific studies, particularly
in the fields of social evolution, learning, and memory. They are also used in studies of
pesticide toxicity to assess non-target impacts of commercial pesticides.

Part 4

Read the following text for questions 21-29

An Introduction to Film Sound

Though we might think of film as an essentially visual experience, we really cannot afford to
underestimate the importance of film sound. A meaningful sound track is often as
complicated as the image on the screen, and is ultimately just as much the responsibility of
the director. The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the
human voice, sound effects and music. These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so
as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects.
Topics which essentially refer to the three previously mentioned tracks are discussed
below. They include dialogue, synchronous and asynchronous sound effects, and music.

Let us start with dialogue. As is the case with stage drama, dialogue serves to tell the story
and expresses feelings and motivations of characters as well. Often with film
characterization the audience perceives little or no difference between the character and
the actor. Thus, for example, the actor Humphrey Bogart is the character Sam Spade; film
personality and life personality seem to merge. Perhaps this is because the very texture of a
performer's voice supplies an element of character.

When voice textures fit the performer's physiognomy and gestures, a whole and very
realistic persona emerges. The viewer sees not an actor working at his craft, but another
human being struggling with life. It is interesting to note that how dialogue is used and the
very amount of dialogue used varies widely among films. For example, in the highly
successful science-fiction film 2001, little dialogue was evident, and most of it was
banal and of little intrinsic interest. In this way the film-maker was able to portray what
Thomas Sobochack and Vivian Sobochack call, in An Introduction to Film, the 'inadequacy of
human responses when compared with the magnificent technology created by man and the
visual beauties of the universe'.

The comedy Bringing Up Baby, on the other hand, presents practically non-stop dialogue
delivered at breakneck speed. This use of dialogue underscores not only the dizzy quality of
the character played by Katherine Hepburn, but also the absurdity of the film itself and thus
its humor. The audience is bounced from gag to gag and conversation to
conversation; there is no time for audience reflection. The audience is caught up in a
whirlwind of activity in simply managing to follow the plot. This film presents pure
escapism - largely due to its frenetic dialogue.

Synchronous sound effects are those sounds which are synchronized or matched with what
is viewed. For example, if the film portrays a character playing the piano, the sounds of
the piano are projected. Synchronous sounds contribute to the realism of film and also help
to create a particular atmosphere.

For example, the 'click' of a door being opened may simply serve to convince the audience
that the image portrayed is real, and the audience may only subconsciously note the
expected sound.

However, if the 'click' of an opening door is part of an ominous action such as a burglary,
the sound mixer may call attention to the 'click' with an increase in volume; this helps to
engage the audience in a moment of suspense.
Asynchronous sound effects, on the other hand, are not matched with a visible source of
the sound on screen. Such sounds are included so as to provide an appropriate emotional
nuance, and they may also add to the realism of the film. For example, a film-maker might
opt to include the background sound of an ambulance's siren while the foreground sound
and image portrays an arguing couple. The asynchronous ambulance siren underscores the
psychic injury incurred in the argument; at the same time the noise of the siren adds to
the realism of the film by acknowledging the film's city setting.

We are probably all familiar with background music in films, which has become so
ubiquitous as to be noticeable in its absence. We are aware that it is used to add emotion
and rhythm. Usually not meant to be noticeable, it often provides a tone or an emotional
attitude toward the story and /or the characters depicted. In addition, background music
often foreshadows a change in mood. For example, dissonant music may be used in film to
indicate an approaching (but not yet visible) menace or disaster.

Background music may aid viewer understanding by linking scenes. For example, a
particular musical theme associated with an individual character or situation may be
repeated at various points in a film in order to remind the audience of salient motifs or
ideas.

Film sound comprises conventions and innovations. We have come to expect

an acceleration of music during car chases and creaky doors in horror films. Yet, it is
important to note as well that sound is often brilliantly conceived. The effects of sound are
often largely subtle and often are noted by only our subconscious minds. We need to foster
an awareness of film sound as well as film space so as to truly appreciate an art form that
sprang to life during the twentieth century - the modern film.

