RAJAGOPAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE

Gandhinagar, Gudiyattam-632602

E VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY & POLICY

(IN ENGLISH)
(N-Scheme)

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 RAJAGOPAL POLYTECHNIC COLLEGE
Gandhinagar, Gudiyattam-632602

E VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY & POLICY

UNIT – 1 (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND HISTORY & ELECTRIC VEHICLE
TYPES)

3 MARKS : 14 MARKS :

1. What is air pollution? 1. Explain about conventional drive train

2. Write the advantages of BEV. system.
3. List the environmental impact of using 2. Explain the types of wheel drives.
3. Explain with a neat block diagram of
conventional vehicles.
BEV. Write the merits and demerits.
4. Compare BEV, HEV & FCEV. 4. Explain with a neat block diagram of
5. What is meant by unburned Hc‟s. HEV. Write the merits and demerits.
6. Define FWD, 4WD, RWD. 5. Explain with a neat block diagram of
7. Explain the necessity of BEV. FCEV. Write the merits and demerits.
8. Define environmental impact. 6. Explain with a neat block diagram of
9. Compare BEV & conventional vehicles. PHEV. Write the merits and demerits.
10. Write the various types of electric 7. Explain about history of electric vehicle
vehicles. and hybrid electric vehicle.

UNIT – 2 (ELECTRIC VEHICLES & ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS)

3 MARKS : 14 MARKS :
1. Mention the parameters to determine the
1. Explain about the concept of hybrid
performance of EV.
electric drive.
2. Write the uses of BLDC motor drive.
3. Describe about tractive effort. 2. Explain with a neat sketch of Hub motor.
4. What is meant by hybrid electric vehicle? Write the merits and demerits.
5. State the various types of EV 3. Explain with a neat sketch of BLDC
configuration. motor. Write the merits and demerits
6. Define electric vehicle & performance of 4. Explain with a neat sketch of DC motor.
electric vehicle. Write the merits and demerits.
7. State the requirements of vehicle power 5. Explain the architecture of A) series
train. . hybrid electric drive B) parallel electric
8. Define BLDC & list the merits, demerits. drive train.
9. Define Hub motor & list the merits, 6. Explain the architecture of series-parallel
demerits. hybrid electric drive train
10. Write the various types of EV motors.
11. Define DC motor & list the merits and
demerits.

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 UNIT – 3 (ENERGY STORAGES CHARGING SYSTEMS, EFFECTS & IMPACTS)

3 MARKS : 14 MARKS :
1. Define battery pack.
2. Define constant current & constant 1. Explain with a neat sketch of lead acid
battery systems.
voltage charging.
3. Mention the types of battery. 2. Explain with a neat sketch of lithium
4. What is meant by V2G? based battery systems.
5. Explain the series connection of 3. Explain with a neat sketch of nickel
batteries. based battery systems.
4. Explain about battery charging
6. Write the effects of electric
vehicle(EV). techniques.
7. Write a short notes on voltage sag. 5. Explain the cell series and parallel
8. Compare the different types of wireless connection to develop battery pack
charging system. 6. Explain the impacts on A) environment
B) economy C) power grid.
9. Define SoC & SoH.
7. Explain the role of battery management
10. Specify the chemical reaction of lead
acid batteries during charging. system (BMS).
11. Draw the block diagram of BMS.

UNIT – 4 (ELECTRIC MOBILITY POLICY FRAME WORK)

3 MARKS : 14 MARKS :
1. Write the advantages of EV eco
1. Explain about global scenario of EV
system.
adoption.
2. Explain about the protection against
the electric shock. 2. Explain the trends and future
development of EV market.
3. List the scope and applicability of EV
policy. 3. Explain the mobility policy frae work
4. Mention the need of EV policy. of government of India.
5. Define electric mobility policy frame 4. Explain about EV eco system.
5. Explain the ARAI standards for
work.
electric vehicles.
6. Define electric vehicle fleet.
7. Specify the various types of AIS 6. Explain about AIS standards
standards.
8. Specify the important trens that will
impact flee electrifications.
9. Explain about the action led by
OEM‟s.
10. List the scope of AIS 038, AIS 039 &
AIS 123.
11. State the steps to be taken for getting
AIS certificate.

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 UNIT – 5 (TAMILNADU E-VEHICLE POLICY 2019)

3 MARKS : 14 MARKS :
1. List the objectives of Tamil Nadu EV 1. Explain the recycling eco-system of
policy. battery & EV‟s
2. Explain the recycling eco-system of 2. Explain the need and objectives of EV
battery policy.
3. Mention the demand side incentives for 3. Explain the EV charging structure
private cars. 4. Explain the policy measures of Electric
4. Explain the recycling eco-system of vehicle.
EV‟s. 5. Write a short note on demand side
5. Explain the city building codes. incentives.
6. Write a short note on charging structure. 6. Explain supply side incentives to
7. Define policy measures of electric cars & promote EV manufacturing
two wheelers.
8. Define policy measures of electric
vehicles in share mobility & goods
carries.
9. Define supply side incentives to promote
EV manufacturing
10. Define business incubation..

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 UNIT – 1 (ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT AND HISTORY & ELECTRIC VEHICLE TYPES)

3 MARKS :

1. What is air pollution?

 At present all vehicle rely on the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels to drive the energy
necessary for their pollution.
 Combustion is a reaction between the fuel and the air that releases heat and combustion
products.
 An engine converts the heat into mechanical power. The combustion products are release
into atmosphere.
2. Write the advantages of BEV.
 Simple construction
 Simple operation and convenience
 It provides instant and high torque
3. List the environmental impact of using conventional vehicles.
 Automotive pollutants directly and indirectly have adverse health effects an their discharge
into the atmosphere should be controlled
 Hydrocarbon emissions from the fuel system that emits while the vehicle is in operation.
 Particulate matter in the air alone is responsible for up to 30,000 premature deaths every
year.
4. Compare BEV, HEV & FCEV.
S.NO BEV HEV FCEV
1 No Emission Emission low Emission low
It have Electric It have Electric It have Electric
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motor motor & ICE motor
3 High cost High maintenance High cost
Source – battery Source – battery Source – Fuel cell
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ultra capacitor ultra capacitor ICE
5. What is meant by unburned Hc’s.
 It is the result of the incomplete combustion of HC‟s.
 Depending on their nature, unburned HC‟s may be harmful to living things.
6. Define FWD, 4WD, RWD.
FWD – Front Wheel Drive
 In this drive the power from the engine is delivered to the front wheels of the vehicle.
 The front wheels are pulling the vehicle and the real wheels don‟t receive any power on
their own.
 Front wheels drive vehicles are lighter than other types of drive train.
4WD – 4 Wheel Drive
 In this drive the power from the engine is delivered to all 4 wheels.
 However 4 WD is typically more robust because it is designed to handle off road driving.
RWD – Rear Wheel Drive
 In this drive the power from the engine is delivered to the rear wheels of the vehicle.
 The rear wheels are pulling the vehicle and the front wheels don‟t receive any power on
their own.

