A

SEMINAR REPORT
ON

“5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY”

SUBMITTED IN FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT OF
COURSE SEMINAR (TCT390)
OF
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
COMPUTER ENGINEERING
SUBMITTED BY
ARCHANA
(ID NO.: 56101)
SUBMITTED TO
PROF. CHETAN SINGH NEGI
(DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING)

COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
G.B. PANT UNIVERISTY OF AGRICULTURE AND TECHNOLOGY
PANTNAGAR, US NAGAR – 263145
(2022-23)
 PREFACE

I have made this report file on the seminar topic 5G WIRELESS

TECHNOLOGY, I have tried my best to elucidate all the relevant detail to the
topic to be included in the report. While in the beginning I have tried to give a
general view about this topic.
My efforts and wholehearted co-corporation of each and every one has ended on
a successful note. I express my sincere gratitude to my Respected sir Professor
Chetan Singh Negi, who assisting me throughout the preparation of this topic. I
thank him for providing me the reinforcement, confidence and most importantly
the track for the topic whenever I needed it.

Archana
ID No.: 56101
Branch: Computer Engineering
Batch: 2020-24
 Table Of Content
Topics

ABSTRACT

1. INTRODUCTION TO 5G TECHNOLOGY
1.1 DEFINITION
1.2 PROPERTIES

2. EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 5G
ST
2.1 1 GENERATION
ND
2.2 2 GENERATIO
RD
2.3 3 GENERATION
TH
2.4 4 GENERATION
TH
2.5 5 GENERATION
2.6 COMPARISION OF ALL GENERATION

3. KEY CONCEPT

4. HOW DOES 5G WORK?

4.1. MOBILE NETWORK WORKING
4.2. 5G NETWORK WORKING
5. HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE ARE OF 5G
5.1. HARDWARE OF 5G
5.2. SOFTWARE OF 5G

6. FEATURES, ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

6.1. FEATURES
6.2. ADVANTAGES
6.3. DISADVANTAGES
6.4. APPLICATIONS

7. CONCLUSION

8. REFERENCES
 ABSTRACT
This report provides an overview of 5G wireless technology, its features,
applications, and potential benefits. It explores the evolution of wireless
technology from 1G to the current 5G, highlighting the need for faster and
more reliable networks. The distinctive features of 5G, such as enhanced
data transfer speeds, ultra-low latency, high capacity, and network slicing,
are discussed. The report examines the potential applications of 5G across
industries such as IoT, autonomous vehicles, healthcare, AR/VR, and
smart grids. It also addresses challenges related to infrastructure, spectrum
allocation, security, and standardization. The current deployment status
and future outlook of 5G are presented, emphasizing the importance of
collaboration and regulatory frameworks. Overall, this report demonstrates
the transformative potential of 5G technology and the opportunities it
presents for various sectors.
 INTRODUCTION

TO

5G WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY

The world has seen a lot of changes in the realm of communication. Today we
no more use landlines. Everyone possesses a mobile phone that functions 24X7.
Our handsets not only keep us connected with the world at large but also serve
the purpose of entertainment gadget. From 1G to 2.5G and from 3G to 5G this
world of telecommunications has seen a number of improvements along with
improved performance with every passing day.

The 5th generation is envisaged to be a complete network for wireless

mobile internet, which has the capability to offer services for accommodating
the application potential requirements without suffering the quality. The
ultimate goal of 5G is to design a real wireless world, that is free from obstacles
of the earlier generations.
5G technology will change the manner in which cellular plans are offered
worldwide. A new revolution is about to begin. The global cell phone is around
the corner. The global mobile phone will hit the localities who can call and
access from one country to another’s local phone with this new technology. The
way in which people are communicating will altogether upgrade. The utilization
of this gadget will surely move a step ahead with improved and accessible
connectivity around the world. Your office will shrink into your handset with
this cell phone that is going to resemble PDA (personal digital assistant) of
twenty first century.

