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Electrical Safety

Prayer

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Rubrics for Presentation

Presentation

Organization and Preparedness Presentation within time

(10 pts) allotment(5)
Students are prepared and are
organized with their respective
topics (5)

Content (20 pts) Complete and contains accurate

information (10)
Includes the details that support the
topic (10)
Visual Aids/PowerPoint (10pts) V.A. are well prepared, informative,
effective and not distracting(10)

Presentation (10Pts) Shows thorough understanding

through appropriate explanation and
examples (5)
Delivery is with enthusiasm,
conviction and confidence (5)

TOTAL

Recap
Group 1

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Electrical Safety Effects of Electricity on

01 04 Human Body
Review on Electricity
TOPIC 02 Electrical Terms
Nature of Electricity
05 Electrical Hazards
OUTLINE
Electrical Injuries
03 Shocks occur in three ways
Nature of Electricity
06 Electrical Safety
According To PEC

Electrical Safety
• Electrical safety is a system of organizational measures and technical
means to prevent harmful and dangerous effects on workers
from electric current, electric arc, electromagnetic field and static
electricity.

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Understanding the
Nature of Electricity

Electricity

•A physical agency caused by the motion

of electrons, protons, and other charged
particles, manifesting itself as an
attraction, repulsion, magnetic,
luminous, and heating effects, etc.

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Electrical Terms
• Electricity - is produced when a magnet is moved past a piece of wire, or
wire is moved through a magnetic field
• Current -- electrical movement (measured in amps)
• Resistance -- restriction to electrical flow
• Voltage – unit of measurement of electromotive force (EMF)
• Circuit -- complete path of the current. Includes electricity source, a
conductor, and the output device or load (such as a lamp, tool, or heater)
• Conductors – substances, like metals, with little resistance to electricity that
allow electricity to flow
• Grounding – a conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective
measure

Electrical Terms
• Insulators -- substances with high resistance to electricity like glass, porcelain,
plastic, and dry wood that prevent electricity from getting to unwanted areas.

• Direct Current--Always flows in one direction and used to charge batteries, run
some motors, operate magnetic lifting devices and welding equipment.

• Alternating Current - Changes rapidly in both direction and value. Power

companies produce power cheaper with alternating current.

• Free Electrons- The ability to move or flow is the basis of current electricity
If channeled in a given direction, a flow of electrons occurs --- when flowed
through a conductor it is dynamic electricity

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Conductivity
The More Conductive the Less Resistance
The Best Conductors
Silver 105
Copper 100
Gold 70
Aluminum 61
Brass 28
Zinc 27
Nickel 22
Iron 17
Tin 15
Phosphor Bronze 15
Lead 7
Steel 3-15

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George Simon Ohm

Formulated a mathematical
relationship between:
 Current
 Voltage
 Resistance

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Pipes

Simplified +
Analogy to an Reservoir
Work

Electric Circuit

- -
GROUND

Clog (break path)

What can go wrong?

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Electrical Conductor
Source

A Light
Simple
Circuit Load

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ELECTRICAL INJURIES

1.Electrocution 2. Electrical 3. Burns 4. Indirect - Falls

or death shock

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When an electrical shock enters the body it may produce

different types of injuries. Electrocution results in internal and
external injury to body parts or the entire body – often resulting in
death. After receiving a “jolt” of electricity all or part of the body
may be temporarily paralyzed and this may cause loss of grip or
stability.

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SHOCK. Electric shock occurs

when the human body
becomes part of the path
through which current flows.
The direct result can be electrocution.

The indirect result can be

injury resulting from a fall or
movement into machinery
because of a shock

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Shock Severity
Severity of the shock depends on:
Path of current through the body
Amount of current flowing through the body
(amps)
Duration of the shocking current through the
body,
LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW
HAZARD

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Other factors that may affect the severity of the

shock are:
ONE TWO THREE
 The voltage of  Low voltages can The resistance of the body varies
the current. be extremely based on:
 The amount of moisture on
 The presence of dangerous
the skin (less moisture = more
moisture because, all other resistance)
 The general factors being  The size of the area of contact
health of the equal, the degree (smaller area = more
person prior to of injury increases resistance)
 The pressure applied to the
the shock. the longer the body
contact point (less pressure =
is in contact with more resistance)
the circuit.  Muscular structure (less
muscle = less resistance)

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Normal heart rhythm.

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Burns
 Most common shock-related
injury
 Occurs when you touch
electrical wiring or equipment
that is improperly used or
maintained
 Typically occurs on hands
 Very serious injury that needs
immediate attention

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Falls
 Electric shock can also
cause indirect injuries
 Workers in elevated
locations who
experience a shock may
fall, resulting in serious
injury or death

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Shocks Occur in Three Ways

Electrical shock occurs if your body becomes part of an electrical circuit. This
happen in three ways:

CONTACT WITH THE BOTH CONTACTING A CURRENT- CONTACTING A CURRENT-

HOT AND NEUTRAL CARRYING CONDUCTOR WHILE IT CARRYING CONDUCTOR WHILE
CONDUCTORS OF A CIRCUIT IS CONTACT WITH THE GROUND. IT IS CONTACT WITH THE
AT THE SAME TIME. Your This is unintentional grounding. GROUND. This is unintentional
body is then just like a light grounding.
bulb filament or the windings
in a motor. It, too, becomes a  Hand to Hand Shock Path  Hand to Foot Shock Path
load between the conductor
through which the current
will flow.

