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2019 Summer Model Answer Paper (Msbte Study Resources)

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
SUMMER -2019 EXAMINATION
Subject Name: AEN Model Answer Subject Code: 22308
Important instructions for examiner:
1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values
may vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgement on part of examiner of relevant answer
based on candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent
concept.

Q. Sub Answer Marking


No. Q. Scheme
N.

1 Attempt any FIVE of the following. 10

Define the terms: swept volume. 02


(a)

Answer
Swept Volume: The volume swept by the piston is moving from T.D.C. to B.D.C. It is expressed in
terms of cubic centimeter (cm3) and given by 02

𝑉S=A X L= (π/4) d2 x L
(b) Classify I.C. engine on the basis of cycle of operation and cylinder arrangement. 02

Answer: :
1) Cycle of operation:-
a) Otto cycle engine
01
b) Diesel cycle engine
c) Duel combustion cycle engine or semi- diesel cycle engine.
2) Arrangement of cylinder:-
a) Vertical engine
b) horizontal engine 01

c) Radial engine
d) V-engine

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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e) Opposed cylinder engine

c) List any four components of C.I. engine. 02

Answer: (Any 4 components ½ marks each)


Components of C.I. engine.
1. Engine Head 2. Crankshaft 3. Camshaft 4. Engine block
02
5. Fuel injector 6.Fuel Pump 7.Fuel Distributor 8. Cylinder liner
9. Piston
d) List all the components of petrol fuel supply system. 02

Answer: (Any 4 components :-½ marks each)

Components of Petrol fuel supply system: 02


1) Fuel Tank 2) Flexible fuel line 3) Fuel tank to fuel pump line
4) Fuel pump 5) Fuel filter 6) Carburetor or Injector
e) State four functions of exhaust system. 02

Answer: (Any 4 function :-½ marks each)


Functions of exhaust system:
1. The function of an exhaust manifold is to expel the exhaust gases from the combustion
chamber of each cylinder out to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe after combustion
stroke is completed. 2

2. To keep back pressure minimum.


3. Reduce noise of exhaust gases during expelling in atmosphere.
4. Reduce the pressure and velocity of exhaust gases.
5. Incorporate the catalytic convertor system in tail pipe
f) State the need of cooling system of I.C.engine. 02

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Answer:
Need of cooling system
The cooling system is needed to keep the engine from not getting so hot as to cause
problems and yet to permit it to run hot enough to ensure maximum efficiency of the engine.
During the process of converting the thermal energy to mechanical energy, high
temperatures are produced in the cylinders because of combustion process. A large portion of this
heat is transferred to the cylinder head and walls, piston and valves. Unless this excess heat is
02
carried away and these parts are adequately cooled, the engine will be damaged. So the adequate
cooling system must be provided to prevent the damage of mechanical parts as well as to obtain
maximum performance of the engine.

g) Define Indicated power 02

Answer:
Indicated power: (I.P.)
The power developed with in the engine cylinders is called indicated power. This is calculated
from the area of the engine indicator diagram. It is usually expressed in kilowatts (kW).
02
Indicated Power= nPLAN/60×1000 kW

Q2 Attempt any THREE of the following. 12

a) Write the specifications of I.C. engine used in a two wheeler four stroke vehicle. 04

Answer:

Engine specifications for two wheeler


1. Engine of Bajaj Discover 125 ST
- Air-cooled, 4-stroke 124.6 cc engine
- Maximum power of 12.8 Bhp at 9000 rpm
- Maximum torque of 11 Nm at 7000 rpm
OR
04
2. Honda Livo
a) BS-IV engine, Air cooled, 4 strokes S I engine.
b) Displacement -110 cc , power – 8.31 bhp ,
c) Max Torque – 9.09 N-m @5000 rpm.
d) Bore x Stroke – 50 x 55.6 mm
e) C R – 9.9 : 1, Max Speed – 86KMPH
Note- similar specification should be considered.

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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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b) Explain working of over head valve mechanism with neat sketch. 04

Answer: (Working 2 Marks, Sketch 2 Marks)

Overhead valve mechanism:


Figure shows the valve mechanism to operate the valve when it is in the cylinder head (in I and
F head design). This type of mechanism requires two additional moving parts the push rod and
rocker arm. As the cam rotates, it lifts the valve- tappet or the lifter which actuates the push rod.
The push rod rotates the rocker arm about a shaft- the rocker –arm shaft, or a ball joint in some
designs to cause one end to push down on the valve stem to open the valve, thus connecting the 02
valve port with the combustion chamber.