5G technology has a bright future because it can handle best technologies

 and offer priceless handset to their customers. May be in coming days 5G
technology takes over the world market. 5G Technologies have an
extraordinary capability to support Software and Consultancy. The Router and
switch technology used in 5G network providing high connectivity. The 5G
technology distributes internet access to nodes within the building and can be
deployed with union of wired or wireless network connections. The current
trend of 5G technology has a glowing future.

1. DEFINITION
5G Wireless System is a complete wireless communication with almost
no limitation; somehow people called it REAL wireless world. But till present
day 5G wireless system concept is only theory and not real, so it is not
applicable for use.

5G (5th generation mobile networks or 5th generation wireless systems) is a

technology used in research papers and projects to denote the next major phase
of mobile telecommunication standards beyond 4G. 5G is not officially used for
any specification or official document yet made public by telecommunication
companies or standardization bodies. New standard releases beyond 4G are in
progress by standardization bodies but are at this time not considered as new
mobile generations but under the 4G umbrella. The implementation of standards
under a 5G umbrella would likely be around the year of 2020.
2. PROPERTIES

 Worldwide cellular phone: Phone calls in any country can be done easily
like a local phone call.

 Extraordinary data capabilities: Data capabilities of the 5G system is

much higher than other generation so you can store a greater number of data
with less problem in storing them.

 High connectivity: Connectivity speed of 5G is almost 25 Mbps.

 More power & features in hand held phones: You'll have all features of
PDA & laptops in your mobile phone, which makes it more powerful.

 Large phone memory, more dialing speed, more clarity in audio & video.
 Security and Privacy: 5G networks prioritize robust security and privacy
measures. Enhanced encryption algorithms, secure authentication protocols,
and network slicing isolation contribute to safeguarding data integrity and
protecting user privacy in an increasingly connected environment.
 EVOLUTION FROM 1G TO 5G
1. 1ST GENERATION

First Generation wireless technology (1G) is the original analog (An analog or
analogue signal is any continuous signal for which the time varying feature
(variable) of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity),
voice-only cellular telephone standard, developed in the 1980s. The prominent
ones among 1G system were advanced mobile phone system (AMPS), Nordic
mobile telephone (NMT), and total access communication system (TACS).

Fig. 1G Mobile

Developed in 1980s & completed in early 1990s

Based on analog system
Speed up to 2.4 kbps
AMPS (Advance Mobile Phone System) was launched by the US & it
was the 1G mobile system
Allows user to make voice calls in 1 country
2. 2ND GENERATION
2G (or 2-G) is short for second-generation wireless telephone technology. Second
generation 2G cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the
GSM standard in Finland in 1991. 2G network allows for much greater
penetration intensity. 2G technologies enabled the various mobile phone
networks to provide the services such as text messages, picture messages and
MMS (Multi Media Messages). 2G technology is more efficient. 2G technology
holds sufficient security for both the sender and the receiver. All text messages
are digitally encrypted. This digital encryption allows for the transfer of data in
such a way that only the intended receiver can receive and read it.
Second generation technologies are either time division multiple access (TDMA)
or code division multiple access (CDMA). TDMA allows for the division of
signal into time slots. CDMA allocates each user a special code to communicate
over a multiplex physical channel. Different TDMA technologies are GSM, PDC,
iDEN, IS-136. CDMA technology is IS-95. GSM (Global system for mobile
communication) is the most admired standard of all the mobile technologies.
GSM technology was the first one to help establish international roaming. This
enabled the mobile subscribers to use their mobile phone connections in many
different countries of the world’s is based on digital signals, unlike 1G
technologies which were used to transfer analogue signals. GSM has enabled the
users to make use of the short message

services (SMS) to any mobile network at any time. SMS is a cheap and easy way
to send a message to anyone, other than the voice call or conference. This
technology is beneficial to both the network operators and the ultimate users at
the same time.
In comparison to 1G's analog signals, 2G's digital signals are very reliant on
location and proximity. If a 2G handset made a call far away from a cell tower,
the digital signal may not be enough to reach it. While a call made from a 1G
handset had generally poor quality than that of a 2G handset, it survived longer
 distances. This is due to the analog signal having a smooth curve compared to the
digital signal, which had a jagged, angular curve. As conditions worsen, the
quality of a call made from a 1G handset would gradually worsen, but a call
made from a 2G handset would fail completely.