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CONTACT WITH
THE BOTH HOT
AND NEUTRAL
CONDUCTORS OF A
CIRCUIT AT THE
SAME TIME

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CONTACTING A
CURRENT-CARRYING
CONDUCTOR WHILE IT
IS CONTACT WITH THE
GROUND.
Hand to Hand Shock Path

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CONTACTING A
CURRENT-CARRYING
CONDUCTOR WHILE IT
IS CONTACT WITH THE
GROUND.
Hand to Foot Shock Path

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Arc Flash
The extremely
high
temperature
discharge
produced by an
electrical fault in
the air.
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Arc Blasts
A high-pressure
sound and
pressure wave
cause by a
sudden arc
fault

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Arc Flash and Arc Blasts

Arc Flash Arc Blasts
Arc Flash:
 80%-Burns due to  Pressure Wave
ignition of clothing  Heat
 Temperature-35,000 F  Molten metal
 Fatal Burns-10 ft.  Destruction of
 2000 people structures and life
hospitalized with
burns
 Molten metal

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-
Effects of Electricity on the Human Body
• More than 3 milliamps (ma): painful shock
• More than 10 ma: muscle contraction
• More than 20 ma: considered severe shock
• More than 30 ma: lung paralysis - usually temporary
• More than 50 ma: possible ventricular fibrillation-
(usually fatal)
• 100 ma to 4 amps: certain ventricular fibrillation (fatal)
• Over 4 amps: heart paralysis; severe burns

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Using a 120 volt circuit and resistance for wet & dry skin:
E=IR: Voltage=Current x Resistance
(Volts) (Amps) (Ohms)
So: I=E/R

Dry Skin =120/100,000=.0012 amps

=1.2ma flowing through
body to ground

Wet skin =120/1000=.120 amps

=120ma flowing through
body to ground

Remember: 1 Amp = 1000 milliamps

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Electrical accidents are caused by a

combination of three factors:
 Unsafe equipment and/or
installation,
 Workplaces made unsafe by the
environment, and
 Unsafe work practices.
 Lightning

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Electrical Hazards
A dangerous condition where a worker could make electrical
contact with energized equipment or a conductor, and from
which the person may sustain an injury from shock .

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Causes of Electrical Hazards

• unsafe equipment or installation,
• unsafe environment, or
• unsafe work practices.

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Exposed Electrical Parts

Cover removed from wiring or breaker box

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Damaged or Defective Cords & Wires

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Summary – Hazards & Protections

Hazards
• Inadequate wiring
• Exposed electrical parts
• Wires with bad insulation
• Ungrounded electrical systems and tools
• Overloaded circuits
• Damaged power tools and equipment
• Using the wrong PPE and tools
• Overhead power lines
• All hazards are made worse in wet conditions
• Damaged extension cords
• Unqualified workers doing electrical work

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Protective Measures
 Proper grounding
 Use GFCI’s
 Use fuses and circuit breakers
 Guard live parts
 Lockout/Tagout
 Proper use of flexible cords
 Close electrical panels by Competent Person
 Employee training
 Ensure Competent Person on site
 Use proper approved electrical equipment
 Qualified person to install electrical devices

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In sum, hazards can be prevented by

• Use of insulation
• Guarding
• Grounding
• Safe work practices

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Electrical Safety
According to Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) 2017

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Guarding of
Live Parts
(1.10.2.2)
Except as elsewhere required or
permitted by this code, live parts of
electrical equipment operating at 50
volts or more shall be guarded against
accidental contact by approved
enclosures or any of the following means:

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1) By location in a room, vault or

similar enclosure that is
accessible to licensed electrical
practitioner or qualified person
under supervision or licensed
electrical practitioner
2) By permanent, substantial
partitions or screens arranged so
that only licensed electrical
practitioner have access to the
space within reach of the live
parts.

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3) By location on a balcony, gallery

or platform elevated and arranged
So as to exclude unqualified
persons.

4) By elevation above the floor as

shown below:
a. Minimum of 2500 mm for 50 to 300 V between ungrounded
conductors
b. Minimum of 2600 mm for 301 to 600 V between
ungrounded conductors.
c. Minimum of 2620 mm for 601 to 1000 volts between
ungrounded conductors.

