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    Control System Lab - Exp - 1 - 2 - 3

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    Akram Hossain Ifty
    Control System lab experiments 1-3 with solution

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    Control System Lab - Exp - 1 - 2 - 3

    Uploaded by

    Akram Hossain Ifty
    3 views10 pages
    Control System lab experiments 1-3 with solution

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    Control System Lab_Exp_1_2_3

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    Control System lab experiments 1-3 with solution

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views10 pages

    Control System Lab - Exp - 1 - 2 - 3

    Uploaded by

    Akram Hossain Ifty
    Control System lab experiments 1-3 with solution

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    1 .

    TRANSFER FUNCTION FROM ZEROS AND POLES


    AIM:
    To obtain a transfer function from given poles and zeroes using MATLAB

    APPARATUS:
    Software: MATLAB

    THEORY:

    A transfer function is also known as the network function is a mathematical representation, in


    terms of spatial or temporal frequency, of the relation between the input and output of a (linear
    time invariant) system. The transfer function is the ratio of the output Laplace Transform to the
    input Laplace Transform assuming zero initial conditions. Many important characteristics of
    dynamic or control systems can be determined from the transfer function.

    The transfer function is commonly used in the analysis of single-input single-output electronic
    system, for instance. It is mainly used in signal processing, communication theory, and control
    theory. The term is often used exclusively to refer to linear time-invariant systems (LTI). In its
    simplest form for continuous time input signal x(t) and output y(t), the transfer function is the
    linear mapping of the Laplace transform of the input, X(s), to the output Y(s).

    Zeros are the value(s) for z where the numerator of the transfer function equals zero. The
    complex frequencies that make the overall gain of the filter transfer function zero. Poles are the
    value(s) for z where the denominator of the transfer function equals zero. The complex
    frequencies that make the overall gain of the filter transfer function infinite.

    The general procedure to find the transfer function of a linear differential equation from input to
    output is to take the Laplace Transforms of both sides assuming zero conditions, and to solve for
    the ratio of the output Laplace over the input Laplace.

    MATLAB PROGRAM:
    z=input(‘enter zeroes’)
    p=input(‘enter poles’)
    k=input(‘enter gain’)

    1
    [num,den]=zp2tf(z,p,k)
    tf(num,den)

    PROCEDURE:

     Write MATLAB program in the MATLAB editor document.


     Then save and run the program.
     Give the required input.
     The syntax “zp2tf(z,p,k)” and “tf(num,den)” solves the given input poles and zeros and
    gives the transfer function.
     zp2tf forms transfer function polynomials from the zeros, poles, and gains of a system in
    factored form.
    Now find the output theoretically for the given transfer function and compare it with the output
    obtained practically

    EXAMPLE:
    Given poles are -3.2+j7.8,-3.2-j7.8,-4.1+j5.9,-4.1-j5.9,-8 and the zeroes are -0.8+j0.43,-0.8-
    j0.43,-0.6 with a gain of 0.5

    THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:
    Enter zeros
    Z=

    Enter poles
    P=

    Enter gain
    K=

    2
    num =
    den =

    Transfer function=

    RESULT:

    3
    2.ZEROS AND POLES FROM TRANSFER FUNCTION

    AIM:
    To obtain zeros and poles from a given transfer function using MATLAB.

    APPARATUS:
    Software: MATLAB

    THEORY:
    The transfer function provides a basis for determining important system
    response characteristics without solving the complete differential equation. As defined, the

    transfer function is a rational function in the complex variable that is

    It is often convenient to factor the polynomials in the numerator and the


    denominator, and to write the transfer function in terms of those factors:

    where, the numerator and denominator polynomials, N(s) and

    D(s), have real coefficients defined by the system’s differential equation and .

    As written in the above equation,

    the are the roots of the equation and are defined to be the system zeros

    the are the roots of the equation and are defined to be the system poles.

    4
    MATLAB PROGRAM:
    num = input(‘enter the numerator of the transfer function’)

    den = input(‘enter the denominator of the transfer function’)


    [z,p,k] = tf2zp(num,den)

    EXAMPLE:
    Obtain the poles and zeros of the transfer function given below:

    PROCEDURE:

     Type the program in the MATLAB editor that is in M-file.


     Save and run the program.
     Give the required inputs in the command window of MATLAB in matrix format.
     tf2zp converts the transfer function filter parameters to pole-zero-gain form.
     [z,p,k] = tf2zp(b,a) finds the matrix of zeros z, the vector of poles p, and the associated
    vector of gains k from the transfer function parameters b and a:
     The numerator polynomials are represented as columns of the matrix b.
     The denominator polynomial is represented in the vector a.
     Note down the output of the program that is zeros, poles and gain obtained in MATLAB.
     The zeros, poles and gain are also obtained theoretically.

    THEORITICAL CALCULATIONS:
    Enter the numerator of the transfer function
    num =

    Enter the denominator of the transfer function

    den =

    5
    z=

    p=

    RESULT:

    6
    3.STEP RESPONSE OF A TRANSFER FUNCTION
    AIM:
    To obtain the step response of a transfer function of the given system using MATLAB.

    APPARATUS:
    Software: MATLAB

    THEORY:
    A step signal is a signal whose value changes from one level to another level in zero time.
    Mathematically, the step signal is represented as given below:

    where

    In the Laplace transform form,

    The step response of the given transfer function is obtained as follows:

    So,

    The output is given by,

    MATLAB PROGRAM:
    num = input(‘enter the numerator of the transfer function’)
    7
    den = input(‘enter the denominator of the transfer function’)
    step(num,den)

    EXAMPLE:
    Obtain the step response of the transfer function given below:

    PROCEDURE:

     Type the program in MATLAB editor that is in M-file.


     Save and run the program.
     Give the required inputs in the command window of MATLAB in matrix format.
     ‘step’ function calculates the unit step response of a linear system.
     Zero initial state is assumed in state-space case.
     When invoked with no output arguments, this function plots the step response on the
    screen.
     step (sys) plots the response of an arbitrary LTI system.
     This model can be continuous or discrete, and SISO or MIMO.
     The step response of multi-input systems is the collection of step responses for each
    input channel.
     The duration of simulation is determined automatically based on the system poles
    and zeroes.
     Note down the response of the transfer function obtained in MATLAB.
     The response of the transfer function is also obtained theoretically.
     Both the responses are compared.

    THEORETICAL CALCULATIONS:

    8
    GRAPH:

    9
    TABULAR FORM

    T C(T)
    0

    RESULT:

    10

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