Questions 1-5

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D

1. In the first paragraph, the writer makes a point that

A. the director should plan the sound track at an early stage in filming.
B. it would be wrong to overlook the contribution of sound to the artistry of films.
C. the music industry can have a beneficial influence on sound in film.
D. it is important for those working on the sound in a film to have sole responsibility for
it.
2. One reason that the writer refers to Humphrey Bogart is to exemplify
A. the importance of the actor and the character appearing to have similar
personalities.
B. the audience’s wish that actors are visually appropriate for their roles.
C. the value of the actor having had similar feelings to the character.
D. the audience’s preference for dialogue to be as authentic as possible.

3. In the third paragraph, the writer suggests that

A. audiences are likely to be critical of film dialogue that does not reflect their own
experience.
B. film dialogue that appears to be dull may have a specific purpose.
C. filmmakers vary considerably in the skill with which they handle dialogue.
D. the most successful films are those with dialogue of a high Quality.

4. What does the writer suggest about Bringing Up

A. The plot suffers from the filmmaker’s wish to focus on humorous dialogue.
B. The dialogue helps to make it one of the best comedy films ever produced.
C. There is a mismatch between the speed of the dialogue and the speed of actions.
D. The nature of the dialogue emphasises key elements of the film.

5. The writer refers to the ‘click’ of a door to make the point that realistic sounds
A. are often used to give the audience a false impression of events in the film.
B. may be interpreted in different ways by different members of the audience.
C. may be modified in order to manipulate the audience’s response to the film.
D. tend to be more significant in films presenting realistic situations.

Questions 6-10

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?

6. Audiences are likely to be surprised if a film lacks background music.

A) True B) False C) Not Given
7. Background music may anticipate a development in a film.
A) True B) False C) Not Given
8. Background music has more effect on some people than on others.
A) True B) False C) Not Given
9. Background music may help the audience to make certain connections within the film.
A) True B) False C) Not Given

Part 5

Biology of Bitterness

To many people, grapefruit is palatable only when doused in sugar. Bitter Blockers like
adenosine monophosphate could change that.

There is a reason why grapefruit juice is served in little glasses: most people don’t want to
drink more than a few ounces at a time. aringin, a natural chemical compound found in
grapefruit, tastes bitter. Some people like that bitterness in small doses and believe it
enhances the general flavor, but others would rather avoid it altogether. So juice packagers
often select grapefruit with low naringin though the compound has antioxidant properties
that some nutritionists contend may help prevent cancer and arteriosclerosis.

It is possible, however, to get the goodness of grapefruit juice without the bitter taste. I
found that out by participating in a test conducted at the Linguagen Corporation, a
biotechnology company in Cranbury, New Jersey. Sets of two miniature white paper cups,
labeled 304and 305, were placed before five people seated around a conference table.
Each of us drank from one cup and then the other, cleansing our palates between tastes
with water and a soda cracker. Even the smallest sip of 304 had grapefruit ‘s unmistakable
bitter bite. But 305 was smoother; there was the sour taste of citrus but none of the
bitterness of naringin. This juice had been treated with adenosine monophosphate, or
AMP, a compound that blocks the bitterness in foods without making them less nutritious.

Taste research is a booming business these days, with scientists delving into all five basics-
sweet, bitter, sour, salty, and umami, the savory taste of protein. Bitterness is of special
interest to industry because of its untapped potential in food. There are thousands of bitter
-tasting compounds in nature. They defend plants by warning animals away and protect
animals by letting them know when a plant may be poisonous. But the system isn’t
foolproof. Grapefruit and cruciferous vegetable like Brussels sprouts and kale are nutritious
despite-and sometimes because of-their bitter-tasting components. Over time, many
people have learned to love them, at least in small doses. “Humans are the only species
that enjoys bitter taste,” says Charles Zuker, a neuroscientist at the University of California
School of Medicine at San Diego. “Every other species is averse to bitter because it means
bad news. But we have learned to enjoy it. We drink coffee, which is bitter, and quinine [in
tonic water] too. We enjoy having that spice in our lives.” Because bitterness can be
pleasing in small quantities but repellent when intense, bitter blockers like AMP could make
a whole range of foods, drinks, and medicines more palatable-and therefore more
profitable.