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Article 1.10
Requirements for
Electrical
Installations
1.10.1.1 Scope. This article covers
general requirements for the
examinations and approval, installations
and use, access to and spaces about
electrical conductors and equipment;
enclosures intended for personnel entry;
and tunnel installation

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1.10.1.3
Examinations
Identification,
Installation, Use and
Listing (Product
Certification) of
Equipment

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1) Suitability for installation and use in

conformity with the provision of this
A. Examination. code.
2) Mechanical strength and durability
In judging including parts designed to enclose and
equipment, protect other equipment, the adequacy
of the protection thus provided.
considerations 3) Wire bending and connection space.
such as the 4) Electrical Insulation.
5) Heating effects under normal conditions
following shall 6) Arcing effects.
be evaluated: 7) Classification by type, size, voltage,
current, capacity and specific use
8) Other factors that contribute to the
practical safeguarding of persons using.

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1.10.1.17 Arc-Flash
Hazard Warning
(A) General. Electrical equipment such as
switchboards, switchgear, panel boards, industrial
control panels, meter socket enclosures and
motor control centers is likely to require
examination, servicing or maintenance shall be
factory marked to warn qualified persons of
potential arc flash hazards. It shall be located so
as to be clearly visible to qualified persons before
examining, servicing or maintenance of the
equipment.

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2.10.1.8 Ground-Fault (A)Dwelling Units.

Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) All 250 and 125 volt, single phase,
Protection for Personnel. 15 and 20 ampere receptacle installed in
the
Ground –fault circuit- Locations shall have GFCI protection for
interrupter protection for personnel
personnel shall be provided 1) Bathroom
as required in (A) through 2) Garages
(E). 3) Outdoors
4) Crawl spaces or at below grade level
In lieu of the GFCI 5) Unfinished portion of areas of the
receptacle(s), a branch basement
6) Kitchens
circuit supplying 15 and 20 7) Sinks
Amperes shall be permitted 8) Boathouse
to be protected by GFCI 9) Bathtubs or shower stall
10)Laundry areas
breaker.
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Article 3.14. Outlet, Device,

Pull and Junction Boxes;
Conduit Bodies, Fittings
and Handhole Enclosures
Scope: It covers the installation and the use of all
boxes and conduit bodies use as outlet, device,
junction or pull boxes depending on their use. Ity
also includes installation requirements for fittings
used to join raceway and to connect raceways and
cables to boxes and conduit bodies

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Article 3.14.2.3 UNSAFE

Conductors Entering
Boxes, Conduit bodies or
fittings.
Conductors entering boxes,
conduit bodies or fitting
shall be protected from
abrasion and shall comply SAFE
with the ff:
A) Opening to be closed-
openings through
which conductors
shall be closed

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Article 3.14.2.3 Conductors

Entering Boxes, Conduit
bodies or fittings.
B)Metal Boxes and Conduit
Bodies- Where metal boxes UNSAFE
are installed in open wiring,
conductors shall enter
through insulating bushing

SAFE

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Article 3.14.2.3 Conductors

Entering Boxes, Conduit
bodies or fittings.
C) Nonmetallic Boxes and
Conduit Bodies- shall be
suitable for the lowest
temperature-rated
conductor entering the box

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Rule 1211
Philippine
Electrical Code
(PEC)
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Philippine Electrical Code

The Philippine Electrical Code is hereby adopted and the standards
contained therein shall be considered safety standards to the extent
that they safeguard any person employed in any workplace and
control the practice of electrical engineering.

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Rule 1214
Requirements in
the Preparation of
Electrical Plans

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Before electrical wiring installation is done, the owner/manager or his

authorized representative shall file the required application for electrical
wiring installation in triplicate, accompanied by three (3) copies of each
sheet of plans in white print. The following shall be incorporated in the
plans.

(1) Location Plans:

a. site of the compound indicating any known landmarks, private or public
buildings and arrow indicating NORTH direction drawn not necessarily to
scale.
b. the service drop from the utility company pole to the building structure;
and
c. all feeder lines.

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(2) Electrical Layout:

a. power layout, in addition to the lighting layout, if the

number of motors exceed (10);
b. other loads;
c. bell system circuit;
d. telephone system circuit;
e. riser or single line diagram
f. riser design computation;
g. load schedule;
h. electrical legend and specifications;

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(3) Outdoor sub-station:

a. location of outdoor sub-station indicating the distance
with respect to the nearest building,
b. primary and secondary lines,
c. fencing or enclosure,
d. top, front and side views showing pertinent distances,
e. grounding system,
f. specification
c. single line diagram
h. legend
i. design computation.

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(4) Indoor Sub-station:

Transformer vault
walls, roof, flooring,
doorways, ventilation
and drainage including
items, b, d, e, f, g, h and i
of outdoor sub-station
requirements.

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References:
• https://www.slideshare.net/djmayhem78/09-electrical-safety
• https://www.slideserve.com/zoie/systems-of-safety-applied-to-focus-four-hazards
• https://www.google.com/search?q=electrical+hazard+meaning&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwj7jPnul7rp
AhUPHqYKHVg
• https://www.slideshare.net/complianceandsafety/focus-four-module1
• Philippine Electrical Code (PEC) 2017 edition
• Occupational Safety and Health Standards ( As Amended, 1989) Department of Labor and
Employment, Intramuros, Manila

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Thanks!
Any questions?

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