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 7. Explain the necessity of BEV.
 Cheaper to run
 Cheaper to maintain
 Cheaper to register
 Better for environment.
8. Define environmental impact.
 It is defined as any change of the environment whether adverse or beneficial, resulting from
a facility‟s activities, products or services.
 In other words, it is the effect that people‟s actions have on the environment.
9. Compare BEV & conventional vehicles.
S.NO Conventional vehicle BEV
1 Power Density is high Power Density is low
2 Fuel weight is very less Batteries are very heavy
3 High running cost Low running cost
4 Noisy operation Silent operation
5 Fuel tank takes less space Batteries takes large space
10. Write the various types of electric vehicles.
 BEV - Battery Electric Vehicle
 HEV - Hybrid Electric Vehicle
 PHEV - Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicle
 FCEV - Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle

14 MARKS :

1. Explain about conventional drive train system.

 The vehicles drive train includes all the components necessary to transfer the engines
energyto its wheel in order to make the vehicle move.
 It helps to send power through the transmission to the drive wheels.

 The important parts are,

A) Transmission b) Drive shaft c) CV-joint d) U-joint
e) Differential f) Axle shaft

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  Transmission: it transfer power from the engine to the wheels but also enables gear-shifting in
accordance to drive needs.
 Drive shaft: it is a long tube of steel that is linked to a vehicles transmission at one end and the
wheels at the other. It is transfer mechanical power from the transmission to the other components
of the vehicles.
 CV-Joint: constatnt velocity joints are parts of the driveshaft. These joints are designed to be able
to bend in any direction while continuing to turn the drive wheels at a constant velocity.
 U-Joint: it is a flexible point on the riveshaft that allows the shaft to pivot and move when the
vehicle does overs bump or tips in the road.
 Differential: the differential is where the power makes its last step before spinning the wheels.
Vehicle wheels rotate at different speeds, especially when the vehicle is turning.
 Axle shaft: they are a single rotating shaft on either side of the differntial, which delivers power
from the final drive assembly to the drive wheels.
2. Explain the types of wheel drives.
 3 types
a) Front Wheel Drive (FWD)
b) Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)
c) All wheel Drive (AWD)
 Front Wheel Drive (FWD)

In this drive the power from the engine is delivered to the front wheels of the vehicle.The front wheels
are pulling the vehicle and the rear wheels don‟t receive any power on their own.Front wheels drive
vehicles are lighter than other types of drive train.

 Rear Wheel Drive (RWD)

In this drive the power from the engine is delivered to the rear wheels of the vehicle.The rear wheels
are pulling the vehicle and the front wheels don‟t receive any power. It offers more precise handling.

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  All Wheel Drive (AWD)

It employs a front, rear and center differential to provie power to all four wheels of a vehicle. The
power is given to both the front and rear wheels all the time.
3. Explain with a neat block diagram of BEV. Write the merits and demerits.
 BEV – Battery Electrical Vehicle
 Electric vehicles with only batteries to provide power to the drivetrain is known as “Battery
Electrical Vehicle”.
 Block diagram

A) Battery charger – An AC charger supplies onboard charger, which then converts the AC
power in to DC, allowing the battery to charge.
B) Battery pack – it gives power to the electric vehicles
C) Power converter – it can be use to interface the elements in the electric power train by
boosting or chopping the voltage levels.
D) Electric motor – it have an electric motor instead of an internal combustion engine.
E) Mechanical transmission – it is use for transfering the motor power to wheel.
F) Differential – it provides the required torque for each driving wheel and allows differnet
wheel speeds.
 Diagram

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  The range of such vehicles depends directly on the battery capacity. They can cover 100 km
– 200 km on one charge.
 The top models can cover 300 km – 500 km on one charge. This range depends on driving
condition, vehicle configuration, roag conditions, climate, battery type and age.
 Charging time depends on the charger configuration, its infrastructure and operating power
level.
 Electric propulsion provides instant and high torque even at low speeds.
 Urban driving requires running at slow or medium speeds and these ranges demand lot of
torque.
 The wheels are driven by electric motors which is run by batteries through a power
converter circuit.
 Avantages :
A) No emission
B) it is not depends on oil
C) Range is based on batteries.
 Disadvantages :
A) High cost
B) it takes large time for charging
C) Minimum number of charging station.
4. Explain with a neat block diagram of HEV. Write the merits and demerits.
 HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle
 It employs both an ICE and electrical power train to power the vehicle. It uses the electric
propulsion system when the power demand is low.
 This feature also reduces GHG. When hiher power in needed the HEV switches to the ICE.
 The two drive trains can also work together to improve the performance.
 Hybrid power system enhances the performance by filling the aps between ear shifts and
proviing speed boosts when required.
 Therefore HEVs are primarily ICE driven vehicles that use an electrical drivetrain to
improve mileage or for performance enhancement.
 While starting the vehicle, the ICE also run the motor as a generator to produce some power
and store in the battery.
 During braking the power trains run the motor as generator to change the battery by
regenerating braking.

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  Advantages :
A) Low emission
B) Long range
C) Available commercially
 Disadvantages :
A) High maintenance
B) Battery and engine size optimization.
5. Explain with a neat block diagram of FCEV. Write the merits and demerits.
 FCEV – Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle
 The heart of FCEVs is fuel cells that use chemical reactions to produce electricity.
 Hyrogen is the fuel of choice for FCVs to carry out this reaction, so they are often called
hydrogen fuel cell vehicles.

 It carries hydrogen in special high pressure tanks. Oxygen is the another incredient for
power generating process.
 Electricity is generate from the fuel cells goes to an electric motor, which drives the wheels.
 Excess energy is store in storage systems like batteries or super capacitors.
 It only produce water as a byproduct of its power generating process, which is ejected out of
the vehicle through the tailpipes.
 A major current obstacle in adopting this technology is the scarcity of hydrogen fuel
stations.
 There are also concerns regarding safety in case of flammable hydrogen leaking out of the
tanks. The cost of fuel cells is greater than ICE.
 If these obstacles were eliminated, FCEVs could really represent the future of vehicles.
 Advantages :
A) Low emission
B) High range
C) Available commercially.
 Disadvantages :
A) Cost is high
B) Availability of fueling facilities.