02

OR
Overhead valve mechanism :
Working: As the camshaft rotates, each off-center (eccentric) cam lobe pushes against a lifter
or tappet. The upward motion of the lifter transfers through the push rod to the rocker arm. This
upward motion changes to downward motion as the rocker arm pivots. The downward motion
opens the valve. As the camshaft continues to rotate, the lobe passes by the lifter and allows the
valve to close. A spring (attached to the valve) returns the valve to its seated position.

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Fig. Overhead valve mechanism

c) State the functions of nozzles. Classify nozzles used in diesel engine. 04

Answer: (Function 2 Marks, Classification 2 marks)

Functions of nozzle: (Any Two)


1) To atomize fuel by converting it in to fine droplets.
2
2) To convert pressure energy in to kinetic energy.
3) To inject the fuel at right quantity at right time with respect to load & speed of the engine.
Classification of Nozzles: (Any Four)
1) Single hole nozzle
2) Multi-hole nozzle 3) Long stem nozzle
2
4) Pintle nozzles
5) Pintuax nozzles
d) Distinguish between air cooling system and water cooling system. 04

Answer: (Any 4 points 1 mark each)


Sr. Air cooling System Water cooling system
No. 04
1 In this system cooling medium used In this system cooling medium used is
is Air Water
2 The engine design is simple The engine design is complex
3 The air cooled engine is less Engine performance becomes more
sensitive to climate condition. sensitive to climate conditions

4 Air cooling system has no It requires maintenance. slight leakage


Page 5 of 20
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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maintenance of radiator may result in engine
breakdown
5 The worm up performance is better The worm up performance is poor this
this results in low cylinder wear results in greater cylinder wear
6 Size of engine is small and weigh is Size and weight of engine is increased
less as there is no water jacket, to use of due radiator and water pump
radiator and water pump
7 Air cooled engine must be installed in Water cooled engine can be installed
front side. the vehicle anywhere on the vehicle
8 Volumetric efficiency is lower due to Volumetric efficiency is greater than air
high cylinder head temperature cooled engine.
9 Examples: Bikes, Scooters etc. Examples: Cars, Buses, Trucks etc.

3 Attempt any THREE of the following. 12

a) Describe working principle of four stroke diesel engine with the help of sketches. 04

Answer:

02

 Suction stroke: During this stroke, inlet valve is open and exhaust valve is closed. The
piston moves from TDC to BDC and crank shaft rotates through 180˚. The downward
movement of the piston sucks air-fuel mixture in the cylinder from the carburetor through
the open inlet valve.
 Compression Stroke: During compression stroke, the piston moves upward (from BDC to
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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TDC), thus compressing the charge. Both the inlet and exhaust valves remain closed during
the compression stroke.
 Power stroke or Working stroke: At the end of the compression stroke the charge (air-fuel
mixture) is ignited with the help of a spark plug located on the cylinder head. The high
02
pressure of the burnt gases forces the piston towards BDC. Both the valves are in closed
position. Of the four strokes only during this stroke power is produced.
 Exhaust Stroke: At the end of power stroke the exhaust valve opens and the inlet valve
remains closed. The piston move from BDC to TDC position which pushes the burnt gases
outside the combustion chamber. Crankshaft rotates by two complete revolutions through
720.
b) State the functions and materials of following engine components:
(i) Piston
(ii) Connecting rod 04
(iii)Crank shaft
(iv) Exhaust manifold
Answer: (1 mark for each component function)

Engine
Material Functions (any one)
components

Cat  To transmit the force of explosion to the crankshaft.


aluminum  To form seal so that the high pressure gases in
alloy combustion chamber do not escape into crankcase.
Piston  To serve as guide and bearing for small end of
connecting rod.
Steel  It converts the reciprocating motion of the piston into
alloy, rotary motion of crankshaft.
Connecting rod aluminum  It connects piston to the crankshaft.
alloy and
titanium
Cast iron  It converts the reciprocating motion of piston to rotating 04
or forged motion.
Crank shaft
steel  It transmits power to flywheel.
 It receives power from flywheel.
simple  The function of an exhaust manifold is to expel the
cast iron exhaust gases from the combustion chamber of each
Exhaust manifold or cylinder out to the atmosphere through the exhaust pipe
stainless after combustion stroke is completed.
steel  To keep back pressure minimum.

