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    Cellular Reproduction

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    nathalygiateresa

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Cellular Reproduction

    Uploaded by

    nathalygiateresa
    3 views2 pages

    Original Title

    Cellular-reproduction

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    3 views2 pages

    Cellular Reproduction

    Uploaded by

    nathalygiateresa

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 2

    Cellular reproduction is the process by which cells 4.

    Telophase: Chromatids reach the poles and


    divide and produce new cells. This process is essential begin to de-condense into chromatin. The
    for growth, repair, and maintenance of tissues in nuclear envelope re-forms around each set of
    multicellular organisms, as well as for reproduction in chromosomes, resulting in two nuclei in the cell.
    unicellular organisms. Cellular reproduction can be
    5. Cytokinesis: This is the final step, where the
    broadly categorized into mitosis and meiosis.
    cytoplasm of the cell divides, resulting in two
    1. Mitosis separate daughter cells. In animal cells, this
    occurs through cleavage furrow formation, while
    Mitosis is the process by which a eukaryotic cell
    in plant cells, a cell plate forms to divide the
    divides to produce two genetically identical daughter
    cell.
    cells, each with the same number of chromosomes as
    the original cell. Mitosis is responsible for growth, 2. Meiosis
    repair, and asexual reproduction in many organisms.
    Meiosis is a type of cell division that reduces the
    Stages of Mitosis: chromosome number by half, resulting in four
    genetically diverse daughter cells, each with half the
    1. Prophase: Chromosomes condense and
    number of chromosomes as the original cell. Meiosis is
    become visible. The nuclear envelope breaks
    essential for sexual reproduction and occurs in two
    down, and the mitotic spindle, made of
    stages: meiosis I and meiosis II.
    microtubules, begins to form.
    Stages of Meiosis:
    2. Metaphase: Chromosomes align at the cell's
    equatorial plane (metaphase plate), and spindle Meiosis I:
    fibers attach to the centromeres of the
    1. Prophase I: Chromosomes condense, and
    chromosomes.
    homologous chromosomes (one from each
    3. Anaphase: Sister chromatids (duplicated parent) pair up in a process called synapsis.
    chromosomes) are pulled apart toward opposite Crossing over occurs, where segments of
    poles of the cell. chromatids are exchanged between homologous
    chromosomes, increasing genetic diversity. The
    nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle Summary
    fibers form.
     Mitosis: Produces two genetically identical
    2. Metaphase I: Homologous chromosome pairs diploid cells, important for growth, repair, and
    align at the metaphase plate. Spindle fibers asexual reproduction.
    attach to each chromosome pair.
     Meiosis: Produces four genetically diverse
    3. Anaphase I: Homologous chromosomes are haploid cells, essential for sexual reproduction
    pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell. Unlike and genetic diversity.
    mitosis, sister chromatids remain attached.
    Both processes are vital for the continuity of life and
    4. Telophase I: Chromosomes reach the poles, the maintenance of genetic integrity within organisms.
    and the nuclear envelope may reform. The cell
    divides into two haploid cells.

    Meiosis II:

    1. Prophase II: Chromosomes condense again,


    and a new spindle apparatus forms in each
    haploid cell. The nuclear envelope breaks down.

    2. Metaphase II: Chromosomes align at the


    metaphase plate in each haploid cell.

    3. Anaphase II: Sister chromatids are separated


    and pulled toward opposite poles.

    4. Telophase II: Chromatids reach the poles, and


    nuclear envelopes reform around each set of
    chromosomes. The cells divide, resulting in four
    haploid daughter cells.

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