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6. Explain with a neat block diagram of PHEV. Write the merits and demerits.
 PHEV – Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle
 PHEV uses both an ICE an electrical power train like HEV. The difference between them is
that the PHEV uses electric propulsion as the main driving force. So these vehicles requires
thier capacity than HEVs.
 It states in “all electric” mode, runs on electricity and when the batteries are low in charge, it
calls on the ICE to provide a boost or to change up the battery pack. Here the ICE is used to
extend the range.

 It can charge their batteries directly from the grid.

 They also have the facility to utilize regenerative braking.
 PHEV ability to run solely on electricity for most of the time, makes it carbon food print
smaller than HEVs.
 They consume less fuel as well and thus its associated cost is reduced.
7. Explain about history of electric vehicle and hybrid electric vehicle.
 History of electric vehicle
a) The first EV was built by Frenchman Gustava Trouve in 1881. It was tricycle powere
by a 0.1 HP direct current motor fed by lead acid batteries.
b) A vehicle similar to this type was built in 1883 by two british professors. The vehicle
was operated as a Taxi in a newyork city.
c) Regenerative braking is a most significant technical advance invention. It is invented by
Frenchman M.A darracq on this 1987 coupet this method makes it possible to recover
the vehicles kinetic energy while braking and recharging the batteries
d) In 1966, general motors built the electrovan which was propelled by induction motors
that were fed by invertors built with thyristors.
e) During the 1960s and 1970s, some research on electric vehicles was made based on
environmental triggering.
f) During 1990s the electric automobiles could never compete with gasoline automobiles
for range and performance.
g) The reason is that in batteries, the energy is store in the metal of electrodes. Its weight is
more than gasoline for the same energy content. The automotive industry abandone the
electric vehicles to conduct research on hybrid electric vehicles.

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 History of hybrid electric vehicle
a) The primary purpose was not much to reduce the fuel consumption, but rather to assist
the ICE to provide an acceptable level of performance.
b) The first hybrid vehicles were reported at the paris salon of 1899. Heres the batteries
were charged by the engine when the vehicle was at a standstill.
c) Frenchman Camille jenatzy presented a parallel hybrid vehicle at the paris salon of
1903. This vehicle combined a 6 hp gasoline engine with a 14 hp electric machine.
d) The series hybrid design was revived by Dr. Ernest H.wakefield in 1967. Despite the
two oil crises of 1973 & 1977, and grwoing environmental concerns, no hybrid
electric vehicle made it to the market.
e) The hybrid electric vehicle concept drew great interest during 1990s.
f) In 1997, toyato released the prius sedan in japan, these vehicles are now available
throughout the world. They achieve excellent fuel consumption.

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 UNIT – 2 (ELECTRIC VEHICLES & ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEMS
3 MARKS :
1. Mention the parameters to determine the performance of EV.
The driving performance of electric vehicle is usually evaluated by Acceleration time,
maximum speed and gradeability.
2. Write the uses of BLDC motor drive.
 Computer hard drives and DVD/CD players.
 Electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and electric bicycles.
 Industrial robots CNC machine tools.
 Fans, pumps and blowers.
3. Describe about tractive effort.
 It is defined as the ratio of its maximum speed to its base speed.
 At low speed region the motor has a constant torque.
 In the high speed region has a constant power.
4. What is meant by hybrid electric vehicle?
 HEV – Hybrid Electric Vehicle
 It employs both an ICE and electrical power train to power the vehicle. It uses the
electric propulsion system when the power demand is low.
 This feature also reduces GHG. When higher power in needed the HEV switches to the
ICE.
5. State the various types of EV configuration.
 EV configuration with clutch, gear box & differential
 EV configuration without clutch, gear box
 EV configuration with clutch, fixed gear & differential
 EV configuration with 2 electric motor & fixed gearl
6. Define electric vehicle & performance of electric vehicle.
 Electric vehicle is a vehicle that uses one or more electric motors for propulsion.
 Electric vehicles use an electric motor for traction and chemical batteries, fuel cells,
ultracapacitor and flywheels for their corresponding energy sources.
 The driving performance of electric vehicle is usually evaluated by Acceleration time,
maximum speed and gradeability.
7. State the requirements of vehicle power train
 To develop sufficient power to meet the demands of vehicle performance.
 To carry sufficient energy on board to support vehicle driving in the given range
 To demonstrate high efficiency.
 Emit few environmental pollutants.
8. Define BLDC. Write the merits & demerits.
 BLDC – Brush Less Dc Motor Drive
 It consists of a rotor in the form of a Permanent magnet and stator in the form of
armature windings.
 It differs from the conventional DC motor. It doesnot have brush

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Merits Demerits
 High cost
 High efficiency
 Operates at low speed
 Less weight
 Need additional sensor
 Low maintenance
9. Define Hub motor. Write the merits and demerits
 It is the most common type of motor. It is placed in electric-bikes.
 This motor is integrated into the front or rear wheel of the vehicle.
Merits Demerits
 Simple to install  Not great mountain climbers
 Silent operation  Not sufficient as a non-hub.
 Fairly reliable.

10. Write the various types of EV motors.

2 types
a) Commutator motor (self excited, separately excited)
b) Commutator less motor (induction, synchronous, etc..)
11. Define DC motor.
It is an electrical machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.
Merits Demerits
 More efficient  High intial cost
 Simple installation  Poor speed control.
 Simple maintenance
14 MARKS :

1. Explain about the concept of hybrid electric drive.

 The requirements of vehicle powertrains are given below,
A. To develop sufficient power to meet the demands of vechicle performance.
B. To carry sufficient energy on board to support vehicle driving in the given range
C. To demonstrate high efficiency
D. Emit few environmental pollutants.
 A hybrid vehicle may have more than one energy source and energy converter.
 A vehicle contains two or more energy sources and energy converters are called a hybrid
vehicle. A hybrid vehicle with an electrical powertrain is called HEV.
 Normally a hybrid vehicle drivetrain usually consisits of only two powertrains. A hybrid
powertrains has a bidirectional energy source and converter. The other one is either
bidirectional or unidirectional.
 There are many available patterns of combining the power flows to meet the
requirements of load.
 The typical configuration of this mode is two power trains separately mounted on the
front and the rear axle of the vehicle.
 With proper configuration and control, applying a specific mode for each special
operating condition can optimize overall performance, efficiency and emissions.

