Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
Download as docx, pdf, or txt
You are on page 1/ 11
ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ
TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC NGOẠI NGỮ
KHOA: QUỐC TẾ HỌC
FINAL TERM ESSAY
HỌC PHẦN: VĂN HÓA VÙNG MIỀN Ở
MỸ
Sinh viên thực hiện : NGUYỄN THỊ ÁNH NGUYỆT
Mã sinh viên : 20F7060019
Nhóm học phần : NHÓM 1
Giảng viên phụ trách : CAO LÊ THANH HẢI
Huế, ngày 06 tháng 06 năm 2023 INTRODUCTION
Left Coat was one of the ancient states of America. It has a diverse landscape, from coastal beaches, redwood forests and mountains to desert and farmland. This is what the large state is commonly called Callifornia, Oregon and Washington. The climate along the left coast varies depending on the specific region and elevation. In general, the coastal areas have a Mediterranean climate, with mild, wet winters and warm, dry summers. Inland regions tend to have a semi- arid or continental climate, with hot summers and cold winters. The history of the Left Coast region is diverse and rich, with significant events and developments taking place in various aspects of society, culture, and politics. Before the arrival of Europeans, the Left Coast was home to numerous Native American tribes who had developed unique cultures and ways of life, often centered around fishing, hunting, and gathering. The Spanish and Mexican rule in California ended with the Mexican-American War in 1848, and the Oregon Treaty in 1846 established the border between the United States and British Canada. Moreover, the discovery of gold in California in 1848 led to a massive influx of people, known as the California Gold Rush. This rapid population growth transformed the region and contributed to the eventual statehood of California in 1850. The Left Coast has been a hub for counterculture movements and social change throughout the 20th century. San Francisco's Summer of Love in 1967 and the emergence of the hippie movement are prime examples. Additionally, the region has been at the forefront of civil rights activism, environmentalism, and the fight for LGBTQ+ rights. This essay will present the history of the formation of California in
1 the past and the current population development of the United States.
HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA STATES
California's history in the United States is a rich tapestry that spans
thousands of years, from its indigenous people to its Spanish colonial period, its time as Mexican territory, and finally its statehood. in the United States. California's history can be divided into the Native American period (about 10,000 years ago until 1542), the European exploration period (1542–1769), the Spanish colonial period (1769–1821), during the Mexican Republic (1823– 1848) and became a state of the United States (September 9, 1850– present). California's indigenous people have inhabited the area for more than 13,000 years, thanks to their rich land and abundant resources, native Californians never really had to face the need to develop agriculture and become settlers. Still, early native Californians developed a somewhat progressive lifestyle depending on their circumstances. From forest gardening and fire ecology to less developed forms of permaculture, California's first peoples were able to adapt to their surroundings and create a productive lifestyle according to their needs. them and sustainable overall.
California was one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse
regions in pre-Columbian North America. The Spanish named it Alta California, meaning “Upper California.” The borders of Alta California
2 are largely undefined, and Spanish territorial claims in the area included most of what is now the western United States. The colonization and evangelization of Alta California can be considered one of the last attempts by the Spanish Crown to expand its empire in North America. After contact with Spanish explorers, many Native Americans died from foreign diseases and genocidal campaigns.
After Mexico gained independence in 1821, California came under
the administration of the First Mexican Empire. Under Mexican rule, large cattle ranches and farms known as ranchos were settled in the region. Additionally, people began moving into the area to trap and trade beaver fur. Fearing the influence of the Roman Catholic church on their newly independent nation, the Mexican government closed all missions and nationalized church assets. They left behind a "Californio" population of several thousand families, along with several small military garrisons.
After the Mexican-American War of 1846–1848, the Mexican
Republic was forced to relinquish all claims to California to the United States. In 1846, the United States Congress officially declared war on Mexico. The United States wished to annex California, and before the war began, they readied the U.S. Navy's Pacific Squadron. After a successful uprising carried out primarily by American settlers against the Californians and their garrison in Sonoma, the Republic of California was declared.
