JIMS Engineering Management Technical

Campus
48/4, Knowledge Park , Greater Noida,
Knowledge park III, Noida, Uttar Pradesh
201303 (Affiliated to guru Gobind Singh
Indraprastha University And Approved Under
section 2(f) of UGC Act 1956)
Acrcredited By National Assesment And
Accreditation Council (NAAC)

Business Research Lab File

213
Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of
Bachelor of Business Administration (2021-
2024)

BBA III
Semester
Batch 2022-
2025
Submitted to: Submitted by:
Ms. Megha Laroia Name: Anshaj Singh
Assistant Professor Enrollment No:
05925501722
 INDEX:-
S.NO. Topic Page No.

1 INTRODUCTION TO MS EXCEL

Basisc Information 3
1.1
1.2 Basic Information of Ribbon 4

1.3 Create New Spreadsheet 4

1.4 Managing The Spreadsheet 6

1.5 Benefits of MS EXCEL 12

2 EXCEL FORMULA

2.1 SUM 13

2.2 PERCENTAGE 14

2.3 AVERAGE 16

2.4 MEAN 18

2.5 MEDIAN 19

2.6 MODE 21

2.7 CORRELATION 23

2.8 SUM IF 25

2.9 MAX 27

2.10 MIN 30

2.11 COUNT IF FUNCTION 32

2.12 AND FUNCTION 38

1
 2.13 OR FUNCTION 38

3 PIVOT TABLE

3.1 Creation Of PIVOT TABLE(Columns, 43

Rows, Values, Filtering)

3.2 Fields & Layouts 47

4 LOOK-UP

4.1 VLOOKUP 49

5 QUESTIONAIRE

5.1 Advantages Of Good Questionnaire 52

5.2 Characteristics of questionnaire 52

5.3 Sample Questionnaire 53

5.4 Creating of Goggle Form 61

6 INTRODUCTION TO SPSS

6.1 What is SPSS? 64

6.2 What are the Core Features of SPSS? 64

6.3 Types Of SPSS 65

6.4 Industry Use Cases 65

6.5 Advantages Of SPSS 66

6.6 Limitations Of SPSS 66

6.7 CONCLUSION 67

2
 INTRODUCTION TO EXCEL

MS-EXCEL is a part of Microsoft Office suite software. It is an electronic

spreadsheet with numerous rows and columns, used for organizing
data, graphically represent data(s), and performing different
calculations. It consists of 1048576 rows and 16384 columns, a row and
column together make a cell. Each cell has an address defined by
column name and row number example A1, D2, etc. this is also known
as a cell reference.
Cell references: The address or name of a cell or a range of cells is
known as Cell reference. It helps the software to identify the cell from
where the data/value is to be used in the formula. We can reference
the cell of other worksheets and also of other programs.
 Referencing the cell of other worksheets is known as External
referencing.
 Referencing the cell of other programs is known as Remote
referencing. There are three types of cell references in Excel:
1. Relative reference.
2. Absolute reference.
3. Mixed reference.

The Ribbon in MS-Excel is the topmost row of tabs that provide the user
with different facilities/functionalities. These tabs are:
3
 1. Home Tab: It provides the basic facilities like changing the font,
size of text, editing the cells in the spreadsheet, autosum, etc.
2. Insert Tab: It provides the facilities like inserting tables, pivot
tables, images, clip art, charts, links, etc.
3. Page layout: It provides all the facilities related to the
spreadsheet-like margins, orientation, height, width,
background etc. The worksheet appearance will be the same in
the hard copy as well.
4. Formulas: It is a package of different in-built formulas/functions
which can be used by user just by selecting the cell or range of
cells for values.
5. Data: The Data Tab helps to perform different operations on a
vast set of data like analysis through what-if analysis tools and
many other data analysis tools, removing duplicate data,
transpose the row and column, etc. It also helps to access
data(s) from different sources as well, such as from Ms-Access,
from web, etc.
6. Review: This tab provides the facility of thesaurus, checking
spellings, translating the text, and helps to protect and share
the worksheet and workbook.
7. View: It contains the commands to manage the view of the
workbook, show/hide ruler, gridlines, etc, freezing panes, and
adding macros.
Creating a new spreadsheet:
In Excel 3 sheets are already opened by default, now to add a new sheet :
 In the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find a button.
 Click on that button to add a new sheet.

4
 We can also achieve the same by Right-clicking on the sheet
number before which you want to insert the sheet.
 Click on Insert.

 Select Worksheet.
 Click OK.

5
Opening previous spreadsheet:
On the lowermost pane in Excel, you can find the name of the current
sheet you have opened.
On the left side of this sheet, the name of previous sheets are also
available like Sheet 2, Sheet 3 will be available at the left of sheet4,
click on the number/name of the sheet you want to open and the sheet
will open in the same workbook.
For example, we are on Sheet 4, and we want to open Sheet 2 then
simply just click on Sheet2 to open it.

Managing the spreadsheets:

You can easily manage the spreadsheets in Excel simply by :
6
 Simply navigating between the sheets.