Page 7 of 20
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
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c) State the functions following ignition system components 04
(i) Ignition coil
(ii) Distributor
(iii)Condenser
(iv) Spark plug
Answer: (1 mark for each component)

Functions following ignition system components:


(i) Ignition coil: Ignition coil receives voltage from primary circuit and convert it to very high
voltage up to 28000 volts required for spark by means of primary and secondary winding.
04
(ii) Distributor: Distributor rotor rotates and supplies this high voltage current to proper stark
plug depending upon the engine firing order.
(iii)Condenser The Function of the condenser is to reduce arcing at the contact breaker points.
When the magnetic field is collapsing condenser gets fully charged and then it starts
discharging and helps in building up of voltage in secondary winding.
(iv) Spark plug: In S.I engine at the end of compression stroke Charge of air and petrol is
ignited by means of the spark produced by spark plug.
d) Draw a simple diagram of distributor rotor. Its direction, spark plug high voltage contact 04
for a 6 cylinder engine. Also label numbers as per firing order.
Answer:

04

(equivalent credit should be given only distributor)

Page 8 of 20
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OR

4 Attempt any THREE of the following. 12

a) List different applications of I.C.engines. 04

Answer: (1 Mark for each application)


Applications of I.C engine 04
1. In Automotive –
i. Two stroke engine – Mopeds, Scooters.
ii. Four stroke engine – Light vehicles, Heavy vehicles.
2. Marine Application – Ships, Boat.
3. Locomotive s – Railways.
4. Stationery engines – For lifting water, Generator, Material handling systems
b) Differentiate between dry liner and wet liner, 04

Answer: (Any 4 points 1 mark each)

Sr Dry liner Wet liner


No.
1 Dry liner is not in direct contact with of Wet liner is in direct contact with of
cooling water cooling water cooling water

2 It is difficult to replace It is easy to replace

3 No leak proof joint is A leak proof joint between cylinder


casting and liner has to be provided
Provided

4 The casting of cylinder block is The casting of cylinder block is


complicated simplified

5 Block is more robust Block is less robust

Page 9 of 20
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6 Very accurate machining of block and Very accurate machining of block and 2
outer liner surface is required outer liner surface is not required

7 A dry liner cannot be finished accurately A wet liner can be finished accurately
before fitting before fitting

(c) Select type of a muffler for a motorcycle engine with justification. 04

Answer:-

Type of a muffler for a motorcycle engine

1. Baffle type
2. Resonance type
3. Absorber type 04
 Multiple Baffle Silencers

In a multiple baffle silencer, the exhaust gas escapes through holes that are punched in the walls
of the silencer tube. This results in muffling the sound via pulse reflection. These are fairly
restrictive.
The purpose of these baffles is to close the direct passage of the exhaust gases, thus the gases travel
a longer path in the muffler.

 Resonance type

It consists of a number of Helmholtz resonators in series through which a pipe having access
port passes. Helmholtz is the name of a person who originated the idea of this type of muffler.
The exhaust gases flow through this pipe. The resonators eliminate the fundamental and higher
harmonics of the engine noise.
 Absorber type

It consists of a perforated tube, around which a sound absorbing material, like fiber glass or
steel wool, is placed. The exhaust gases pass through the perforated tube. The sound absorbing
material reduces the high pressure fluctuation of the exhaust gases thus reducing the noise
intensity.

Page 10 of 20
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
(d) Describe the construction and working of of thermostat valve used in cooling system. 04

Answer:- ( Sketch 1 Mark, Construction 1 mark, working 2 marks)


Bellows type thermostat valve
Construction:
It consists of metallic bellows filled with some volatile liquid like acetone, alcohol or ether 01
which boils between 75-850C. When after start the engine is warming up it is desired that
cooling system should not operate during this period thermostat valve remains closed as liquid
inside has not changed its state.