The Gold Rush opened a chapter in California history that would
forever transform the region. By 1849, California had drafted and voted on its own state constitution. One year later, California officially became an American state. Although the Gold Rush brought significant wealth and progress to the region, it also caused serious damage, such as increasing alienation and abuse of indigenous peoples. California became the 31st United State in the Compromise of 1850 and played a minor role in the American Civil
3 War. Chinese immigrants were increasingly attacked by nativists; they were forced to left industry and agriculture for Chinatowns in larger cities. After the Gold Rush, California underwent one of the most astonishing transformations in modern history. Combined with expansion and development in agriculture and transportation, especially railroads, the state went from a scattered and insignificant territory to a powerhouse in the United States. California today is one of the largest, wealthiest, most populous, and most advanced states in the entire United States. If it became independent, its economy would be so vast that it would be the world's fifth largest.
CALIFORNIA'S POPULATION AND RELATED ISSUES
California is the most populous state in the United States and the third largest by area. With a population of more than 39 million, the California Department of Treasury currently predicts the state's population will reach 40.2 million in 2044 and then decline to 39.6
4 million in 2060. Since 2000, California has experienced through the slowest growth rate ever recorded. From 2010 to 2020, California's population increased by 5.8% (or 2.4 million people), according to decennial census data. This was slower than the growth rate in the rest of the country (6.8%), resulting in the first loss of seats in the US House of Representatives in the state of California. These recent rates are significantly lower than growth throughout the 20th century. From 1900 to 1950, California's population increased from less than 2 million to 10 million. It more than tripled in the second half of the century, reaching 34 million in 2000, and its growth rate was much higher than in the rest of the United States.
Between July 2020 and July 2023, California's population lost
433,000 people. The number of residents moving to other states hit an all-time high during the pandemic, and international migration fell to its lowest level in decades (according to Treasury Department estimates). However, recent estimates show net immigration to California increased significantly from July 2022 to July 2023, with a net increase of 116,000 compared to a net decrease of 22,000 from April 2020 to July 2021. The population decline was widespread, with 47 of the state's 58 counties experiencing losses from July 2020 to July 2023.
Below is an illustrative chart:
5 No race or ethnic group makes up a majority of California's population: 40% of Californians are Latino, 35% are white, 15% are Asian American or Pacific Islander, 5% are Black, 4% are multiracial and less than 1% are Indigenous. American or Alaska Native, according to the 2022 American Community Survey. Only five other states (Hawaii, New Mexico, Texas, Nevada and Maryland) have similarly diverse populations. More than half of young Californians (52% of those 24 and under) are Latino. In contrast, more than half of people 65 and older are white (53%).
6 According to the 2022 American Community Survey, 27% of Californians were born abroad — more than double the rate of the rest of the country (12%). Some other states have relatively high proportions: New Jersey (24%), New York (23%) and Florida (22%). More than half (54%) of foreign-born Californians are naturalized U.S. citizens, compared with 39% in 2000. Most other immigrants are legal permanent residents.
In fact, California was a bit more youthful than the nation's median age, at 36.2 years and 37.8 years respectively (2016 numbers.) Also, 63% of all the people in the state in 2016 were in the 18–64 age range. That percentage is expected to decline modestly by 2060. California population projections from the California Department of Finance reflect the slow growth estimates. The agency predicted the state would hit the 40 million mark in 2018, 45 million in 2035, and 50 million in 2055. But slower than expected growth pushed that number back, and the state still had not reached 40 million residents by May 2019, the Los Angeles Times reported. Even lower birthrates than expected were blamed, mostly because
7 of decreased immigration from Latin America and higher immigration from Asia, where educational levels were higher and parenthood was put off for career.
According to PPIC, California's loss of congressional seats is
unprecedented, but the outcome could have been worse. Updated population estimates show that if congressional districts had been apportioned more recently, the state might have lost three seats instead of one. Additionally, slow or negative population growth in some areas of the state—including Los Angeles County and most rural areas—has reduced representation in those places relative to other areas. growing faster like the Inland Empire or the Sacramento metropolitan area. While most migration out of California is due to personal and financial factors, PPIC's Statewide Survey found that those with conservative leanings are more likely to express a desire to leave the state than. Even a modest partisan imbalance in out- migration could gradually shift California's population to the left.
Above are some data reports on the population increase and
decrease of the state of California from the past - when this place was officially an American state, until the present.
REFERENCES: 1, Francisco Perpuli, BA History, (2022). A Brief History of California, Dating Back to Native Americans. The Collector.