 Right-clicking on the sheet name or number on the pane.

 Choose among the various options available like, move, copy,
rename, add, delete etc.
 You can move/copy your sheet to other workbooks as well just
by selecting the workbook in the To workbook and the sheet
before you want to insert the sheet in Before sheet.

7
To save the workbook:
1. Click on the Office Button or the File tab.
2. Click on Save As option.
3. Write the desired name of your file.
4. Click OK.
To share your workbook:
1. Click on the Review tab on the Ribbon.
2. Click on the share workbook (under Changes group).
3. If you want to protect your workbook and then make it
available for another user then click on Protect and Share
Workbook option.
4. Now check the option “Allow changes by more than one user at the
same time. This also allows workbook merging” in the Share
Workbook dialog box.
5. Many other options are also available in the Advanced like
track, update changes.
6. Click OK.

8
Ms-Excel shortcuts:
1. Ctrl+N: To open a new workbook.
2. Ctrl+O: To open a saved workbook.
3. Ctrl+S: To save a workbook.
4. Ctrl+C: To copy the selected cells.
5. Ctrl+V: To paste the copied cells.
6. Ctrl+X: To cut the selected cells.
7. Ctrl+W: To close the workbook.
8. Delete: To remove all the contents from the cell.
9. Ctrl+P: To print the workbook.
10. Ctrl+Z: To undo.

Benefits of Microsoft Excel

1. The Best Way to Store Data
Even if you don’t use any of the options or any tool which Excel
offers you, it is the best way to store data. Why I’m saying this
because Excel is a kind of application that is used by millions of
people.

So when you store data in Excel and then share it with others, they can
access it easily.

2. You can perform calculations

What makes Excel the best spreadsheet application on the planet is its
ability to perform calculations. In Excel, you have a complete list of
functions that you can use for the calculations.

Basically, an Excel function is a predefined formula that returns a

specific result based on the values you specify.

But apart from that, you can also create your own formulas by
combining two or more functions or just by performing calculations
9
using operators.

10
3. All the tools for data analysis
The core motive of having data is to analyze and get insights out of it.
The good news is Excel has some of the most powerful tools to
analyze data.

Imagine you have data with thousands of rows, you can insert a pivot
table out of that data and create a summary table.

4. Easy to Create Data Visualizations with Charts

In Excel, you have all those options to create charts and present your
data in a visual way.

All those major types of charts that you need to use to present your
data are already there and you can insert them with a single click.

If you go to the Insert Tab, in the charts group, you can find all the
charts which you can insert.

Not just that, there’s also a button called recommended charts that
you can use to let Microsoft Excel recommend you the best possible
chart to use for the data you have in your worksheet.

5. You can Print Reports Easily

Even if you are a person who likes to save trees but there could be a
point where you need to print reports to share with others or present
them to someone.

Well, Excel allows you to print with a lot of customization where you
can change the margin, paper size, orientation, etc.
11
There are a whole bunch of options that you can use for page setup
before printing a report.

6. You can code to automate

Microsoft Office has its own coding language which is called VBA
(visual basic for applications) and it allows you to write code for
almost all the activities that you perform manually in Excel.

You can automate all kinds of activities from simple (make a text
bold) to complex (insert a pivot table) using a VBA code.
7. Transform and clean data
If you are one of those people who work with data a lot or you know
someone who works, there are a lot of situations where you need to
deal with messy data which you need to clean before you use it.

The process of cleaning and transforming data takes a big chunk of

your time and it can be a tedious process.

For this, Microsoft has introduced the power query which is a data
transformation and cleaning engine well you can load data from
multiple sources, transform it, and then load it back to the worksheet.

12
What makes power query such a powerful tool? Check out this
complete POWER QUERY guide to understand.
8. Store data with millions of rows
Well, there is no limit to data, but Excel has a limit in terms of rows and
columns. So that’s why Microsoft came up with Power Pivot where you
can store data with millions of rows and then you can perform
calculations within Power Pivot.

9. You can work with Excel online + mobile app

As most companies these days are moving to the cloud and Microsoft
Excel has its own web version. It has so many features, like functions,
pivot tables,
and pivot charts just like the desktop app.

And recently Microsoft has launched its all-in-one office app that you
13
can use to work on spreadsheets and mobile as well.

14
FUNCTION NO.1 USING SUMMATION FUNCTION.

The quickest and easiest way to sum a range of cells is to use the
Excel AutoSum button. It automatically enters an Excel SUM function
in the selected cell. The SUM function totals one or more numbers in
a range of cells.

The first example, below, shows how to use the AutoSum feature

1. Select the blank cell in the row below the cells that you want
to sum, cell A5 in this example.

2. Click the AutoSum command on the Ribbon's

Home tab, or use the keyboard shortcut: Alt + =

3. A SUM formula will appear in the active cell, with a reference

to the cells above. In the screen shot below, there is a SUM
formula in cell
A5: =SUM(A1:A4)
NOTE: If all cells are not automatically included, you can extend
the frame, to select them.