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  In hybrid vehicle, steady power may be provided by an ICE engine, a Stirling engine, a
fuel cell etc.
 The dynamic power may be provided by an electric motor powered by electrochemical
batteries, ultracapacitors, flywheels and their combinations.
2. Explain with a neat sketch of Hub motor. Write the merits and demerits.
 This is the most common type of motor. It is placed in electric-bikes.
 This motor is integrated into the front or rear wheel of the vehicle. Normally, the hub
motor drive directly applies torque to the wheel, operating independently of bike gears.
 There are two types of hub motors. They are geared hub motors and the gearless hub
motors.
 The geared hub motors have internal planetary gears, which can be used to reduce the
speed of higher rpm motor.
 Similarly the gearless hub motors have no gears directly connects the lower rpm motor
stators able to the bike.
 It converts electrical energy into mechanial energy. It produces a rotating magnetic field
by using an electric coil acts on the rotor squirrel cage type closed aluminium frame to
form a magneto electric rotating torque.
 Most electric powered vehicles, use on board batteries, and a single ordinary electric
motor to power either two or four wheels.
 Hub motors are typically brushless motor. It replaces the commutator and brushes with
half a dozen or more separate coils and an electric circuit.
 In a normal motor, the inner coil is rotating and the outer magnet to stay static. But in
this motor, the inner part with the coils is static and the magnet spins around it.
 The elecrical circuit sends power to the round copper coils, making the outer spins
around the copper coils.
 The outer case is a magnet, split into the number of sections, bent round into a circle.
Advantages: Disadvantages:
 Siple to install
 Not efficient as a non-hub
 Reaily available
 Unsprung Weight in the wheel
 Fairly reliable
3. Explain with a neat sketch of BLDC motor. Write the merits and demerits
 BLDC – Brush Less Dc Motor Drive. It consists of a rotor in the form of Permanent
magnet and stator in the form of polyphase armature windings.
 It differs from the conventional DC motor. It does not have brushes.
Construction :
 It can be constructed in different physical configurations. Depending on the stator
windigns these can be configured as 1Ø, 2Ø or 3Ø motors.
 This motor has stator and rotor parts as like all other motors.
 The stator is made up of stacke steel laminations to carry the windings.these windings
can be arrange in either star or delta.

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Principle :
 It consists of brushless DC machine, DSP Base controller and power electronics-based
power converter.
 The position sensors H1, H2 and H3 sense the position of the machine rotor.
 The rotor position information is fed to the DSP based controller.
 It supplies acting signals to the power converter by turning ON and OFF the proper
stator pole windings of the machine.

Working :
 The current carrying conductor is stationary while the permanent rotor moves.
 When the stator coils are electrically switched by a supply source, it becomes
electromagnet and starts producing the uniform field in the airgap.
 With the switching of windings as high and low signals, corresponding windings is
energize as north pole an south pole
 The permamanent rotor with north and south poles align with stator poles a using motor
to rotate.
 The motor produces torque because of the development of attraction forces and
repulsion forces.
 The motor continuous rotation depends on the switching around the coils.

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Advantages : Disadvantages :

 High efficiency  Hih cost

 Hih level control is needed  Operates at low speed
 Long life  Requires complex drive
circuitry
4. Explain with a neat sketch of DC motor. Write the merits and demerits.
 It converts electrical energy into mechanical energy by machine
Construction :
 Rotor (or) armature: it is cylinder of magnetic laminations that are insulate from one
another. The armature is a rotating part that rotates on the axis.
 Stator (or) field coil: it is a stationary part on which winding is wound to produce a
magnetic field.
 Commutator: it is cylindrical structure. It is supply electrical current to the armature
windings.

 Brushes: it is made with graphite and carbon structure. The commutator and the brush
unit are used to transmitting the power from the static electrical circuit to the
mechanically rotating rotor.

Working :

 When a Current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field, it experiences a

mechanical force.
 The direction of this force is given by the Flemmings left hand rule and its magnitude,
Manetic force, F = BIL Newton
Where, B = Magnetic flux density
I = current
L = conuctor length
 When an electric current passes through a coil in a magnetic fiel, the magnetic force
produces a torque that turns the DC motor.

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Torque and power limitations :

Advantages : Disadvantages :
 More efficient  High initial cost
 High start up power  Poor speed control an
 Protection is very easy regulation
 Always need a load before
running

5. Explain the architecture of A) series hybrid electric drive B) parallel electric drive
train.
A) Series hybrid electric drive
 It has two power sources feed a single plant that propels the vehicle.
 A fuel tank and an engine are coupled to an electric generator. The output of the electric
generator is connected to an electric power bus through an electric converter

 The bidirectional energy source is an electrochemical battery pack. It is connected to the

bus by means of a DC/DC converter.
 The Electric power bus is also connected to the controller of the electric traction motor.
 The drivetrain may need a battery charger for charge the batteries by a wall plug-in from
the power network.
 Operational mode: pure electric mode, pure engine mode, hybrid mode, battery chargin
mode, hybrid battery charging mode.
Advantages: Disadvantages :
 Efficient  Large tractive drive system.
 Long life  Requirement of proper algorithm.
 No Emission

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 B) Parallel hybrid electric drive
 It is drivetrain in which the engine supplies its power mechanically to the wheels like in a
conventional ICE powered vehicles.
 It is assisted by an electric power that is mechanically coupled to the transmission. The
power of the engine and electric motor are coupled together by mechanical coupling.

 It connects both the ICE and the motor in parallel to the wheels.the engine and the motor
both can run through the mechanical coupling.
 Mechanical torque coupling has two inputs, one is from the engine and another one is
from the electric motor.
 The mechanical torque coupling outputs to the mechanical transmission.
Advantages : Disadvantages :
 Zero emission  Expensive
 More flexibility  Complex control.
 Economic gain

6. Explain the architecture of series-parallel hybrid electric drive train.

 It acquires an additional mechanical link compared to the series type or an extra
generator when compared to the parallel type.
 The Planetary gear unit connects the engine, motor and transmission together the sun
gear is connected to the generator.
 The output shaft of the motor is connected to the ring gear. The ICE is coupled to the
planetary carrier and the pinion gear keeps the whole system connected.
 The clutch 1 is used to couple or decouple the engine from the ring gear.lock1 is use to
lock the sun gear and the rotor of the electric motor to the vehicle frame.

