STD 7 chp4 Notes New

Std 7 chp4 Nutrition.
NOTES
Q1)Sparrow,- Omnivore
Frogs- Carnivore
Cockroach,- omnivore
Q2 discussed in class
3. Answer the following questions in your own words.

(a) Why do living organisms need Nutrition?
Ans) Need for nutrition
1. To supply the energy required for doing work.
2. Growth and development of the body.
3. To replace the damaged cells and repair tissues.
4. To fight diseases.
(b) Explain the process of production of food in plants.

Ans)1) With the help of sunlight and chlorophyll, plants make their food in
their leaves, using water and nutrients from the soil and carbon dioxide from
the air. This process is called Photosynthesis.
2)Plants convert light energy into chemical energy and store it in the form of
food(glucose).
3)Water, minerals and salts are absorbed by roots from the soil.
4)The stem transports them up to the leaves. The leaves have microscopic openings
called stomata through which they take in the CO2 from the air.
5)The chloroplasts present in the leaves contain chlorophyll,
which absorbs sunlight, helping to convert carbon dioxide and water into food.
6)Oxygen is given out in this process. Besides leaves, photosynthesis takes
place in some other parts like green stems, too, as they contain chlorophyll.
(c) What is meant by parasitic plants ?Name their different types with examples of
each.
Ans)1) The plants that grow on the body of other plants to obtain food are called
parasitic plants, for example, loranthus, cuscuta, etc.
2) Due to the absence of chlorophyll, the cuscuta is completely dependent on the
host plant. Hence, it is said to be a completely parasitic plant. Its has haustorial
(sucking) roots.
3) loranthus grows on trees. It peforms partially parasitic because it can perform
photosynthesis but is dependent on the host plant for materials required for
photosynthesis. Leaves perform photosynthesis but mineral and water are from the
host plant.
(d) Explain the various steps of nutrition in animals.(Textbook)
(e) Name some unicellular organisms in which all life-processes take

place within their unicellular body.
4. Give reasons.
(a) Insectivorous plants are attractively Coloured. (marked in the text book and
discussed in class.)
(b) Butterflies have a long tube-like

proboscis.
Ans)1) They have a special mouth part called a “proboscis”. The proboscis is a
long tube-like structure that unrolls when the butterfly eats.
2)It allows the butterfly to get deep into a flower where the nectar (a liquid sugary
food) is stored. The butterfly sucks up the nectar similar to how we use a straw.
6. Think and answer.

(a) We prepare a variety of foodstuffs and dishes at home. Are we then
autotrophic organisms ?
Ans)1) No, we are not autotrophic organisms! Autotrophic organisms, like plants,
can produce their own food through processes like photosynthesis. They use
sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create energy.
2) In contrast, humans and other animals are heterotrophic. This means we cannot
make our own food and need to consume plants or other animals for energy.
3) When we prepare food at home, we are using ingredients that come from
autotrophic organisms (like fruits, vegetables, and grains) or other animals, but we
don’t make our own food from scratch like plants do. So, while we can cook and
enjoy a variety of dishes, we still rely on other sources for our food.
(b) Which organisms are greater in number - autotrophs or heterotrophs ? Why ?

Ans) Autotrophs are generally greater in number than heterotrophs, especially if
we consider the total biomass and the variety of species.
1. Primary Producers: Autotrophs, like plants and algae, are primary

producers in ecosystems. They create their own food and form the base of
the food chain, supporting a wide range of heterotrophic organisms
(herbivores, carnivores, decomposers).
2. Diversity: There are many more species of plants, algae, and other
autotrophs than there are species of animals. For example, there are
thousands of species of plants that can photosynthesize.
3. Energy Efficiency: Autotrophs convert sunlight or inorganic compounds
into energy, which allows them to thrive in various environments, from
forests to oceans.
Overall, while there are many heterotrophic species, the sheer number of
autotrophs, particularly when considering all the different types of plants and
microorganisms, often surpasses them.
(c) The number of heterotrophs found in desert regions is smaller. However,

they are found in greater numbers in the sea. Why is this so?
1)Harsh Conditions in Deserts: Deserts have extreme temperatures, very little
water, and limited food sources. These tough conditions make it hard for many
animals and plants to survive, resulting in fewer heterotrophs.
2)Abundant Resources in the Sea: The ocean has a wide variety of food and a
stable environment. It’s filled with nutrients and supports many types of life, from
tiny plankton to large fish. This variety allows more heterotrophs to thrive.
3)Diversity of Habitats: The sea contains many different habitats, like coral reefs
and deep-sea areas, which provide different food sources and shelter for various
organisms. This diversity leads to greater numbers of heterotrophs compared to the
limited habitats found in deserts.
(d) What damage or harm do ectoparasitic and endoparasitic animals cause ?

Ans)1) Ectoparasites (Outside the Body): Ectoparasites, like fleas and ticks, live
on the outside of their host’s body. They can cause irritation, itching, and allergic
reactions. They may also transmit diseases, making the host sick.
2)Endoparasites (Inside the Body): Endoparasites, like tapeworms and
roundworms, live inside the host’s body. They can steal nutrients from the host,
leading to weight loss, weakness, and other health problems. This can make the
host more vulnerable to infections.
3)Impact on Hosts and Ecosystems: Both types of parasites can weaken their
hosts, reducing their ability to survive and reproduce. In larger ecosystems, high
levels of parasitism can disrupt food chains and affect the health of entire animal
populations.
(e) Why is plant food not produced in any other parts of the plant except
the green ones ?
Ans)1) Chlorophyll in Green Parts: Plants mainly produce food in their green
parts, like leaves, because they contain chlorophyll. This green pigment helps
capture sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis—the process where plants
make their own food using sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water.
2)Other Parts Depend on Leaves: While some other parts of the plant (like stems
and unripe fruit) can sometimes store or use food, they primarily rely on the food
made in the green leaves. Without the green parts, the plant wouldn't be able to
produce enough food to survive and grow.
***********The end *******

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Std 7 chp4 Nutrition.

3. Answer the following questions in your own words.

(b) Explain the process of production of food in plants.

(d) Explain the various steps of nutrition in animals.(Textbook)

(e) Name some unicellular organisms in which all life-processes take

(b) Butterflies have a long tube-like

6. Think and answer.

(b) Which organisms are greater in number - autotrophs or heterotrophs ? Why ?

1. Primary Producers: Autotrophs, like plants and algae, are primary

(c) The number of heterotrophs found in desert regions is smaller. However,

(d) What damage or harm do ectoparasitic and endoparasitic animals cause ?

*****The end *

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