02

Figure: Bellows type Thermostat

Working: Bellows type Thermostat


As the coolant temperature reaches a predetermined value (about 800) the liquid inside the
thermostat is converted into vapour which exerts a pressure on the valve, which begins to open,
01
so that the water circulation though the radiator starts. The valve then opens gradually further as
the water temperature rises, until it is fully open bat about 950C -990C
OR
Wax type Thermostat Valve:
Construction:
It is made up of copper loaded wax having high coefficient of volumetric thermal expansion. A
cylinder or capsule is filled with wax and thrust pin is inserted in it. A flexible rubber sleeve,
which surrounds the pin is sealed at the top to prevent escape of the wax. As the wax melts and
expands, the thrust pin is forced out of the capsule so opening the valve.

Page 11 of 20
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Working:
As the coolant is heated it transmits its heat to the copper loaded wax having high coefficient of
volumetric thermal expansion (0.280 per 0C) which expands so that the rubber plug contracts
against the plunger and exerts a force on it upwards so that it moves vertically. This movement
of plunger opens a valve in the thermostat to allow coolant to flow through the radiator.
e) In a test on a 2 stroke single cylinder diesel engine, following observations
were made:
Bore=75mm.
Stroke = 90mm,
Engine speed = 1200rpm, 04

Mean effective pressure =7.5bar,


Mean brake diameter =1m,
Net brake load = 500N,
Calculate mechanical efficiency of engine
Answer:-
Given data :
No of stroke = 2
No of cylinders, n =1
Bore = D = 75mm = 0.075m, Stroke = L= 90mm = 0.09m, Speed = N= 1200rpm ..........Two
stroke
IMEP= P = 7.5 bar = 7.5x105 N/m2
Mean brake diameter =1m,
Net brake load = 500N,

Page 12 of 20
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Mechanical efficiency
1

5. Attempt any TWO of the following. 12

(a) Draw the neat sketch of overhead valve operating mechanism and explain its working. 06

Answer:

Overhead valve mechanism:


Figure shows the valve mechanism to operate the valve when it is in the cylinder head (in I and
3
F head design). This type of mechanism requires two additional moving parts the push rod and
rocker arm. As the cam rotates, it lifts the valve- tappet or the lifter which actuates the push rod.
The push rod rotates the rocker arm about a shaft- the rocker –arm shaft, or a ball joint in some
designs to cause one end to push down on the valve stem to open the valve, thus connecting the
valve port with the combustion chamber.

Page 13 of 20
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Fig. Overhead valve mechanism

OR
Overhead valve mechanism : 3
Working: As the camshaft rotates, each off-center (eccentric) cam lobe pushes against a lifter
or tappet. The upward motion of the lifter transfers through the push rod to the rocker arm. This
upward motion changes to downward motion as the rocker arm pivots. The downward motion
opens the valve. As the camshaft continues to rotate, the lobe passes by the lifter and allows the
valve to close. A spring (attached to the valve) returns the valve to its seated position.

Fig. Overhead valve mechanism

Page 14 of 20
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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(b) List any two major requirements of fuel injection system. Draw a layout of fuel injection 06
system used in diesel engine.

Answer:

Requirements of fuel injection system


1) Metering – The fuel injection system must measure the fuel supplied to the engine very
accurately as fuel requirements vary from low to high engine speeds.
2) Time- Fuel injection system must supply the fuel at the proper time according to engine
requirement
3) Pressure- The fuel injection system must pressurize the fuel to open the injection nozzle to 03
inject fuel into the combustion chamber.
4) Atomize- The fuel must be atomized when it is supplied to the combustion chamber since
atomized fuel will burn easily.
5) Distribution- In case of multi cylinder engine the distribution of metered fuel should be
same to all cylinders.
6) Control, start and stop injection- The injection fuel must start and end quickly.

03

OR

Page 15 of 20
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c) Draw a labeled sketch of pump feed fuel supply system for petrol engine and state location 06
and function of each component.

03

The pump feed system is shown in the figure above.