4. Press the Enter key to complete the entry.

15
The SUM Function Setup
Instead of using the AutoSum command to insert the SUM function,
you can type the function manually.
The SUM function setup (syntax) is: SUM(number1, [number2],...).

 It has one required argument: number1

 It also has optional arguments (enclosed in square brackets):
[number2],..

These arguments can be cell references, or can be typed into the formula.
In the example above (=SUM(A1:A4)), there is one argument -- a
reference to cells A1:A4.

LAB WORK-

FUNCTION NO.2 CALCULATTING PERCENTAGE.

The "PERCENTAGE" function in Excel is used to convert a decimal

number to a percentage. The syntax for the function is
=PERCENTAGE(decimal number, decimal places), where "decimal
number" is the number you want to convert to a percentage and
"decimal places" is the number of decimal places you want the result
to have.

The steps to calculate percentages in Excel are listed as follows:

1. Calculate the total marks obtained by the students. For this,

the marks of every subject are added.

16
2. Drag the formula of cell H2 to get the total marks obtained by
all students. The output is shown in the following image.

3. Divide the total marks by 600. The values of the “total marks”
column become the numerator. Since the number of subjects
is 6, the maximum marks are 600 (100*6=600). This becomes
the denominator.

17
 4. Apply the following formula.

Percentage=Marks scored/Total marks*100.

For percentage values (shown in the succeeding image), change

the cell formatting. Select column I and press “Ctrl+Shift+%.”
Alternatively, select “%” in the “number” group of the Home
tab.

LAB WORK-

FUNCTION NO.3 CALCULATING AVERAGE.

The most universally accepted average is the arithmetic mean, and

Excel uses the AVERAGE function to find it. The Excel AVERAGE
function is used to generate a number that represents a typical value
from a range, distribution, or list of numbers. It is calculated by adding
all the numbers in the list, then dividing the total by the number of
values within the list.

The AVERAGE function can handle multiple ranges of numbers, if required.

18
In this example, we have two lists of student exam scores. We want to
return the average into cell G3, for all student exam scores from both
regions.

1. Click in cell G3.

2. Type “=AVERAGE(“ and select range B3:B9.

3. Type a comma “,”. This is used to separate the two number

ranges (this is shown in the tooltip provided).

4. Select range E3:E11. Type a closing parenthesis “)” and press Enter.

The average is returned for all student exam scores.

19
LAB WORK-

FUNCTION NO.4 USING MEAN FUNCTION

Arithmetic mean, also referred to as average, is probably the measure

you are most familiar with. The mean is calculated by adding up a
group of numbers and then dividing the sum by the count of those
numbers.

For example

MEAN(AVERAGE) in

Excel

Suppose we are given the following data:

We wish to find out the top 3 scores in the above data set. The formula
to use will be:

20
We get the result below:

In the above formula, the LARGE function retrieved the top nth values
from a set of values. So, we got the top 3 values as we used the array
constant {1,2,3} into LARGE for the second argument.

Later, the AVERAGE function returned the average of the values. As the
function can automatically handle array results, we don’t need not use
Ctrl+Shift+Enter to enter the formula.

LAB WORK-

FUNCTION NO.5 USING MEDIAN FUNCTION.

The MEDIAN Function[1] is categorized under Excel Statistical

functions. The function will calculate the middle value of a given set of
numbers. Median can be defined as the middle number of a group of
numbers. That is, half the numbers return values that are greater than
the median, and half the numbers return values that are less than the
median. For example, the median of 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, and 10 is 4.

Let’s now see how to find the median in Excel. Let’s Say we have the
following data set.

21
We want to find the median salary.

For that, we will apply the following formula:

=MEDIAN (C2:C10)

Press Enter.

Excel returns the result as:

22
As evident, the MEDIAN returns a value of ‘69,740’, which isn’t even
included in the list.

That’s because the total count of list entries is an even number. And
for even numbers, Excel returns the median as the average of the
two middle numbers.

FUNCTION NO.6 USING MODE FUNCTION.

The MODE function is a premade function in Excel, which is used to

find the number seen most times.

This function always returns a single

number. It is typed =MODE.SNGL

It returns the most occurring number in a range or array.

Note: The mode is a type of average value, which describes where most
of the data is located. You can read more about mode in our: Statistics

Let's have a look at an example where we help the Pokemon trainers

to calculate the mode of numbers of Pokeballs.

How to use the =MODE function, step by step:

1. Select a cell (B10)

2. Type =MODE
3. Double click the MODE.SNGL command
4. Select a range (B2:E7)
5. Hit enter

23
24
It returns the number 1 which is seen 7x times. The closest
number to it is 3 and 4 which are seen 3x times each.

LAB WORK-

FUNCTION NO.7 USING CORRELATION FUNCTION.

Correlation basically means a mutual connection between two or

more sets of data. In statistics, bivariate data or two random
variables are used to find the correlation between them. The
correlation coefficient is generally the measurement of the
correlation between the bivariate data which basically denotes how
much two random variables are correlated with each other.