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  Lock2 is use to lock the ring gear to the vehicle frame. Clutch2 is use to couple or
decouple the sun gear to or from the ring gear.
 The Transmission is riven by the carrier od the planetary gear unit through a gear the
arrangement of series-parallel hybrid drietrain with planetary gear system.
Advantages : Disadvantages:
 Compare to good
 Expensive
 Easy handling
 More complex

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 UNIT – 3 (ENERGY STORAGES CHARGING SYSTEMS, EFFECTS & IMPACTS)

3 MARKS :
1. Define battery pack.
 Battery cells come in fixed voltages and capacities. If we need more voltage we can
deal with multiples of the cell voltages.
 All Ni-Cd cells are 1.2 volts nominal, lead acid is 2 volts nominal and various
lithium technologies are about 3.6 volts per cell.
2. Define constant current & constant voltage charging.
 Constant current charging – it vary the voltage applied to the battery and also
maintain a constant current flow. Switching off the battery when the voltage reaches
the level of fuel charge.
 Constant voltage charging – it allows the full current of the charger to flow into the
battery until the power supply reaches its preset voltages the current will then taper
down to a minimum value one that voltage level is reached.
3. Mention the types of battery.
 Lead acid battery
 Nickel based battery
 Lithium based battery
4. What is meant by V2G?
 V2G – Voltage to Grid
 It is a method where the EV can provide power to the grid in this system the vehicles
at as loads when they are energy an it can become dynamic energy storage by
feeding back the energy to the grid
5. Explain the series connection of batteries.
 Connecting the batteries in series is to increase the overall voltage of the battery
system and this connection doesnot increase the capacity.
 To configure the batteries with a series connection each battery must have a voltage
and capaity rating otherwise the batteries may be damaged.
6. Write the effects of electric vehicle (EV).
 Vehicles may serve the purpose of transportation but they affect a lot of other areas.
Therefore the vehicle would impacts the environment and economy.
 EVs are gaining popularity because of the benefits they promise in all areas.
7. Write a short notes on voltage sag.
 A decrease in there RMS value of voltage for half a cycle or 1 min is denote as
voltage sag.
 It can be cause by overload or during the starting of electric machines.
8. Compare the different types of wireless charging system.
 Inductive power transfer
 Capacitive power transfer
 Permanent magnet coupling power transfer
 On-line inductive power transfer
 Resonant inductive power transfer

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 9. Define SoC & SoH.
 SoC – State of Charge is defined as the ratio of remaining capacity to the fully
charged capacity
 SoH – State of Health is the important indicator of life of the battery
10. Specify the chemical reaction of lead acid batteries during charging.

PbSO4 + PbSO4 + 2H2O PbO2 + Pb + 2H2SO4 + 2H+

11. Draw the block diagram of BMS.

14 MARKS :

1. Explain with a neat sketch of lead acid battery systems.

 This battery converts chemical energy into electrical energy using sponge lead and lead
peroxide. Hence it is called lead acid battery.
Diagram :

 Main parts are Plates (+ve electrode, -ve electrode), separator, electrolyte, plasic box with
hard rubber.
 Positive plate – made of lead oxide. It is brown in color.
 Negative plate – made of pure lead. It will be a soft sponge
 Separator – It is a non-conductive material. These are used to separate +ve plate and –ve
plate.
 Electrolyte – is a mixture of water and sulfuric acid.
 Discharge: A chemical reaction takes place when the lead acid cell discharges. This leads to
formation of lead sulphate on both the plates and the electrolyte becomes water.
 The chemical reaction during charging is the reverse of discharging.

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Charging :
 When sulfuric acid dissolves, it splits into +Ve hydrogen ion (2H+) and -Ve sulphate ion
(SO4-).
 DC supply is given by keeping both the electrodes immersed in the solution.
 Thus (2H+) moves towards cathode when DC supply is applied.
 Also SO4 ions move towards anode.
 So during charging, lead cathode – lead, lead anode – lead becomes peroxide. Now its color
will be chocolate color.

Chemical reaction during discharging :

 The cell discharges when the load is connected.
 The direction of current flowing now is opposite to the direction of flow during charging
 Discharge is the overall chemical reaction
Pb + PbO2 + 2H+ + 2H2SO4 → 2PbSO4 + 2H2O
2. Explain with a neat sketch of nickel based battery systems.
 Nickel is a lighter metal than lead. Hence it has excellent electrochemical properties
required for battery applications.
 Types, 1) nickel – iron 2) nickel – cadmium 3) nickel zing 4) nickel – metal hydride
Nickel-iron battery :
 In this battery +Ve electrode nickel hydroxyl-oxide, -Ve electrode metallic iron and
electrolyte  potassium hydroxide solution.
 Its open circuit voltage is 1.37V.
 Chemical reaction of charging & discharging
 2NiOOH + 2H2O + Fe ←→ 2Ni(OH)2 + Zn(OH)2
 This battery has the problem of gas emission/scorching and self-discharge. In this the water
level should be maintained properly.
 It is complex, high cost and high power density.
Nickel-cadmium battery :
 In this battery +Ve electrode  nickel hydroxyl-oxide, -Ve electrode metallic cadmium
and electrolyte potassium hydroxide solution.
 Chemical reaction of charging & discharging
 2NiOOH + H2O + Cd ←→2Ni(OH)2 + Cd(OH)2

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  Two types, 1) vented – modern type/higher cost 2) non-vented – less maintenance required.
Nickel-metal hydride battery :
 This battery has +Ve electrode  nickel oxy-hydroxide and -Ve electrode  metallic
hybride
 Chemical reaction of charging & discharging
 MH + NiOOH  M + Ni(OH)2
 The nominal voltage of this battery is 1.2V.
 Specific energy is 65Wh/kg. The specific power is 200W/kg.
 This type of battery is widely used in EV and HEV.
3. Explain with a neat sketch of lithium based battery systems.
 Lithium is lighter than metals. Types are 1) lithium polymer 2) lithium-iron.
Lithium polymer (Li-P) Battery :
 In this battery +Ve electrode  transition metal intercalation oxide (MYOY), -Ve
electrode LIithium metal and electrolyte – polymer.
 Chemical reaction takes place
 xLi + MYOY ←→ LiMYOY
 Its nominal voltage is 3V, specific energy is 155 wh/kg, and specific power is 315 w/kg.
Lithium – iron (LI-Ion) battery :
 In this battery +Ve electrode  lithiated transition metal intercalation oxide (MYOY),
-Ve electrode lithiated carbon intercalation material, electrolyte  liquid organic
solution or solid polymer.
 Electro-Chemical reaction
LiX C + Li1-X + MYOZ ←→ C + LiMYOz
 Its nominal voltage is 4V, specific energy is 120 wh/kg, and specific power is 260 w/kg.
Merits :
 Low Automatic Discharge
 Available in many shape / size
 Secure design.
Demerits :
 Poor low temperature performance
4. Explain about battery charging techniques.
 Electric batteries that provide the power required to run an electric vehicle are available in
many models of various sizes and capacities.
 Some methods are constant voltage, constant current, trickle charging, and battery swapping
techniques, DC charging.
Constant voltage :
 Constant voltage charging – where the power supply allows the full current of the charger
to pass through the battery until it reaches its preset voltage level. After that the current is
reduced to minimum once the voltage level is reached.
Constant current :
 In which the amount of voltage supplied to the battery varies and the amount of current
remains constant. The battery should be switched off when the voltage reaches full charge.

