ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SEWAGE

TREATMENT PLANT : IMPHAL CITY MANIPUR

by
STUDENT NAME REGISTER NUMBER
NIKHIL WADHWA RA1611001010179
NIHAL KUMAR CHOUDHARY RA1611001010212
ISHAN BARUAH RA1611001010288
B.TECH CIVIL ENGINEERING – 15CE375 L - Minor Project
Date: 02-11-2019
REVIEW III
UNDER THE GUIDENCE OF
Ms. D.Jaishree
Assistant Professor

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

SRM INSTITUTE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NOVEMBER 2019
 INTRODUCTION
• Water plays an important role in the development of any activity in the world. Due
to the growth of population, consumption of water resources is more and
availability is less. So the demand for water is increasing. Sewage treatment is the
process of removing contaminants from waste water, primarily from household
sewage. Physical, Chemical and Biological processes are used to remove
contaminants and produce treated wastewater that is safer for environment.
• A By-product of sewage treatment is usually semi-solid waste or slurry called
sewage sludge. The sludge has to undergo further treatment before being suitable
for disposal or application to land. Sewage can be treated close to where the
sewage is created, which maybe called a De-Centralized system. The treatment
process has a series of treating unit which are categorized under primary treatment
secondary treatment and tertiary treatment.
• The primary treatment removes suspended impurities and floating solids ofrom
raw sewage.
• The secondary treatment removes the dissolved organic matter that escapes
primary treatment.
• The tertiary treatment removes anything more than primary and secondary
treatment in order to allow ejection into a highly sensitive or fragile ecosystem.
 OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this study is carried out to design a sewage treatment
plant for Imphal city Manipur,

• To Study, Analyse and Estimate the Population data for the next 2 Decades.
• To Analysis and design Sewage treatment plant.
 NECESSITY

Imphal holds a population of 3.36 Million currently as per 2019 estimation and is
still growing, this has resulted in a necessity to construct a separate sewage
treatment plant so as to serve the followings issues
1. To study the increasing water shortage in Imphal city and nearby districts such as
Lamshang, Pangei,Kameng.
2. To benefit the environment by reducing dissolved impurities in the water .
3. To Promote recycling of water for non potable purposes
4. To meet the increasing water demand in the locality
 STUDY LOCATION
The location of plant is to be established in Lamphelpat,Imphal ,next to Imphal
Sewage treatment plant , at the specified location details as shown in Fig. 1.

Figure 1: Study Area Detail

Lamphelpat,Imphal is a city in Manipur with Longitude :24.828481, Latitude :

93.919386. The Plant is to be constructed at 24°49'42.5"N 93°55'09.8"E .
The city receives an Average precipitation of 97.2ppm, with an average elevation
of 786m. The Average Daily Temperature is 21°C .
 SCOPE
• Imphal district has been a developing place with a steady increase in population,
thus leading to more generation of domestic and municipal sewage. Hence, there is
a basic need of construction of sewage treatment plant to ensure sufficient treatment
of the sewage.

• A sewage treatment plant is quite necessary to receive the domestic and household
waste and thus removing the materials with harm for public health.

• Its objective is to produce an environmental safe fluid waste and solid waste
suitable for disposal or reuse.
 METHODOLOGY
LITERATURE REVIEW

POPULATION GROWTH ANALYSIS OF PEAK FLOW

STUDY

POPULATION INCREASE DESIGN OF SEWAGE

ARITHMETIC METHOD TREATMENT PLANT

PRIMARY SECONDARY TERTIARY

TREATMENT TREATMENT TREATMENT

RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Figure 2: Flow chart for Methodology

 MAJOR DESIGN EXPERIENCE
• Designing the layout for a Sewage treatment plant.
• Design is as per IS codes.
 POPULATION ANALYSIS
The Population of the Imphal city has been found to be as follows:
The data has been collected from office of the Bijoy Govinda Gram panchayat.