Fuel tank is for storage of fuel located above the engine of two wheeler and in case of car located at
backside of the car.In this system, a steel pipe carries the fuel to the fuel pump which pumps it into 03
the float chamber of the carburetor through a flexible pipe. If the fuel pump is mechanical, it has to
be driven from the engine camshaft and hence placed on the engine itself. However electrically
operated pump can be placed anywhere. Fuel pump pressurize fuel and send it to the floating
chamber of carburetor.
Carburetor is placed before the inlet manifold and it serves the function of mixing petrol and air as
per required ratio. It is mostly located at the rear in the fuel tank reducing the tendency of forming
vapor lock. The system provides the fuel requirement at various engine speeds efficiently.
6 Attempt any TWO of the following: 12

Page 16 of 20
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
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a) Explain the procedure of Morse Test” to be conducted for four cylinder petrol engine. 6

Answer:

Morse Test: Used for multi cylinder engines


Procedure:
1. The engine is run at the required speed and the torque is measured.
2. One cylinder is cut out by shorting the plug if an S.I. engine is under test.
3. The speed falls because of the lass of power with one cylinder cut out but is restored by
reducing the load.
4. The torque is measured again when the speed has reached its original value.
6
5. If the value of I.P. measured simultaneously for each cylinder
In this method the BP of whole engine is first of all measured at a certain speed and load with
the help of dynamometer. Then from total number of cylinders of the engine one of the
cylinders is cut out by short circuiting the spark plug. The output is measured by keeping the
speed constant. The difference in the outputs is measure of the indicated power of disconnecting
cylinders. Thus for each cylinder the IP is obtained and then is added together to find the total
IP of the engine.
Where BP= Brake power
IP= Indicated power
FP = Frictional power
Let F.P. of cylinder 1,2,3,4 be F1, F2, F3, F4 respectively.
Then total FP of engine = F1+F2+F3+F4
Let IP of cylinder 1 2 3 and 4 be I1, I2 I3& I4 respectively.
The total IP of engine is given by,
IP= I1 +,I2+ I3 + I4
The total BP of engine when all cylinders are working
BP= Total IP – Total FP
B = (I1 +,I2+ I3 + I4)–(F1+F2+F3+F4)----------1
When cylinder 1 is cut off, the BP developed by the remaining three cylinders,
B1= (0+,I2+ I3 + I4)–(F1+F2+F3+F4)------------2
Subtracting (2) from (1) we get
B- B1 = I1
Therefore, IP of cylinder 1, I1 = B-B1
Similarly ,
IP of cylinder 2, I2 = B-B2
IP of cylinder 3, I3= B-B3
Page 17 of 20
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IP of cylinder 4, I4 = B-B4
Total IP of Engine = I1+I2+I3+I4
Friction Power F.P. = I.P – B.P
b) Classify lubricating oil using viscosity (SAE) and load severity (API) rating. 6

Answer:

1. On the basis of Viscosity :


i. Lubricating Oils Classify in terms of Viscosity at -18 0C or in cold climates.
a) SAE 5W 03
b) SAE 10W
c) SAE 20 W
ii. Lubricating Oils Classify in terms of Viscosity at 99 0C or in hot climates.
a. SAE 20
b. SAE 30
c. SAE 40
d. SAE 50
e. Multi grade oils shown as SAE 20 W/50

2. On the basis of Service Rating :


i. C- series
03
a) CA: Use in gasoline and naturally aspirated diesel engine operated on low sulphur fuel.
b) CB: Use in gasoline, naturally aspirated diesel engine operated on high sulphur fuel.
c) CC: Use for lightly supercharge diesel engine.
d) CD: Use in highly turbocharger diesel engine.
ii. S- series
a. SA : Mineral oil , may contain anti-formant and poor point depressant
b. SB : Mineral oil , containing additive impart sum oxidation stability & anti- scuff
c. protection
d. SC, SD & SE: Meets automotive manufactures specifications.
c) In a trail on a four cylinder engine 100mm bore, 150mm stroke and working on a four
stroke cycle. The following observations were made:
Speed=2500rpm
Net Dynamometer load of 50 mm radius = 200N
Mechanical efficiency = 80%
Petrol consumption = 752g/minute 6
Cooling water circulated = 200g/minute
Temperature difference of cooling water =50 C
Calorific value of petrol =46,000 KJ/kg
(i) Calculate Indicated power and indicated mean effective pressure.
(ii) Draw heat balance sheet for the test in KJ/kg

Page 18 of 20
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Answer:

01

01

01

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03

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