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Trickle Charing:
 It charges the battery using constant voltage or constant current method even when the
battery is fully charged according to its self discharge level.
 The charger should be turned off after a certain time to prevent the battery from
overcharging.
Battery swapping techniques
 These are replacing a discharged battery in an electric vehicle with a fully charged battery.
 That means exchanging a discharged battery and a fully charged battery.
DC Charging:
 DC charger is used in fast chargers for electric vehicles. In this AC power is converted to
DC power before the power is supplied to the vehicle.
 After that the DC Power is directly fed to the vehicle battery without going to the vehicle
converter.
5. Explain the cell series and parallel connection to develop battery pack
Series connection :
 The overall voltage can be increased by connecting the batteries together. Its capacity is not
increased by this connection.
 All batteries used in this connection should have the same voltage and capacity. Failure to
do so may damage the batteries.
 Connecting batteries in series requires connecting the +Ve terminal of one battery to the –
Ve terminal of the next battery. It is series connection.
 In which only the voltage increases, the capacitance does not change.
 The negative terminal of the first battery and the positive terminal of the last battery
together act as the lead terminal of the battery pack.

Parallel connection :
 By connecting two or more batteries in parallel, its overall capacity is increased. But the
voltage does not change.
 To connect in parallel mode +Ve terminal of all batteries should be connected together with
a separate wire.
 Similarly all the –Ve terminals should be connected together with another wire.
 One of these acts as the load terminal of the battery pack along with the +Ve terminal and
negative terminal of the battery.
 Its capacity only increases, voltage does not change.

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Series-parallel connection:
 This method increases both voltage and capacity.
 In which 4 or more batteries are connected both in series and parallel.
 Thus the voltage level increases and the capacity level increases.

6. Explain the impacts on A) environment B) economy C) power grid.

Impacts on environment:
 An important objective of increasing the number of EVs is to reduce green house gas
emission.
 EVs and electric power should be combined to reduce CO2 emission from transportation.
 EVs generate very little noise. So the amount of sound pollution is reduced a lot. It
decreases drastically in urban areas.
 Batteries are recycled in some companies.
 Lithium-ion batteries can be recycled.
Impacts on economy:
 The cost of operation of EVs is low due to their high efficiency. Its efficiency is up to 70
percent.
 The cost of EVs is expected to decrease in the near future by producing EVs in very large
quantities and developing better policies for ENERGY.
 Benefits can be derived from EVs. And in this, other better power saving strategies can be
established like integration of renewable sources.
Impacts on power grid:
 Automotive has developed rapidly in recent years due to low carbon, environmental
protection, low cost and low noise.
 The government is also focusing more and more on developing electric vehicles.
 Connecting a very large number of electric vehicles to the grid for charging at the same time
without any control can affect the operation and planning of the power system.

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 a) negative impacts
b) positive impacts
c) integration of renewable energy sources
7. Explain the role of battery management system (BMS).

 It is an electronic system. This ensures that a rechargeable battery can operate safely and
efficiently.
 It is designed to monitor batterypack and cell related parameters. Through this, hazards are
identified and eliminated.
 Electric vehicles run on high voltage Lithium-ion battery packs. It has high energy density.
 Such batteries are prone to fire under extreme conditions.
 It evaluates the state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) of the battery pack using the
information collected.
 The SoC determines how much energy is in the battery and how far it can go.
 SoH calculates how the current state of the battery corresponds to its actual energy.
 EMS does not only monitor and control batteries, but also interfaces with the vehicle
controller through CAN (Controller area network).
 This can also be done to prevent the battery from running when the vehicle is stolen.

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 UNIT – 4 (ELECTRIC MOBILITY POLICY FRAME WORK)

3 MARKS :
1. Write the advantages of EV eco system.
 They offering a steady source of electricity required for the EV eco system.
 It has a huge scope for upgradation and expansion for producing electric vehicles.
 It reduces overall pollution in addition in local air pollution.
2. Explain about the protection against the electric shock.
 In the event of an unexpected electric shock to anyone, the bystanders should immediately
disconnect the electricity supply from the place where he was struck.
 Appropriate safety procedures and first aid training should be provided to persons working
in high voltage plants.
3. List the scope and applicability of EV policy.
 Vehicles, companies an charing infrastructure firms need to fulfil the FAME II guidelines
issued by ministrty of heavy industry. Government of India as mandated and in order to be
eligible for demand side incentives from the state government.
 Charing infrastructure and its components should fulfil the guidelines and norms issued by
ministry power, government of india.
4. Mention the need of EV policy.
 It includes targeting the number of EVs, road tax and registration charge..
 It have less maintenance, higher efficiency, lower fuel cost and lower operational cost
makes EVs economical than ICE vehicles
 It have running cost is low.
5. Define electric mobility policy frame work.
 The government policies include targetting the number of electric vehicles, road tax and
registration charge attemptions.
 The term electric mobility stands for forms of movement using electric motors.
6. Define electric vehicle fleet.
 An electric vehicle fleet contains vehicles that run partially or completely on electric
battery power.
 EV fleets can include battery electric vehicles and plug in hybrid electric vehicles.
 EVs are a more sustainable option compared to internal combustion engine vehicle.
7. Specify the various types of AIS standards.
 AIS – Automotive Industry Standards
 AIS - 038
 AIS - 039
 AIS – 123
8. Specify the important trends that will impact fleet electrifications.
 The EV price tag will continue to drop as battery costs fall.
 Update the policy and regulation.
 Collaboration accelerates EV adoption
 EVs to dominate share mobility services.

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 9. Explain about the action led by OEM’s.
 It is define as a company whose goods are used as components in the products of
another company which then sells the finished item to the user.
 Several OEMs have announced targets for the production and sales of EVs.
10. List the scope of AIS 038, AIS 039 & AIS 123.
 AIS – 038 = this standard specifies the requirements for the construction and functional
safety of battery operarte vehicles for the purpose of establishing compliance to statutory
requirementrs.
 AIS – 039 = this standard specifies the method of measurement of electrical energy
consumption of battery operated vehicles. This also use to verify the performance of the
vehicle will that declare by the manufacturer.
 AIS – 123 = this standard lays own the requirements specific to vehicles retrofitted with
hybrid electric system of M1, M2 and N1 category of vehicles.
11. State the steps to be taken for getting AIS certificate.
 Comprehensive application with require document
 Product testing in india
 Onsite production inspection
 Ranting of AIS certification upon successful application
 Marking with the AIS certification mark.