In Excel to find the correlation coefficient use the formula :

=CORREL(array1,array2
) array1 : array of
variable x array2: array
25
of variable y

26
To insert array1 and array2 just select the cell range for both.
1. Let’s find the correlation coefficient for the variables and X and Y1.

Correlation coefficient of x and y1

array1 : Set of values of X. The cell range is from A2 to A6.

array2 : Set of values of Y1. The cell range is from B2 to B6.
Similarly, you can find the correlation coefficients for (X , Y2) and (X ,
Y3) using the Excel formula. Finally, the correlation coefficients are
as follows :

From the above table we can infer that :

X and Y1 have negative correlation coefficient.
X and Y2 have positive correlation coefficient.
X and Y3 are not correlated as the correlation coefficient is almost zero.

LAB WORK-

27
FUNCTION NO.8 USING SUM IF FUNCTION.

The SUMIF function is a premade function in Excel, which calculates

the sum of values in a range based on a true or false condition.

It is typed =SUMIF:

=SUMIF(range, criteria, [sum_range])

The condition is referred to as criteria, which can check things like:

 If a number is greater than another number >

 If a number is smaller than another number <
 If a number or text is equal to something =

The [sum_range] is the range where the function calculates the

sum. Example SUMIF function, step by step:

1. Select the cell F3

2. Type =SUMIF
3. Double click the SUMIF command

4. Specify the range for the conditionB2:B10 (the Type 1 values)

5. Type ,
6. Specify the criteria (the cell E3, which has the value "Grass")
7. Type ,
8. Specify the range for the sum C2:C10 (the Total values)
9. Type ,
10. Hit enter

28
The function now sums the Total stats for Grass type Pokemon.

The function can be repeated for the other Pokemon types to compare them:

Note: You can use the filling function for the other rows, but make
sure to use absolute references for the ranges.

Now, we can see the sum of total stats for the different types of Pokemon:

29
FUNCTION NO.9 USING MAX FUNCTION.

The MAX function is a premade function in Excel, which finds the

highest number in a range.

It is typed =MAX

The function ignores cells with text. It will only work for cells with
numbers.

Note: There is another function called MIN, which finds the lowest
value in a range, the opposite of MAX.
How to use the =MAX function:

1. Select a cell (G5)

2. Type =MAX
3. Double click the MAX command
4. Select a range (D2:D21)
5. Hit enter

Let's have a look at an example!

Find the Pokemon which has the highest total stats in the range D2:D21:

30
31
The function has successfully found the highest value, 525. Cloyster
has the highest Total stats of the Pokemons in the range D2:D21.

Let's add text to a cell in the range D2:21 to see what happens. Type
Alakazam to D8.

LAB WORK-

32
FUNCTION NO.10 USING MIN FUNCTION.

The MIN function is a premade function in Excel, which finds the

lowest number in a range.

It is typed =MIN

The function ignores cells with text. It will only work for cells with
numbers.

Note: There is another function called MAX, which finds the highest
value in a range, the opposite of MIN.
How to use the =MIN function:

1. Select a cell (G5)

2. Type =MIN
3. Double click the MIN command
4. Select a range (D2:D21)
5. Hit enter

Let's have a look at an example!

Find the Pokemon which has the lowest total stats in the range D2:D21:

33
34
The function has successfully found the lowest value, 200. Magikarp
has the lowest Total stats of the Pokemons in the range D2:D21.

Let's add text to a cell in the range D2:21 to see what happens. Type
Kadabra to D21.

LAB WORK-

FUNCTION NO.11 PIVOT FUNCTION.

PivotTable is a functionality in Excel which helps you organize and

analyze data.It lets you add and remove values, perform
calculations, and to filter and sort data sets.PivotTable helps you
structure and organize data to understand large data sets.

35
How a PivotTable Works

PivotTables have four main components:

1. Columns

Columns are vertical tabular data.The column includes the

unique header, which is on the top.The header defines which
data you are seeing listed downwards.In this example, D5(Sum of
Attack) is the header.

D6(110), D7(100), D8(50), D9(73), and so on are the data.

2. Rows

Rows are horizontal tabular data.Data in the same row are

related.In this example, A8(Alakazam) is the Pokemon name.

B8(500), C8(55), D8(50), E8(45) represents the pokemons

stats.The type of stats is read in the header in the columns.

36
3. Filters

Filters are used to select what data you see. In this example,
there are two filters enabled: Generation and Type 1.The filters
are set to Generation
(1) and Type (Psychic).We will only see Generation 1
pokemonm that is Type 1, Psychic.All pokemon in the table
below the filter are of this generation and type.

4. Values

Values define how you present the data.You can define how
you Summarize and Show values.In this example, values are
defined for the range B5:E5.The range B5:E5 has all the same
value setting: Sum The Sum is summarized in the range
B14:E14.

37
 Values settings view:

You can change the name and settings of the values.

Fields and layout

The TablePivot is displayed how by your settings.The PivotTable Fields

panel is used to change how you see the data.The settings can be
separated in two: Fields and Layout.