People have varying capacities for tasting bitterness, and the differences appear to be
genetic. About 75 percent of people are sensitive to the taste of the bitter compounds
phenylthiocarbamide and 6-n-propylthiouracil. and 25 percent are insensitive. Those who
are sensitive to phenylthiocarbamide seem to be less likely than others to eat cruciferous
vegetables, according to Stephen Wooding, a geneticist at the University of Utah. Some
people, known as supertasters, are especially sensitive to 6-n-propylthiouraci because they
have an unusually high number of taste buds. Supertasters tend to shun all kinds of bitter-
tasting things, including vegetable, coffee, and dark chocolate. Perhaps as a result, they
tend to be thin. They’re also less fond of alcoholic drinks, which are often slightly bitter.
Dewar’s scotch, for instance, tastes somewhat sweet to most people. ” But a supertaster
tastes no sweetness at all, only bitterness,” says Valerie Duffy, an associate professor of
dietetics at the University of Connecticut at Storrs.

In one recent study, Duffy found that supertasters consume alcoholic beverages, on
average, only two to three times a week, compared with five or six times for the average
nontasters. Each taste bud, which looks like an onion, consists of 50 to 100 elongated cells
running from the top of the bud to the bottom. At the top is a little clump of receptors that
capture the taste molecules, known as tastants, in food and drink. The receptors function
much like those for sight and smell. Once a bitter signal has been received, it is relayed via
proteins known as G proteins. The G protein involved in the perception of bitterness,
sweetness, and umami was identified in the early 1990s by Linguagen’s founder, Robert
Margolskee, at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York City. Known as gustducin, the
protein triggers a cascade of chemical reactions that lead to changes in ion concentrations
within the cell. Ultimately, this delivers a signal to the brain that
registers as bitter. “The signaling system is like a bucket brigade,” Margolskee says. “It goes
from the G protein to other proteins.”
In 2000 Zuker and others found some 30 different kinds of genes that code for bitter-taste
receptors. “We knew the number would have to be large because there is such a large
universe of bitter tastants,” Zuker says. Yet no matter which tastant enters the mouth or
which receptor it attaches to, bitter always tastes the same to us. The only variation derives
from its intensity and the ways in which it can be flavored by the sense of smell. “Taste cells
are like a light switch,” Zuker says. “They are either on or off.”

Once they figured put the taste mechanism, scientists began to think of ways to interfere
with it. They tried AMP, an organic compound found in breast milk and other substances,
which is created as cells break down food. Amp has no bitterness of its own, but when put
it in foods, Margolskee and his colleagues discovered, it attaches to bitter-taste receptors.
As effective as it is, AMP may not be able to dampen every type pf bitter taste, because it
probably doesn’t attach to all 30 bitter-taste receptors. So Linguagen has scaled up the hunt
for other bitter blockers with a technology called high-throughput screening. Researchers
start by coaxing cells in culture to activate bitter-taste receptors. Then candidate
substances, culled from chemical compound libraries, are dropped onto the receptors, and
scientists look for evidence of a reaction.

Tin time, some taste researchers believe, compounds like AMP will help make processed
foods less unhealthy. Consider, for example, that a single cup of Campbell’s chicken noodle
soup contains 850 milligrams of sodium chloride, or table salt-more than a third of the
recommended daily allowance. The salt masks the bitterness created by the high
temperatures used in the canning process, which cause sugars and amino acids to react.
Part of the salt could be replaced by another salt, potassium chloride, which tends to be
scarce in some people’s diets. Potassium chloride has a bitter aftertaste, but that could be
eliminated with a dose of AMP. Bitter blockers could also be used in place of cherry or
grape flavoring to take the harshness out of children’s cough syrup, and they could dampen
the bitterness of antihistamines, antibiotics, certain HIV drugs, and other medications.