14 MARKS :

1. Explain about global scenario of EV adoption.

 As per the estimation by international energy agency, 2018 globally the annual sales
of new electric cars surpasses 10 lakhs in 2017. The states of electric buses touchéd
almost 1 lakhs of two wheelers, almost 3 crores for the same year.

 Interms of total EV stock, IEA estimates more than 3 lakhs cars, 33.7 lakh buses and
around 25 crore two wheelers to be existing globally.

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  Factors such as growing demand for low emission and overnment supporting long
range, zero emission vehicles through subsides an tax rebates have compelled the
manufacturers to provide electric vehicles around the world.
 Increasing investments by overnments across the globe will develop EV charing
stations.
 Due to technological advancements and the production of EV batteries on a mass
scale in large volume the cost of EV batteries had been decreaising.
 There is a low number of EV charging stations in many countries around the world.
Many countries are working on developing EV charing infrastructure
 The countries around the world have set up targets of around 2050 to reduce vehicle
emissions. They have started promoting the development and sales of EVs and
related charing infrastructure.
 Overnment need to standardize charing infrastructure for the development of
favourable ecosystem and an increases in the sales of EVs.
 Different countries use differewnt satandards for fast charigng.
2. Explain the trends and future development of EV market.
 Electric mobility will only live up to the hopes pinned on it if the price of vehicles
an batteries falls, charing networks grow an also become more intelligent.
 Companies and researches are continuously working to enhance batteries. Better
batteries will increase the range and reduce charing time.
 According to survey, traffic is responsible for 24% of all CO2 emissions worldwide.
Electric vehicles counter that unlike gasoline an diesel vehicles.
 Intelligent transportation system is a combination of information and communication
technologies.
 It is applies in transportation networks and infrastructure to facilitate vehicle to
vehicle, vehicle to charing station communication.
 This helps in enhancing safety, traffic managements and environmental
performance.
 The 6 important trends that will impact fleet electrification are shown below,
a) The EV price will continue to drop as battery costs fall.
b) Electrification will spread into the heavier vehicle segments.
c) Update the policy and regulation
d) Increase in public charger availability an capacity
e) Collaboration accelerates EV adoptation
f) EVs to dominate shared mobility services.
3. Explain the mobility policy frame work of government of India.
 The government policies include targetting the number of electric vehicles, road tax and
registration charge attemptions.
 The term electric mobility stands for forms of movement using electric motors.
 Cars, buses, commercial vehicle, trains, bicycle, ships and smaller aircrafts can be powered
by electrical energy.
 The information about the policy framework is given below,

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 a) The union government policies and schemes encourage the use of electric
vehicles an incentives manufactures.
b) About 50% of Indian states have state policies for promoring the use of EVs
c) Concessions to users include a financial subsidy on purchase, exemption from
road tax, charges and low interest rates on loans.
d) Initiative may be given for bulk purchasing of Evs for the public sector, personal
and public transport entities.
e) The infrastructure is develop for battery and vehicle manufacturing, charging
stations and scrapping centers.
4. Explain about EV eco system.
 The electric vehicle eco system is composed of electric vehicle and charging station.
 The electric vehicles are classified by how electricity is used to power the vehicle.
A) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV): these are powered by an internal combustion
engine and electric power. Batteries are change via regenerating braking an
optionally by a generator connected to the ICE.
B) Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) : these are hybrid electric vehicles. So
they have an ICE, and they have an onboard charger. That allows the batteries to be
charge from an external electric power source.
C) Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV): these vehicles use 100% of electric power.
Batteries charge from external electric power source and regenerating braking.
 The charing infrastructure includes all the hardware and software that ensures energy
is transferred from the electric grid to the vehicle.
 Based on type of voltage, the charing stations are classified as AC charing station
and DC charing station
 The DC charging stations are used for fast charging.
5. Explain the ARAI standards for electric vehicles.
 ARAI – Automotive Research Association Of India
 ARAI is set up by the automotive industry with the government of India.
 ARAI is an autonomous by affiliate to the ministry of heavy industries, government
of India.
 Department of scientific and industrial research, ministry of science and technology,
government of India has recognize ARAI as a scientific and industrial research
organisation.
 Further ARAI is a prime testing and certification agency notifies by government of
India
 ARAI approval is done on the basis of compents tests, engine tests, vehicle tests and
other requirements.
 Vehicle type approval is the confirmation that production samples of a type of
vehicle, vehicle system, component or separate technical will meet specified
performance standards.
 ARAI is authorized agency for testing and certifying the vehicles and engines use
for both automotive and non-automotive applications.

31
 6. Explain about AIS standards
 AIS – Automotive Industry Standards. It is a technical automotive standard for India.
 It is issued by the ministry of road transport and highways, which is the ministry
regulatin the automotive sector in India.
 AIS certification was introduce in 1989 with the adaptation of India general motor
vehicles rules.
 The following steps should be taken for getting certificate,
a) Comprehensive application with required document
b) Product testing in india
c) Onsite production inspection
d) Rating of AIS certification upon successful application
e) Marking with the AIS certification mark.
Types :
 AIS – 038 = this standard specifies the requirements for the construction and functional
safety of battery operate vehicles for the purpose of establishing compliance to statutory
requirements.
 AIS – 039 = this standard specifies the method of measurement of electrical energy
consumption of battery operated vehicles. This also use to verify the performance of the
vehicle will that declare by the manufacturer.
 AIS – 123 = this standard lays own the requirements specific to vehicles retrofitted with
hybrid electric system of M1, M2 and N1 category of vehicles

32
 UNIT – 5 (TAMILNADU E-VEHICLE POLICY 2019)
3 MARKS :
1. List the objectives of Tamil Nadu EV policy.

Create a pool of skilled workforce for the EV industry through the technical institutions
available in tamilnadu and create new jobs in the EV industry.
 Create a conductive environment for industry and research institutions.
 Recycle and recuse the used batteries and dispose the rejected batteries in an
environment friendly manner to avoid pollution.
2. Explain the recycling eco-system of battery.

The government will encourage the reuse of EV batteries, that have reached its end of life.
The recycling business is setup in collaboration with battery and EV manufacturers.
 It focus on urban mining of rare materials within the battery for reuse by battery
manufacturers. Charging stations operations will be encourage to operate as end of life
battery recycling agencies..
3. Mention the demand side incentives for private cars.