38
1. Fields

The checkboxes can be selected or unselected to display or

change the property of the data.

In this example, the checkbox for Speed is

selected. Speed is now displayed in the table.

You can click the downwards arrow to change how the data is presented.

2. Layout

Drag and drop fields to the boxes to the right to display data in the table.

You can drag them to the four different boxes that we mentioned
earlier (four main components):

1. Filters
2. Rows
3. Columns
4. Values

39
In this example, we will drag and drop Sp. def to Values.

Sp. Def is now displayed in the table.

The settings of the fields that you have moved to the right side
can be changed.

Click the downwards arrow to access the settings.

This is possible in the four areas (Filters, rows, columns and, values).

40
FUNCTION NO.12 USING VLOOK-UP FUNCTION.
The VLOOKUP function is a premade function in Excel, which allows searches across columns.

It is typed =VLOOKUP and has the following parts:

=VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

How to use the VLOOKUP function.

41
 1. Select a cell (H4)
2. Type =VLOOKUP
3. Double click the VLOOKUP command
4. Select the cell where search value will be entered (H3)
5. Type (,)
6. Mark table range (A2:E21)
7. Type (,)
8. Type the number of the column, counted from the left (2)
9. Type True (1) or False (0) (1)
10. Hit enter
11. Enter a value in the cell selected for the Lookup_value H3(7)

Let's have a look at an example!

Use the VLOOKUP function to find the Pokemon names based on their ID#:

H4 is where the search result is displayed. In this case, the Pokemons names
based on their ID#.

42
H3 selected as lookup_value. This is the cell where the search query is entered.
In this case the Pokemons ID#.

The range of the table is marked at table_array, in this example A2:E21.

43
The number 2 is entered as col_index_number. This is the second column
from the left and is the data that is being looked up.

An illustration for selecting col_index_number 2.

44
Ok, so next - 1 (True) is entered as range_lookup. This is because the most
left column has numbers only. If it was text, 0 (False) would have been used.

The function returns the #N/A value. This is because there have not been
entered any value to the Search ID# H3.

Let us feed a value to it, type H3(7):

Have a look at that! The VLOOKUP function has successfully found the
Pokemon Squirtle which has the ID# 7.

One more time, type (H3)4:

45
LAB WORK-

FUNCTION NO. 13 USING COUNT IF FUNCTION.

The COUNTIF function is a premade function in Excel, which counts

cells as specified.

It is typed =COUNTIF

Numbers (e.g. 90) and words (e.g. "Water") can be

specified. How to use the =COUNTIF function:

1. Select a cell
2. Type =COUNTIF
3. Double click the COUNTIF command
4. Select a range
5. Type ,
6. Select a cell (the criteria, the value that you want to count)
7. Hit enter

Let's see some examples!

46
Apply the COUNTIF function to range B2:B21, to count how many
Pokemons we have in the different types:

We want the COUNTIF function to count the types of

Pokemons, in the range G5:G15:

47
The , is typed after the range is selected, which tells the function
what you are looking to count.

48
LAB WORK-

49
FUNCTION NO.14 USING AND FUNCTION.

The AND function is a premade function in Excel, which returns TRUE

or FALSE based on two or more conditions.

It is typed =AND and takes two or more conditions.

The conditions are referred to as [logical1], [logical2], and

so on. The conditions can check things like:

 If a number is greater than another number >

 If a number is smaller than another number <
 If a number or text is equal to

something = Example AND Function

Check if the Pokemon type is fire and has speed greater than

70: The function returns "TRUE" or "FALSE".

Example AND function, step by step:

1. Select the cell D2

2. Type =AND
3. Double click the AND command

50
 4. Specify the first condition B2="Fire"
5. Type ,
6. Specify the second condition C2>70
7. Hit enter

Note: You can add more conditions by repeating steps 5-6 before hitting
enter.

Since the value in cell B2 is not "Fire" the first condition is FALSE.

Since the value in cell C2 is less than 70 the second condition is also

FALSE. All conditions need to be TRUE for the AND function to return

TRUE.

Note: Text values needs to be in quotes: " "

The function can be repeated with the filling function for each row to
perform the same check for each Pokemon:

Now, each row has a check for Fire Type and Speed greater than 70:

51
Only Charmeleon and Charizard both have Fire type and speed greater
than 70, so the function returns "TRUE".

LAB WORK-

FUNCTION NO.15 USING OR FUNCTION.

The OR function is a premade function in Excel, which returns TRUE

or FALSE based on two or more conditions.

It is typed =OR.

The conditions are referred to as [logical1], [logical2], and

so on. The conditions can check things like:

 If a number is greater than another number >

 If a number is smaller than another number <
 If a number or text is equal to

something = Example OR Function

Check if the Pokemon type is water OR has defense greater

than 60: The function returns "TRUE" or "FALSE".