Fig. 2G Mobile

Developed in late 1980s & completed in late 1990s

Based on digital system
Speed up to 64 kbps
Services such are digital voice & SMS with more clarity
Semi global facility

2G are the handsets we are using today, with 2.5G having more
capabilities.

3. 3RD GENERATION
International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT--2000), better
known as 3G or 3rd Generation, is a generation of standards for mobile
phones and mobile telecommunications services fulfilling specifications
by the International Telecommunication Union. The use of 3G
technology is also able to transmit packet switch data efficiently at better
and increased bandwidth. 3G mobile technologies proffers more
advanced services to mobile users. The spectral efficiency of 3G
technology is better than 2G technologies. Spectral efficiency is the
measurement of rate of information transfer over any communication
system. 3G is also known as IMT-2000.

Fig. 3G Mobile

Developed between late 1990s & early 2000s until present day

In 2005, 3G is ready to live up to its performance in computer

networking (WCDMA, WLAN and Bluetooth) and mobile devices
area (cell phone and GPS)
Transmission speed from 125 kbps to 2 Mbps
Superior voice quality
Good clarity in video conference

Data are sent through technology called packet switching

Voice calls are interpreted using circuit switching

Fast Communication, Internet, Mobile T.V, E-mail, PDA,

information surfing, on-line shopping/ banking, Multi Media
Messaging Service (MMS), 3D gaming, Multi-Gaming etc.
Global roaming
4. 4TH GENERATION

4G refers to the fourth generation of cellular wireless standards. It is a successor to 3G

and 2G families of standards. The fourth generation (4G) is a conceptual framework
and a discussion point to address future needs of a high speed wireless network that
can transmit multimedia and data to and interface with wire-line backbone network
perfectly just raised in 2002. The speeds of 4G can theoretically be promised up to
1Gbps.
Some of the applications of 4G are:
(i) Mobile TV – a provider redirects a TV channel directly to the
subscriber's phone where it can be watched.
(ii) Video on demand – a provider sends a movie to the subscriber's phone.
(iii) Video conferencing – subscribers can see as well as talk to each other.
(iv) Tele-medicine – a medical provider monitors or provides advice to the
potentially isolated subscriber.
(v) Location-based services – a provider sends localized weather or traffic
conditions to the phone, or the phone allows the subscriber to find
nearby businesses or friends.
(vi) Mobile ultra-broadband (gigabit speed) access and multi-carrier
transmission.
(vii) Mobile WiMAX(Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access).
 Fig. 4G Mobile

Developed in 2010
Faster & more reliable
Speed up to 100 Mbps
Both cellular and broadband multimedia services everywhere
High performance
Easy global roaming
Low cost

5. 5TH GENERATION

5G Technology stands for 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G technology has

changed the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth. User never
experienced ever before such a high value technology. The 5G technologies
include all type of advanced features which makes 5G technology most powerful
and in huge demand in near future.

The gigantic array of innovative technology being built into new cell phones is
stunning. 5G technologies which are on hand held phone offering more power
and features than at least 1000 lunar modules. A user can also hook their 5G
technology cell phone with their laptop to get broadband internet access. 5G
technology including camera, MP3 recording, video player, large phone memory,
dialing speed, audio player and much more you never imagine.

5G networks focus on improved energy efficiency to minimize power

consumption. New technologies, such as network densification, dynamic
spectrum allocation, and sleep modes for inactive devices, are employed to
optimize energy usage and reduce the carbon footprint of the network. 5G
networks aim to provide broader coverage compared to previous generations,
including support for both urban and rural areas. With the use of higher
frequency bands, such as millimeter waves (mmWave), and advanced antenna
technologies, 5G can extend coverage to areas that were previously challenging
to reach, enabling connectivity in remote regions. 5G networks provide higher
network capacity, allowing for a greater number of simultaneous connections and
higher data throughput. This expanded capacity addresses the growing demand
for data-intensive applications and alleviates network congestion, ensuring a
consistent and reliable user experience even in densely populated areas or at
crowded events.