Year Population(in millions) Increase( in millions)

1999 2.3
2001 2.3
2009 2.6 0.3
2011 2.85
2014 2.90
2015 2.94 0.75
2016 2.97
2017 3.21
2018 3.27
x =0.525
2019 3.35
 POPULATION ESTIMATION
Population estimation has been carried out using Arithmetic estimation method .
Using Arithmetic mean method
Pn = Po + nx̅
For 2029, after 1 decade P2029 = P2019 + 1(0.525)
= 3.35 + 0.525
= 3.875 M
For 2039, after 2 decades P2039 = P2029 + 2(0.525)
= 3.875 + 2(0.525)
= 4.925 M
For 2049, after 3 decades P2049 = P2039 + 3(0.525)
= 4.925 + 3(0.525)
= 6.5 M
Estimated population for arithmetic increase method,
P 2029 = 3.875M
P 2039 = 4.925M
P 2049 = 6.5M
 DESIGN FOR SEWAGE TREATEMENT PLANT
Design of pre-sedimentation tank
To remove particles up to 0.1mm size and adopt following parameters

General parameters
Overflow rate = 20 – 80 m 2/m2/day
Minimum side water depth = 2.5m
Detention time = 0.5 – 3 hrs
Side slopes( for non mechanical cleansing)
= 10% from sides towards centre line
Longitudinal slope = 1% in rectangular tank
Ratio of length and breadth = 3:1 to 5:1
Settling velocity = To ensure removal of minimum
size of particle of 0.1mm
Hydraulic design
1)Dimensions of the tank
Assuming water required by year 2069 = 6.5lpd
= (18 X 1000)/24
= 271m3/hr = 275 m3/hr

Since pumping is considered for 16 hrs,

The discharge coming into the pre-sedimentation tank = (275 x 24)/16
= 412.5m3/hr
Assuming water loss in de-sludging = 2%
Design average flow = (412.5 x 100)/(100 – 2)
=420.9m3/hr
Assuming detention period = 1.5 hrs
Effective storage of sedimentation tank
=(420.91 x 1.5) 631.4m3/hr
Assume effective depth = 3m
Area of tank required 631.37/3 = 210 m2
Assume L:B = 3:1
3B X B = 210.
B = 8.4m
L = 3 X 8.4= 25.2m
Hence provide a tank of size = 25.2m x8.4m x 3m (free board as 0.5)
Hence a tank size = (25.2 x 8.4 x 3.5)m
Loading on tank/ overflow rate
Q/A = (412.5X24)/(25.2x8.4) = 46.76m3/m2/day