52
Example OR function, step by step:

1. Select the cell D2

2. Type =OR
3. Double click the OR command

4. Specify the first condition B2="Water"

5. Type ,
6. Specify the second condition C2>60
7. Hit enter

Note: You can add more conditions by repeating steps 5-6 before hitting
enter.

53
Since the value in cell B2 is not "Water" the first condition is FALSE.

Since the value in cell C2 is less than 60 the second condition is also

FALSE. At least one condition need to be TRUE for the OR function to

Note: Text values needs to be in quotes: " "

return TRUE.

The function can be repeated with the filling function for each row to
perform the same check for each Pokemon:

Now, each row has a check for Water Type or Defense greater than 60:

For example:

 Ivysaur is not Water type, but it has more than 60 defense, so the
function returns "TRUE".
 Charmeleon is not Water type, and has less than 60
defense, so the function returns "FALSE"
 Wartortle is both Water type and has more than 60
defense, so the function returns "TRUE"

54
LAB WORK-

55
NO.16 SAMPLE QUESTIONAIRE

A questionnaire is a list of questions or items used to gather data from

respondents about their attitudes, experiences, or opinions.
Questionnaires can be used to collect quantitative and/or qualitative
information.

Advantages of a good questionnaire design

 With a survey questionnaire, you can gather a lot of data in less time.
 There is less chance of any bias creeping if you have a standard
set of questions to be used for your target audience. You can
apply logic to questions based on the respondents’ answers, but
the questionnaire will remain standard for a group of respondents
that fall in the same segment.
 Surveying online survey software is quick and cost-effective. It
offers you a rich set of features to design, distribute, and analyze
the response data.
 It can be customized to reflect your brand voice. Thus, it can be
used to reinforce your brand image.
 The responses can be compared with the historical data and
understand the shift in respondents’ choices and experiences.
 Respondents can answer the questionnaire without revealing their
identity. Also, many survey software complies with significant
data security and privacy regulations.

Characteristics of a good questionnaire

Your survey design depends on the type of information you need to

collect from respondents. Qualitative questionnaires are used when
there is a need to collect exploratory information to help prove or
disprove a hypothesis. Quantitative questionnaires are used to validate

56
or test a previously generated hypothesis. However, most
questionnaires follow some essential characteristics:

57
  Uniformity: Questionnaires are very useful to collect demographic
information, personal opinions, facts, or attitudes from
respondents. One of the most significant attributes of a research
form is uniform design and standardization. Every respondent
sees the same questions. This helps in data collection and
statistical analysis of this data. For example, the retail store
evaluation questionnaire template contains questions for
evaluating retail store experiences. Questions relate to purchase
value, range of options for product selections, and quality of
merchandise. These questions are uniform for all customers.
 Exploratory: It should be exploratory to collect qualitative data.
There is no restriction on questions that can be in your
questionnaire. For example, you use a data collection
questionnaire and send it to the female of the household to
understand her spending and saving habits relative to the
household income. Open-ended questions give you more insight
and allow the respondents to explain their practices. A very
structured question list could limit the data collection.
 Question Sequence: It typically follows a structured flow of
questions to increase the number of responses. This sequence of
questions is screening questions, warm-up questions, transition
questions, skip questions, challenging questions, and
classification questions. For example, our motivation and
buying experience questionnaire template covers initial
demographic questions and then asks for time spent in sections of
the store and the rationale behind purchases

● SAMPLE QUESTIONNAIRE
An Analysis of Teenager behaviour towards social media:
Respected Sir/Madam,

I, Anshaj Singh, a student of BBA at JEMTEC, would you kindly fill the following
questionnaire to enable me to conduct my research on the topic “Study of Customer
Satisfaction for Taco Bell.” Kindly spare sometime to answer the following
questions to enable me derive suitable inferences.