Fig. 5G Mobile

Next major phase of mobile telecommunication & wireless system

10 times more capacity than others
Expected speed up to 1 Gbps
Faster & reliable than 4G
Lower cost than previous generations
6. COMPARISION OF ALL GENERATION

 Comparison in Tabular Form

Technology 1G 2G 3G 4G 5G
Invented 1979 1991 2001 2010 2018

Bandwidth 2kbps 14-64kbps 2mbps 200mbps >1gbps

Technology Analog Digital Broadbandw Unified IP 4G+WWWW

cellular cellular idth/cdma/ip &seamless
technology combo of
LAN/WAN/WL
AN/PAN
Service Mobile Digital Integrated Dynamic Dynamic
telephony voice,short high quality information information
messaging audio, video access, variable access, variable
& data devices devices
with AI
capabilities
Core PSTN PSTN Packet Internet Internet
network network

CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access

LAN: Local Area Network
WAN: Wide Area Network
WLAN: Wireless Local Area Network
PAN: Personal Area Network
 KEY CONCEPT
Real wireless world with no more limitation with access and zone issues.
Wearable devices with AI (Artificial Intelligence) capabilities.
Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6), where a visiting care-of mobile IP
address is assigned according to location and connected network.
One unified global standard.

Dynamic Ad hoc Wireless Networks (DAWN), essentially identical to

Mobile ad hoc network (MANET), Wireless mesh network (WMN) or
wireless grids, combined with smart antennas, cooperative diversity and
flexible modulation.
User centric (or cell phone developer initiated) network concept instead
of operator-initiated (as in 1G) or system developer initiated (as in 2G,
3G and 4G) standards.
World Wide wireless web (WWWW), i.e. comprehensive wireless- based
web applications that include full multimedia capability beyond 4G
speeds.
Pervasive networks providing ubiquitous computing: The user can
simultaneously be connected to several wireless access technologies and
seamlessly move between them (See Media independent handover or
vertical handover, IEEE 802.21, also expected to be provided by future
4G releases). These access technologies can be a 2.5G, 3G, 4G or 5G
mobile networks, Wi-Fi, WPAN or any other future access technology. In
5G, the concept may be further developed into multiple concurrent data
transfer paths.
 Cognitive radio technology, also known as smart-radio: allowing
different radio technologies to share the same spectrum efficiently by
adaptively finding unused spectrum and adapting the transmission scheme
to the requirements of the technologies currently sharing the spectrum.
This dynamic radio resource management is achieved in a distributed
fashion, and relies on software defined radio.

High altitude stratospheric platform station (HAPS) systems.

Group cooperative relay: A major issue in beyond 4G systems is to
make the high bit rates available in a larger portion of the cell, especially
to users in an exposed position in between several base stations. In
current research, this issue is addressed by cellular repeaters and macro-
diversity techniques, also known as group cooperative relay, as well as by
beam division multiple access (BDMA).

HOW DOES 5G WORKS

5G, or fifth-generation, is the latest generation of wireless technology that
enables faster data transfer speeds, lower latency, and greater capacity
compared to its predecessors. It is designed to meet the increasing demand for
connectivity and support emerging technologies such as Internet of Things
(IoT), autonomous vehicles, augmented reality, and more.

Here's a simplified explanation of how 5G works:

1. Radio Waves and Frequency Bands: 5G operates on higher frequency

bands than previous generations. It utilizes a wide range of frequency
bands, including low-band (sub-1 GHz), mid-band (1-6 GHz), and high-
 band or millimeter wave (mmWave) frequencies (above 24 GHz). Each
frequency band has different characteristics, offering a balance between
coverage and capacity.
2. Small Cells and Massive MIMO: 5G networks rely on a denser network
infrastructure with the deployment of small cells. Small cells are low-
power cellular base stations that are distributed throughout the coverage
area, providing localized coverage and capacity. Massive Multiple-Input
Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology is also employed, which uses
multiple antennas at both the base station and user devices to enhance
data throughput and network efficiency.

3. Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): 5G significantly boosts data

transfer speeds, allowing for faster downloads and uploads compared to
previous generations. This is achieved through wider frequency bands,
more efficient modulation techniques, and advanced antenna
technologies.

