Final 2003

Quantum Physics (II): Final June1 17, 2003
Useful Information: total grade = 110

j(j + 1) + s(s + 1) − l(l + 1)
Lande g f actor = 1 +
2j(j + 1)
2
e 1
α= = , e = 4.8 × 10−10 (e.s.u)
h̄c 137
Problem 1 In the simplest description of the hydrogen atom, the Hamiltonian for the electron (or the reduced
mass) is H = p2 /2me − e2 /r. It is known that this Hamiltonian is not accurate enough. The energy spectrum
of the hydrogen atom has more structures. (a)6% Write down two possible corrections to the Hamiltonian that
causes the finestructure of the spectrum. Estimate the order of magnitude of the energy splitting (in comparison
to me c2 ) due to these corrections. (b)8% Sketch the energy levels that include the finestructure for n ≤ 3.
Indicate each level by the spectroscopic notations and indicate number of degenerate states in each energy level.
Problem 2 Consider the hydrogen atoms in magnetic fields. (a) In the Paschen-Bark effect for l = 2 to l = 1,
write out states involved in terms of appropriate quantum numbers and express the energy deviations due to the
magnetic field by using the unit ε ≡ µb B with B being the magnitude of the magnetic field (4%). Plot a diagram
showing possible transitions and thus find number of lines(4%). (b) Suppose that the magnetic field is weak,
plot a diagram showing possible transitions from l = 1 to l = 0 (4%). (Labelling states by the spectroscopic
notations.). Again, express the energy deviations due to the magnetic field by using the unit ε ≡ µb B with B
being the magnitude of the magnetic field (4%) and find number of lines in spectrum and the corresponding
photon energies (4%).
Problem 3 (a) 5% Explain briefly.what the hyperfine structure is and its corresponding order of magnitude.
(b)3% Explain briefly what the 21 centimeter line is.
Problem 4 (a)6% Write out the electronic configurations for the following atoms in the ground state N
(Z = 7), Cr (Z = 24), and K(Z = 19) treating electrons as independent particles. (b)6% Following (a), use the
Hund’s rules to find the spectroscopic description of the ground states of N (Z = 7) and N i (Z = 28). (c)6%
Consider the carbon atom (Z = 6) in the ground state. Find the electronic configurations, treating electrons as
independent particles. How many possible states in the spectroscopic description are consistent with the above
electronic configuration? Write out these states in the spectroscopic description. Which one has lowest energy
according to the Hund’s rules?
Problem 5 (a)2%It is known that the deuteron’s total spin is one and its state is primarily 3 S1 , what admixture
is allowed given that parity is conserved? (b)7% Suppose that the g-factors for the proton and neutron are
gP = 2(2.7896) and gN = 2(−1.9103) and that neutron and proton have the same mass M . In the presence of an
external magnetic field B, find the Hamiltonian that account for the Zeeman effect. If we further treat neutron
and proton as a combined system -the deuteron, we then should be able to write the Hamiltonian as −µef f · B.
Find the effective magnetic moment of the deuteron by assuming that the admixture in (a) is negligible.
Problem 6 Consider the situation which arises when a negative muon is captured by an aluminum atom (atomic
number Z = 13). After the muon gets inside the electron cloud, it forms a hydrogen-like muonic atom with the
aluminum necleus. The mass of the muon is 105.7MeV. Assume that the muon has settled down and is in
a stable orbit, answer the follow questions (a)5% Estimate the wavelength (in cm) of the photon emitted
when this muonic atom decays from the 3d state. (b)5% Estimate the mean life of the above muonic atom in
the 3d state, taking into account the fact that the mean life of a hydrogen atom in the 3d state is 1.6 × 10−8 sec.
1
Problem 7 (a) 4% The potential energies of nuclei in a diatomic molecule for two different electronic configu-
rations are shown in Fig.1. Explain briefly which one has larger seperations between rotational energy levels, and
which one has larger separations between low lying vibrational states.
(b)4%In the above figure, mark vibrational and rotational levels schematically (Plot the diagram in your answer-
ing book). Indicate the order of magnitude of level spacing in terms of eV . (b)6% Transitions from rotational
levels of one vibrational state to the rotational levels of another vibrational state with no change in the eletronic
state produces the so-called vibration-rotation spectrum. Consider the vibration-rotation spectrum from n = 1
to n = 0. Neglecting the mixing of the rotational and the vibrational motions. Plot a diagram showing allowed
emission spectrum pattern, indicating the distance between the spectral lines and show that there is actually no
transition line corresponding to the vbirational energy h̄ω, where ω is the vibrational frequency. (c)7% Consider
the effect due to the coupling between the rotational and the vibrational motion for nuclei, in the approximation
for the potential
1 l(l + 1)h̄2
V (R) = mω 2 (R − R0 )2 + ,
2 2mR2
where R is the distance between two nuclei and l is the orbital angular momentum quantum number. By finding
the minimum of V (R), show that after taking the coupling into consideration, the rotational energy now takes
the following form: El = Al(l + 1) + B[l(l + 1)]2 + · · ·. Find A and B.
Problem 8 A rigid rotator with electric dipole moment p is confined to rotate in a plane. The rotator has
moment of inertia I for rotating about its center. A weak uniform electric field E is applied in the rotation
plane. (a)4% Before applying the electric field, find the energy spectrum. What are the three states with lowest
energies? (b)5% By considering only these three states, find the energies after the application of the electric
field. (c)6%Suppose that a time dependent electric field E is applied from t = −∞ to t = 0. At t = −∞, the
rotator is in the ground state, find the probability of the rotator in the 1st excited state at t = 0 to 1st order in
E.

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Quantum Physics (II): Final June1 17, 2003

Useful Information: total grade = 110

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