Part A: Demographic profile of Respondent

Name: (Optional)
Age Group:
58
14-17
18-21

59
 22-25
26-29
30 & above
Gender:
Male
Female
Prefer not to say
Monthly Income/ Pocket Money:
Rs.2000-Rs.5000
Rs.5000-Rs.10,000
Rs.10,000-Rs.15,000
Rs.15,000-above
PART B:
QUESTION 1: How long have you been dining at Taco Bell
0-2 years
2-4 years
4-6 years
6 years and more
QUESTION 2: Are you satisfied with the variety of products offered at Taco Bell?
Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
Somewhat Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
QUESTION 3: Are you satisfied with the availability of products offered at Taco Bell?
Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
60
 Somewhat Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
QUESTION 4: Are you satisfied with the quality of products offered at Taco Bell?
Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
Somewhat Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
QUESTION 5: Are you satisfied with the pricing of products offered at Taco Bell?
Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
Somewhat Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
QUESTION 6: Are you satisfied with the discounts on products offered at Taco Bell?
Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
Somewhat Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
QUESTION 7: Do you Find an easy availability of Taco Bell Outlets?
Yes
No
Can’t Say
QUESTION 8: Are you satisfied with customer grievance
settlements? Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
61
 Somewhat Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
QUESTION 9: Do you find the advertisements of Taco Bell convincing?
Convincing
Somewhat Convincing
Very Convincing
Not at all Convincing
QUESTION 10: Are you satisfied with the Sales promotion methods of Taco Bell?
Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
Somewhat Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
QUESTION 11: Are you satisfied with the attitude of sales person at Taco Bell?
Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
Somewhat Dissatisfied
Dissatisfied
QUESTION 12: Do you find the Taco Bell Outlets hygienic and clean?
Yes
No
Can’t Say
QUESTION 13: Are you satisfied with the billing services at Taco Bell?
Very satisfied
Somewhat Satisfied
Neither Satisfied nor Dissatisfied
Somewhat Dissatisfied
62
 Dissatisfied
QUESTION 14: Would you recommend Taco Bell products to your friends and
relatives?
Yes
No
Can’t Say
QUEST ION 15: Would you repurchase Taco Bell products in future?
Yes
No
Can’t Say
QUESTION 16: Any suggestions or recommendations you would like to give to Taco
Bell?
Improve Ambience
Improve Customer Services
Improve Pricing
Improve Variety
Improve Quality
Open up a New Outlet
GOOGLE FORM - Google Forms is a free online tool from Google which
allows users to create forms, surveys, and quizzes as well as to
collaboratively edit and share the forms with other people. Educators
can use Google forms to assess their students at the beginning of the
class and gauge pre-existing knowledge. Furthermore, Google forms
can be used to give feedback to and receive feedback from students
and parents. Similarly, students can use Google forms to assess their
own learning and set the learning goals as well as to collect data for
their research projects.

Steps To Create a new form:

63
Choose an option:
From forms.google.com, click Blank or choose a template.
From drive.google.com, click Newand thenscroll to Google Forms. Next
to Google Forms, point to the Right arrow "" and click Blank form, Blank
quiz, or From a template.
Name your form: In the top-left corner, click Untitled form or the
template form name and enter a new name.
(Optional) Do any of the following actions:
Add a description: Under the form name, add your text.
Add a header: change the theme and background color, or font style: Click
Customize Theme: and then choose your options.

64
Add questions
If you’re using a template, you can skip to Edit questions to edit your
form. Note: Changes are automatically saved. To preview your
changes any time, at the top right, click Preview "".

1 Click Untitled Question and enter your question. You get suggestions
based on your type of question.
2 (Optional) To change the question type, click the Down arrow "" and
choose an option.
3 Add response options (if applicable for your question type).
4 To add a copy of the existing question, click Duplicate
5 (Optional) To specify if people must answer the question, click Required.
6 To add a new question, click Add question "".

Edit questions
You can add things like images and videos to a question at any time.
You can also reorder and delete questions.
Select a question and do any of the following actions:

65
1 Drag to reorder a question. You can also drag and reorder answers.
2 Delete a question.
3 Click More "" to: Add a description or hint. Shuffle the answer order.
4 To shuffle the question order, click Settings. Next to
Presentation, click the Down arrow ""and thenturn on Shuffle
question order.
5 Add an image to a question. You can also add images to answers or forms.
6 Add a YouTube video.

66
QUESTIONAIRE GOOGLE FORM: -

67
68
Statistical Package for
Social Sciences
(SPSS)

69
• What is SPSS Software?
:- SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) is a software package that was
originally developed for statistical analysis in the social sciences. It is now
commonly used in a wide range of fields, including psychology, marketing, and
education, for data management and statistical analysis.

SPSS includes a range of features for data manipulation, analysis, and visualization,
including options for regression analysis, factor analysis, and t-tests. It also includes a
variety of graphical tools for creating charts and plots to help visualize and
communicate data.

SPSS is available for Windows and Mac operating systems, and it can be used by
researchers and analysts to analyze and interpret complex data sets.

• What are the Core Features of SPSS?

:- Some of the core features of SPSS include:

1- Data management: SPSS allows you to import, edit, and manage data from a variety of sources,
including spreadsheets, databases, and text files.

2- Statistical
analysis: SPSS includes a range of statistical tools and tests, including t-tests, ANOVA,
regression analysis, and factor analysis.

3- Data visualization: SPSS includes a variety of graphical tools for creating charts, plots, and maps to
help visualize and communicate data.

4- Collaboration and sharing: SPSS includes features for working with and sharing data and analysis with
colleagues, including options for exporting data and results to other software packages.

5- Customization:SPSS allows you to customize and automate analyses, including the ability to create
custom syntax and scripts for repetitive tasks.

6- Data security: SPSS includes options for protecting data privacy, including the ability to redact
sensitive information and control access to data.

• SPSS features that make it a must-have analysis tool.

:- There are several features of SPSS that make it a popular and widely used tool for
statistical analysis:

1- Comprehensive statistical analysis: SPSS includes a wide range of statistical tools and tests, including
options for regression analysis, factor analysis, and t-tests. This makes it a useful tool for analyzing data
and understanding relationships between variables.

70
2- Datamanagement and visualization: SPSS allows you to import, edit, and manage data from a variety
of sources, and includes a variety of graphical tools for creating charts, plots, and maps to help visualize
and communicate data.