ii)Settlement Velocity (Vs) by method of Stoke’s Law

Hence,
a)Size of particle (d) = 0.10mm
b)Specific gravity (Ss) = 2.65
c)Kinematic viscocity of 20 degree C’V’
= 1.01X0.000001 m2/sec2
d)Value of g = 9.81m/sec2
Vs = 9/81(Ss-1)d2/V
=9.81/18((2.65-1)X(0.1X0.001)2)/(1.01X0.000001)
=0.0089m3/s
Reynold’s number R = Vsd/V
= (8.9x0.001x0.1x0.001)/(1.01x0.000001)
= 0.88 < 1
Hence the flow is laminar and stoke’s law is applicable
iii)Settlement velocity(Vs) by the method of discharge entering the tank and tank dimensions
a)Discharge entering the basin (Q) =412.5m3/hr
=6.87m3/min
=0.11m3/sec
b)Depth of water in tank H =3m
c)Width of basin B =8.4m
d)Length of tank L =25.2m
Horizontal flow velocity is given as
V =Q/BH
=(0.11)/(8.4x25.2)
= 5.196x10-4 m/sec
=0.031m/min
Settling velocity Vs = (0.11x3)/(25.21)
= 0.013m/min
=2.16 m/sec
Thus,particle having settling velocity greater than or equal to (9.73x0.001)m/sec shall settle in the
tank of above mentioned dimensions
iv) Time period required for particles to settle in the tank
As in above calculation, a particle of size 0.1mm shall settle in the tank if settling velocity is
greater than equal to 8.9x0.001m/sec
Since we assumed the water depth = 3m
Time required to settle down this depth = t1 = (3/(8.9x0.001)) sec
= 337.078 sec
= 0.0936hrs
Since the horizontal velocity of flow is 0.051m/s and the length of tank is 41.49m,time taken is as
= 882.76 sec
=14.71hrs
Thus, the time required by water to flow from inlet to the outlet is more than the time required by
partile size 0.1m,Settledown.
Hence all the particle of size 0.1mm, having a settling velocity greater than or equal to 8.9x0.001
m/sec shall be retaining in sedimentation tank
Note: longitudinal slope of 1 in 50 is being provided and slope of 1 in 30 is being provided
towards the longitudinal centre line.
Actual detention time in sedimentation tank
= (41.49x13.89x3)/(1147.95)
= 1.496 hrs
v) Check against Scour of departed particle
Scour Velocity (Vd)
Vd = 0.13 m / sec
To avoid Scour , the flow velocity should not exceed Vd
hence, horizontal flow velocity is 0.047 m/sec which is less than scow velocity Vd,
Hence design is OK.
As per IS 1172:1993 Code of basic requirements for water supply, drainage and sanitation.
Design of Raw Water Tank
Considering a Raw water storage tank of 8 hrs detention period is proposed to be provided so that
the water coming from the main at the rate of 1.5 x Average discharge due to 16 hrs pumping
can be stored in it for 8 hrs.
Water tank shall maintain a continuous flow in filtration plant for 24hrs
Water required for 20 yrs = 6.5 MLD
Taking 8.05 how detention period capacity
=(6.5x8)/24 = 2.16ML =2160m3

Provide water depth = 3m

Plan area of the tank = 2160/3 = 720m2

Assume L:B ratio as 2.5:1

2.5B X B = 720
B= 16.97
L = 2.5B
= 42.42m say 43m
Hence, provide a tank of (43x16.9x3) m
say (43x17x4)m (considering free space)
3)Design of Cascade Aerator
Water required for 2049 = 6.5MLD
Average water requirement Q = (6.5x0.000001)/(24x3600x1000) m3/sec
= 0.0752 m3/sec
Width of weir proposed = 4m
For broad aested weir , Q =1.65
H=0.099m
= 9.98 cm say 10cm
So a total depth of 10cm shall be flowing over the weir.
Six steps of 1m size shall be provided on which water shall be flowing down the outlet chamber.
At the outside of the outlet chamber, one side wall has been kept 200mm below the top surface of
the tank , so as to provide excess flow of water towards alum mixing chamber.
Design of rapid gravity filter

General provision
Required flow of filtered water = 6.5M L D
Quantity of backwash water used = 3% of fill output
Time lost during backwashing = 20min
Design rate of filtration = 5.4m3 / m2 /hr
Length:width ratio = 1.25 to 1.33 : 1

Under drainage system central manfold

Size of perfection = 9mm
Design :
Filter water required = 18MLD
Filtered water required per hr = (18 x 10^6 )/ (24 x 1000)
= 750m3/hr

Plane area of filter required = 750/54

= 138.89m2
Generally , the plane area of filter unit is kept as 10m2 to 80m2
Provide two filter units of each 70m2
Provide two units each 10m x 7m

Design of sand depth

Assuming a depth of sand as 60cm and effective of sand as 0.6mm . The depth can be checked
against break through of floc through the sand bed , by calculating minimum depth required by
hudson’s formula in metric unit as
Qd3h/L = B x 29323
Q = 5.4 x 2
= 10.8m3/m2/hr (Assuming 100% overloading of filter under emergencies)
d = Size of sand in mm = 0.6mm
h = Terminal head in meters = 2.25m
L= Depth in bed in meter

Assume B = 4 x 10-4 per response to filtraion and average of pre treatment =

(10.8 x 0.63 x 2.25)/ L = (4 x 10-7 x 2932)
L = 0.45m
Hence depth assumed is ok
Estimate of gravel and size gradation
Assuming a size gradation of 2mm at top and 4.8mm at bottom. The required depth in cm of a
component gravel layer of size d in mm can be computed from empirical formula.
L= 2.54K(log d)
Estimate of gravel and size gradation
L = 2.54K(log d)

The depth of various layers of ground are :

Size(mm) = 2 5 10 20 40
Depth(cm)= 9.2 21.3 30.5 40 49
Increments (cm) = 9.2 12.1 9.2 9.5 9
Provide a gravel depth of 50cm.

