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    Gaps

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    ayanicolebertulano0502

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    Gaps

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    Gaps

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    Future investigation on the potential ways to improve the overall quality of


    plant fibers leading key changes besides their successive potential imminent
    applications in different composite grounded industries has also been desired. As a
    whole, the current review paper undoubtedly provides a significant understanding of
    the overall processing performances of frequently used plant fibers, regarding a
    robust database for the production of sustainable ecofriendly bio-based strong
    polymeric composite materials particularly. (Rahman et al., 2023)
    However, due to their inherent hydrophilic nature and natural variability,
    these materials struggle to meet the necessary mechanical and thermal properties
    required for semistructural and structural members. To realise the full potential of
    these sustainable lightweight composites, overcoming their drawbacks through the
    understanding the fibre morphologies, fundamental structure property relationships
    and the enhancement of fibre-matrix adhesion are crucial. A hybrid approach can be
    employed to overcome some of the drawbacks found in natural FRP composites. For
    example, with a hybrid approach, the water repellence behaviour along with
    mechanical and long-term durability characteristics of natural FRP composites can
    be significantly improved. In order to fully exploit the hybrid approach,
    understanding the hybridisation design, critical processing parameters,
    manufacturing processes and various fibre optimisation techniques is important. (a)
    understanding the evolution of thermal stresses arising from the mismatch of two or
    more fibre types in a single matrix. Moreover, the overall performance of hybrid
    composites largely depends on the properties of individual fibres and their qualities,
    (b) an in-depth understanding of the interaction between the hybrid reinforcements,
    their thermal expansion relationships and synergic mechanisms is crucial. Problems
    associated with long term exposure to various environmental conditions such as UV
    radiation and cryogenic conditions are essential to designing and developing
    structural natural FRP composites so that these materials are resilient in harsh
    environments, (c) to fully realise the potential of these composites, understanding
    manufacturing parameters and the development of costeffective manufacturing
    techniques is important. The morphological structure and property variation and
    heterogeneity of fibres bring further challenges in designing and modelling of these
    new classes of lightweight composite materials and (d) better understanding of the
    end-of-life options of these composites using LCA in comparison to conventional
    composites incorporating key mechanical and thermal properties is important.
    Often, reliable inventory data is not available for these novel materials. Other
    inherent issues such as long-term durability and improving compatibility between
    hydrophilic reinforcements and hydrophobic matrices still pose a challenge when
    making maximum use of natural FRP composites. The understanding of end-of-life
    of hybrid composites brings a further challenge as various types of reinforcements
    are comprised in hybrid composites, which requires the use of various fibre
    separation techniques when dealing with end-of-life scenarios. (Ismail et al., 2022)
    Ismail, S. O., Akpan, E., & Dhakal, H. N. (2022). Review on natural plant fibres and
    their hybrid composites for structural applications: Recent trends and future
    perspectives. Composites Part C: Open Access, 9, 100322.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcomc.2022.100322
    Rahman, M. M., Maniruzzaman, M., & Yeasmin, M. S. (2023). A state-of-the-art
    review focusing on the significant techniques for naturally available fibers as
    reinforcement in sustainable bio-composites: Extraction, processing, purification,
    modification, as well as characterization study. Results in Engineering, 20, 101511.
    https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2023.101511

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