3- Customization: SPSS allows you to customize and automate analyses, including the ability to create
custom syntax and scripts for repetitive tasks. This can save time and increase efficiency for those who
use SPSS regularly.

4- Collaboration and sharing: SPSS includes features for working with and sharing data and analysis with
colleagues, including options for exporting data and results to other software packages.

5- Ease of use: SPSS has a user-friendly interface, with options for both point-and-click and syntax-based
analysis. This makes it accessible to users with a range of technical skills.

• Two SPSS Types You Should Know About.

1- Variable View: In SPSS, the Variable View is a tab or window in the software where you can view and
edit the variables in your data set. In this view, you can see the name and type of each variable, as well
as any labels or values that have been assigned. You can also use the Variable View to add or delete
variables, and to modify the properties of existing variables.

2- Data View: In SPSS, the Data View is a tab or window in the software where you can view and edit the
data in your data set. In this view, you can see the values of each variable for each case (e.g., each
participant or observation). You can use the Data View to enter or edit data, or to delete cases from
your data set. You can also use the Data View to sort or filter your data, or to create new variables based
on existing ones.

• SPSS by Industry: Use Cases.

SPSS is widely used across a variety of industries for data management and
statistical analysis. Some common use cases for SPSS include:

1- Social
sciences: SPSS was originally developed for statistical analysis in the social sciences, and it is still
widely used in fields such as psychology, sociology, and economics for analyzing and interpreting data.

2- Marketing and market research: SPSS is used by marketing professionals and market researchers to
analyze customer data, evaluate the effectiveness of marketing campaigns, and identify trends and
patterns in consumer behavior.

3- Healthcare:
SPSS is used by healthcare professionals and researchers to analyze and interpret data
related to patient outcomes, healthcare utilization, and the effectiveness of treatments.

71
4- Education: SPSS is used by educators and researchers to analyze data related to student performance,
instructional strategies, and other factors that may impact learning.

5- Business and finance: SPSS is used by business professionals and analysts to analyze data related to
financial performance, market trends, and other factors that may impact business decisions.

6- Government and public policy: SPSS is used by government agencies and policy researchers to analyze
and interpret data related to social and economic issues, public health, and other areas of interest.

• Advantages of Using SPSS:

There are several advantages to using SPSS for data management and statistical analysis:

1- Comprehensive statistical analysis: SPSS includes a wide range of statistical tools and tests, making it a
useful tool for understanding relationships between variables and identifying patterns in data.

2- Data management and visualization: SPSS allows you to import, edit, and manage data from a variety
of sources, and includes a variety of graphical tools for creating charts, plots, and maps to help visualize
and communicate data.

3- Customization: SPSS allows you to customize and automate analyses, including the ability to create
custom syntax and scripts for repetitive tasks. This can save time and increase efficiency for those who
use SPSS regularly.

4- Collaboration and sharing: SPSS includes features for working with and sharing data and analysis with
colleagues, including options for exporting data and results to other software packages.

5- Ease of use: SPSS has a user-friendly interface, with options for both point-and-click and syntax-based
analysis. This makes it accessible to users with a range of technical skills.

6- Widely used: SPSS is a widely used and well-established software package, with a large user base and
a strong community of users who share tips, tricks, and resources. This can make it easier to find help
and support when using the software.

• Limitations of Using SPSS:

There are also some limitations to using SPSS for data management and statistical analysis:

1- Cost:
SPSS is a commercial software package, and it can be expensive to purchase and maintain. This
may be a barrier for some users, particularly those with limited budgets or resources.

72
2- Limited open-source options: While there are some open-source alternatives to SPSS, they
may not offer the same level of functionality and support as the commercial version. This may
be a limitation for those who prefer open-source software or who are unable to afford the
cost of SPSS.

3- Complexity:SPSS includes a wide range of features and options, which can make it a
complex software package to learn and use. This may be a barrier for some users, particularly
those who are new to statistical analysis or who have limited technical skills.

4- Lack of real-time analysis: SPSS does not offer real-time analysis, which means that you
must run analyses and generate reports separately from your data collection efforts. This may
be a limitation for those who need to make real-time decisions based on data.

5- Limitedsupport for certain data types: SPSS is primarily designed for analyzing tabular data,
and it may not offer as much support for other types of data, such as image or video data. This
may be a limitation for those working with these types of data.

• CONCLUSION: -
In conclusion, SPSS is a powerful and widely used software package for data
management and statistical analysis. It includes a wide range of features and
tools for analyzing and interpreting data, and it is used in a variety of
industries, including social sciences, marketing, healthcare, and education.
However, SPSS is a commercial software package that can be expensive to
purchase and maintain, and it may be complex and difficult to learn for some
users. It may also have limitations in terms of its support for certain types of
data and its lack of real-time analysis capabilities. Despite these limitations,
many users find SPSS to be a valuable tool for understanding and
interpreting data, and it is likely to continue to be a popular choice for
statistical analysis.

73
.

74