A number of foodmakers have already begun to experiment with AMP in their products,
and other bitter blockers are being developed by rival firms such as Senomyx in La Jolla,
California. In a few years, perhaps, after food companies have taken the bitterness from
canned soup and TV dinners, they can set their sights on something more useful: a bitter
blocker in a bottle that any of us can sprinkle on our brussels sprouts or stir into our
grapefruit juice.
Question 30-33

Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using no more
than two words from the Reading Passage for each answer.

The reason why grapefruit tastes bitter is because a substance

called 30_____________ contained in it. However, bitterness plays a significant role for
plants. It gives a signal that certain plant is 31_____________. For human beings, different
person carries various genetic abilities of tasting bitterness. According to a scientist at the
University of Utah, 32_____________ have exceptionally plenty of 33_____________,
which allows them to perceive bitter compounds.

Questions 34-35

Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

34. What is the main feature of AMP according to this passage?

A. offset bitter flavour in food

B. only exist in 304 cup
C. tastes like citrus
D. chemical reaction when meets biscuit

35. What is the main function of G protein?

A. collecting taste molecule

B. identifying different flavors elements
C. resolving large molecules
D. transmitting bitter signals to the brain
 WRITING

TASK 1

You recently took a trip with a taxi company. The driver behaved in an unacceptable way
and you had a lot of problems. You complained to the company but no-one has replied to
your complaint.

Write a letter to the taxi company. In your letter

 say why you are writing and how you feel

 explain what happened
 tell them what you would like them to do.

Model answer

Dear Sir/Madam,

I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with the service I have received from your taxi
company both during my ride and in dealing with my subsequent complaint.

Last Thursday (3rd of March), I took one of your taxis to go to an important business
meeting in the city. Although the driver said he knew the address I wanted to go to, he took
me to the wrong address. This made me late for my appointment. When I complained
about his mistake, he became angry and shouted at me. I refused to pay the fare and he
then started to threaten me. I took down his information and left the taxi while he was
shouting, and I immediately wrote a letter of complaint to your company. However, I am
very disappointed to find that I haven't a letter of apology for the driver's behaviour. As a
representative of your company, he should behave in a courteous manner; particularly
because it was the driver who had made the mistake.

I would like to recommend that you train your staff to behave in a polite manner to
customers. I also expect an apology for your employee's behaviour towards me.

Yours sincerely,
Jimmy Perez

(203 words)
 TASK 2

In the past, most people used to travel to their place of work. With increased use of
computers, the internet and smart phones, more and more people are starting to work
from home.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of this development?

Model answer

The way in which we work has changed a great deal in recent years. Whilst some people
still travel to their place of work each day, others have the option to work from home. This
has all become possible since the birth of the internet and smartphones, which enable
workers to be in constant contact with their colleagues and clients all over the world.

There are both advantages and disadvantages to this new development. There are definite
advantages to people being allowed to work from home. The main advantage is that it gives
workers more flexibility in their working lives. This can be particularly useful for parents or
people who live far from their workplace. Working from home is also more comfortable -
you can take a break whenever you need. Another advantage is that you have the
possibility to work for companies in other countries through the use of the internet.
Therefore, people can apply for jobs globally as well as locally.

On the other hand, working from home can also have its disadvantages. Travelling to work
and working in an office with others can be a very sociable activity which many people
enjoy, especially if they live on their own. Without this social interaction many people might
feel very lonely. Furthermore, many people may lack sufficient discipline to complete the
work they need to do without colleagues around.

In conclusion, therefore, there are clearly advantages and disadvantages to working from
home. Perhaps the ideal arrangement would be to spend part of the working week in an
office with colleagues, and part of the working week at home, with a certain amount of
flexibility and comfort.

(277 words)