Private car owners shall be encourage to swich over to electric cars

Waiver on registration charges/fees will be done as per government of india‟s
notifications
 Road tax exemption will be enhance from 50% to 100% till 30.12.2022
4. Explain the recycling eco-system of EV’s.

The government will encourage the reuse of EV batteries that have reached its end of
life.
 The recycling business is setup in collaboration with battery and EV manufacturers.
 It focus on urban mining of rare materials within the battery for reuse by battery
manufacturers.
5. Explain the city building codes.

All existing apartments associations with more than 50 families will be encouraged to
provide charging points in parking lots.
 Existing residentiasl townships with more than 500 families will be encourage to install
charging stations.
6. Write a short note on charging structure.

A high level committee shall be formed to monitor the implementation of E-vehicle with
Chief secretary, government of tamilnadu as the chairman with the below mentioned
committe members.
a) Additional chief secretary, home department
b) Principal secretary, transport department
c) Principal secretary, finance department
7. Define policy measures of electric cars & two wheelers.
 Nearly 25 lakhs personal cars have been registered in tamilnadu so for nearly 85% of vehicle
population is two wheeler. It enables fast charging through standard charging infrastucture.

33
 8. Define policy measures of electric vehicles in share mobility & goods carries.
 Shared mobility - Within a span of 10 years the state will promote conversion of all auto
rickshaws in six major cities of Chennai, Coimbatore, trichy, maurai, salem and tirunelveli to
electric vehicles.
 Goods carrier : Small commercial vehicles use for delivering liht loads will be encouraged to
EVs. E-commerce and delivery components in tamilnadu will be encouraged to transistion
their vehicles to EVs gradually
9. Define supply side incentives to promote EV manufacturing
 The condition of eligibility for availing incentives shall be that the units manage in EV, their
components or charing infrastructure manufacture shall make investments above 5 crores.
 The incentives will include the following
a) Reimbursement of SGST
b) Capital subsidy
c) Electricity tax exemption
d) Stamp duty exemption
10. Define business incubation.
 The government of tamilnadu will encourage start-ups E-vehicle sector.
 It will offer incubation services to them in the form of office spaces, common facilities
and monitoring support.
14 MARKS :
1. Explain the recycling eco-system of battery & EV’s
 The government will encourage the reuse of EV batteries, that have reached its end of
life.
 The recycling business is setup in collaboration with battery and EV manufacturers.
 It focus on urban mining of rare materials within the battery for reuse by battery
manufacturers.
 Charging stations operations will be encourage operating as end of life battery recycling
agencies.
 Battery vehicle owners can deposit their vehicle batteries that reached their end of life.
 The government of tamilnadu will invite battery recycling business. After consultation
with stakeholders, appropriate protocols and investment subsides shall be notified by
the government of tamilnadu.
 OEMs should take responsibility of recycling of old batteries and its components.
2. Explain the need and objectives of EV policy.
 It is the vision of the government of tamilnadu to attract Rs.50,000 crore of investment
in EV manufacturing and create a comprehensive EV ecosystem in the state.
 This investment is expected to create 1.5 lakh new jobs. The objectives of EV policy is
described below
a) Create robust infrastructure for electric vehicles, including adequate power supply
and networks of charging points with favorable power tariff.

34
 b) Promote innovation in EV for automotive and shared mobility by providing the eco
system and infrastructure to make tamilnadu, the EV hub of India.
c) Create a pool of skilled workforce for the EV industry through the technical
institutions available in tamilnadu and create new jobs in the EV industry.
d) Create a conductive environment for industry and research institutions.
e) Recycle and reuse the used batteries and dispose the rejected batteries in an
environment friendly manner to avoid pollution.
3. Explain the EV charging structure.

A high level committee shall be formed to monitor the implementation of E-vehicle with
Chief Secretary, government of tamilnadu as the chairman with the below mentioned
committe members.
a) Additional chief secretary, home department
b) Principal secretary, transport department
c) Principal secretary, finance department
d) Principal secretary, energy department
e) Principal secretary, industries department
f) Principal secretary, MA & WS department
g) Chairman, TANGEDCO
h) MD&CEO tamilnadu industrial guidance bureau
i) Upto five experts from various fields pertaining to E-vehicles manufacture, battery,
charing etc.
4. Explain the policy measures of Electric vehicle.
 The government of tamilnadu will focus on policy interventions intended to encourage EV
manufacturing as well as Ev marketing in the state.
Policy measures for cars & two wheeler :
 Nearly 25 lakhs personal cars have been registered in tamilnadu so for nearly 85% of vehicle
population is two wheeler.
 It enables fast charging through standard charging infrasttucture.
Policy measures of electric vehicles in share mobility.
 Within a span of 10 years the state will promote conversion of all auto rickshaws in six major
cities of Chennai, Coimbatore, trichy, maurai, salem and tirunelveli to electric vehicles.
Policy measures for goods carrier:
 Small commercial vehicles used for delivering light loads will be encouraged to converted
EVs. E-commerce and delivery components in tamilnadu will be encouraged to transistion
their vehicles to EVs gradually.
Policy measures in educational institution :
 There are nearly 32,000 buses, mini buses and vans run by educational institutions such as
schools and colleges in the state.
 These institutional vehicles will be encouraged to transition all their vehicles to EVs gradually.
Policy measures in public transport :
 Around 21,000 public transport buses are operated by state transport undertakings in the state.

35
 It will strive to replace 5% of buses as EV every year and around 1000 EV buses may be
introduced every year.
5. Write a short note on demand side incentives.

Incentives for purchase of electric two wheelers

Incentives for three seater auto rickshaws.

Incentives for transport vehicles such as taxi, tourist cars etc.

Incentives for light goos carriers

Incentives for private cars

Incentive an support for charging stations
6. Explain supply side incentives to promote EV manufacturing
 The government of tamilnadu offers attractive incentives to promote new industrial
investments in the state under the tamilnadu industrial policy.
 The manufacturer of electric vehicles, their auto components, particularly EV batteries will be
provide a special package of incentives
 The condition of eligibility for availing incentives shall be that the units manage in EV,
their components or charing infrastructure manufacture shall make investments above 5 crores.
 The incentives will include the following
a) Reimbursement of SGST
b) Capital subsidy
c) Electricity tax exemption
d) Stamp duty exemption
e) Subsidy on cost of land
f) Employment incentive
g) Special package for EV battery manufacturing
h) Creation of EV parts an vendor ECO system
i) Special incentives for the MSME
j) Transition support
k) Institutional mechanism

36