Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    - - المختبر الاول -

    Uploaded by

    aliabumrfgh

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    - - المختبر الاول -

    Uploaded by

    aliabumrfgh
    3 views3 pages

    Original Title

    __المختبر الاول_

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views3 pages

    - - المختبر الاول -

    Uploaded by

    aliabumrfgh

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 3

    is the largest phylum of the animal kingdom.

    The
    word comes from Greek arthron (≡ joint) and podos or pous (≡ foot) i.e.
    “animals with jointed legs”, comprising over 1,000,000 terrestrial and
    aquatic species,( more than 85% of all known animals). They are one of the
    chief divisions of animal kingdom both as regards to diversity of
    organization and the number of genera and species. They are adapted to
    different types of environmental conditions.

    They also are essential predators, prey, pollinators, and they


    provide useful items for human us as well ( medicine, dyes, silk, honey,
    wax, etc…)

    On the negative side, many arthropods, especially insects, are harmful to


    plants and destroy crops and forests. Still others are pests of animals by
    serving as vectors of disease: malaria, yellow fever, bubonic plague, and
    elephantiasis are all transmitted to humans by biting insect vectors such as
    mosquitoes, fleas, and flies and they play the role as a passive carrier of
    pathogens.
    Arthropod Characteristics
    1) All arthropods possess a hard outer covering or jointed exoskeleton
    (Chitinized exoskeleton) made of chitin secreted by the epidermis.
    2) Jointed appendages ) Jointed legs(
    3) Body segments .
    4) Hemocele : the body cavity serves as blood cavity simultaneously.
    5) They have a complete digestive system with digestive glands to aid
    in breaking down of nutrients.

    Classification :
    Phylum Arthopoda contains the following Classes :
    1. Insecta , Hexapoda (insects).
    2. Arachnida (spiders, mites, ticks, scorpions, etc)
    3. Chilopoda (centipedes ) e.g. scolopendra
    4. Diplopoda (milipedes)
    5. Crustacea (crabs, shrimp, lobsters, water fleas, etc)

    1
    )
    The name Hexapoda denotes the presence of six legs (three pairs) in these
    animals as differentiated from the number of pairs present in other
    arthropods. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum.
    Hexapods are characterized by the presence of a head, thorax, and abdomen,
    constituting three tagma.

    Typically, the head bears one pair of sensory antennae, external mouthparts,
    a pair of compound eyes, and some ocelli (simple eyes) along with
    numerous sensory hairs.

    The thorax bears three pairs of legs (one pair per segment) and two pairs of
    wings, with one pair each on the second and third thoracic segments. The
    abdomen usually has eleven segments and bears reproductive apertures.
    Hexapoda includes insects that are winged (like fruit flies) and wingless
    (like fleas).

    2
    Insect Life Cycle

    The insect life cycle is the series of unique developmental stages that an
    insect undergoes throughout their lives. Development takes place in the form
    of metamorphosis :-

    (1) Complete Metamorphosis (Holometabolous) : these have larvae that are


    distinctly different from the adult form.They undergo egg to larvae, to pupae
    , to adult. ex: Butterflies , Flies and Bees

    (2) Incomplete Metamorphosis (Hemimetabolous) : these forms the younger


    forms (nymph) closely resemble the adult form except for size, ex:
    dragonflies and Stone flies .

    Circulation / Respiration / Nervous system


    (1) Insects have an open circulatory system .
    (2) They do not however have any lungs or gills.
    (3) Insects breathe air through a system of paired openings along their sides,
    connected to small tubes that take air directly to the tissues.
    (4)The insect nervous system consists of a brain and a ventral nerve cord.

    Classification
    The twenty six orders of insects are divided initially into two subclasses:
    1- The more primitive wingless insects are assigned to the Subclass
    Apytergota (3 orders).
    2- The winged insects to the Subclass Pterygota(23 orders) .
    3

    You might also like