4. Ultra-Low Latency: 5G aims to reduce latency, or the delay between

sending and receiving data. This is crucial for real-time applications like
autonomous vehicles, remote surgery, and gaming. The use of advanced
network architecture and edge computing allows data to be processed
closer to the user, minimizing latency.

5. Network Slicing: 5G introduces the concept of network slicing, which

enables the creation of virtual networks customized for specific
applications or user groups. Network slices provide dedicated resources,
tailored quality of service (QoS), and optimized performance to meet the
unique requirements of different use cases, such as autonomous vehicles,
smart cities, and industrial automation.
6. Beamforming: 5G networks employ beamforming techniques to improve
network coverage and signal strength. Beamforming uses multiple
antennas to focus the transmission and reception of signals towards
specific devices or areas, enhancing signal quality, reducing interference,
and increasing overall network capacity.

7. Core Network Evolution: The core network of 5G is designed to be more

flexible, scalable, and programmable. It utilizes network function
virtualization (NFV) and software-defined networking (SDN)
technologies to enable dynamic allocation of network resources, efficient
network management, and support for various services and applications.

It's important to note that the specific implementation of 5G can vary

across regions and network providers. The technology continues to
evolve, and ongoing advancements are expected to enhance its
capabilities even further.
 HARDWARES AND SOFTWARES OF 5G

1. HARDWARE OF 5G

It uses UWB (Ultra-Wide Band) networks with higher BW at

low energy levels.
This BW is of 4000 Mbps, which is 400 times faster than
today’s wireless networks.

It uses smart antenna either Switched Beam Antennas or

Adaptive Array Antennas.
It uses CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access).

2.SOFTWARE OF 5G

5G will be single unified standard of different wireless

networks, including LAN technologies, LAN/WAN, WWWW-
 World Wide Wireless Web, unified IP & seamless combination
of broadband.

Software defined radio, Packet layer, Implementation of

Packets, Encryption, Flexibility, Anti-Virus.

FEATURES, ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

1.FEATURES
5G Technology offer high resolution for crazy cell phone user and bi-
directional large bandwidth shaping.
The advanced billing interfaces of 5G Technology makes it more attractive
and effective.
5G Technology also providing subscriber supervision tools for fast action.
The high-quality service of 5G technology based on Policy to avoid error.
5G Technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which
supporting almost 65,000 connections.
5G Technology offer transporter class gateway with unparallel consistency.
The traffic statistics by 5G Technology makes it more accurate.
Through remote management offered by 5G Technology a user can get
better and fast solution.
 The remote diagnostics also a great feature of 5G technology.
The 5G technology is providing up to 25 Mbps connectivity speed.
The 5G technology also support virtual private network.
The new 5G Technology will take all delivery service out of business
prospect.
The uploading and downloading speed of 5G Technology touching the peak.
The 5G Technology network offering enhanced and available connectivity
just about the world.

2. ADVANTAGES
5G provides data bandwidth of 1 GBps or higher.
5G is globally accessible.
5G provides dynamic information access beneficial to domestic user.
5G is available at low cost.

3. DISADVANTAGES
Infrastructure Requirements
Limited Coverage Range
Signal Interference and Penetration
Compatibility and Device Availability
Regulatory and Spectrum Challenges
Health and Safety Concerns
Privacy and Security Risks
4. APPLICATIONS
Wearable device with AI capabilities.
Pervasive (Global) networks.
Media independent handover.
Radio resource management.
High Altitude Stratospheric Platform Station (HAPS) systems.
VoIP (Voice over IP) enabled device.
With 6th sense technology.

CONCLUSION
3G - Operator Centric,
4G - Service Centric whereas
5G - User Centric
We have proposed 5G wireless concept designed as an open platform on
different layers.
A new coming 5G technology is available in the market in affordable
rates, high peak future and much reliability than its preceding
technologies.
This Technology helps to promotes stronger links between people
working in different fields creating future concepts of mobile
communication, internet service, cloud computing, all pie network, and
nanotechnology.
 REFERENCES
 https://www.wikipedia.org/
 https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/
 https://www.javatpoint.com/