Design of under drainage system

Plane area of each filter unit = 7 x 10 = 70m2
Total area of perforate = 3 x 10-3 x area of filter = 0.0997m2 = 997cm2
Total number of perforations of diameter 9mm = 997/ (1/4 x 0.92 ) = 1567.18 say1569 Nos
Total cross sectional area of laterals = 3 x area of perforation = 3 x 977 = 2991 cm 2

Area of central manifold = 2 x area of laterals = 2 x 2991 = 5982cm2

Diameter of central manifold = (5982 x 4 / 3.14) 2 = 87.27cm

Provide a commercially diameter of 900 mm

Assuming a spacing of 15 cm for laterals

No of laterals on both sides of manifold = 2 x 6.65 x (100/15) = 88.67 say 89

Cross sectional area of each lateral = ( 2991/89)1/2= 33.61cm2
Diameter of lateral = (33.61 x 4/3.14) 1/2 = 6.54cm
Provide laterals of diameter 80mm

No of perforations per laterals = 1568/80 = 19.6 say 20

Length of laterals = ½ (width of filter – diameter of manifold)
= ½ (5-0.9)
= 2.05m
Spacing of perforations = (2.05 x 100)/20
 = 10.25cm
Provide 20 perforations of 9mm dia at c/c Spacing of 102.5mm
Check

Length of each lateral / Dia of lateral = (2.05 x 1000)/ (80)

= 25.63 (which is less then 60)
Now let us assume that the rate of washing of filter be 45cm/min or 0.45m /min

The waste water discharge = 0.45 x (6.65 x 5) / 60

= 0.2494m3/s
Velocity of flow in laterals for wastewater = 0.25/89x[3.14/4 x (80) 2 /100]
= 0.62m/s

Similarly, velocity of flow in manifold = discharge / area

= (0.25x 4) / (3.14 x 0.92 )
= 0.39m/s

Which is less the 1.8m/s to 2.4m/s.

PLAN FOR FLOC CHAMBER

Figure 3: Floc Chamber

PLAN FOR SETTLING TANK

Figure 4: Settling Tank.

REFERENCE TO CODES AND STANDARDS

• IS 1172:1993 Code of basic requirements for water supply, drainage and sanitation.

• IS 2470(Part 1):1985 Code of practice for installation of septic tanks: Part I design,
criteria and construction

• IS 2470(Part 2):1985 Code of practice for installation of septic tanks: Part 2

Secondary treatment and disposal of septic tank effluent
MULTIDISCIPLINARY AND TEAM WORK

This project involves other disicipline works too which are as follows :
• Chemical Engineering
• Environmental Engineering
 SOFTWARE USED

• AUTOCAD 2019
 LINKAGE OF YOUR PROJECT
Socially relevant – The project is based on sewage treatment plant on completion
will lead to :
• Satisfy the increasing water demand
• Assist in quantity of waste water generated .
• Lower the pollutant level

Inter disciplinary – The project is linked with the following disciplines too :
• Chemical Engineering
• Environmental Engineering
 LITERATURE REVIEW

1. M Bhargavi Et.al(April,2018) :Analysis and Design of Sewage Treatment Plant : A

case study on Vizianagaram Municipality, volume 13, issue 6.

2. Puspalatha P & Kalpana P (September 20, 2016):Design approach for Sewage

Treatment Plant : A case Study of Srikakuam Greater Municipality , India .volume
12 , issue 9

3. Swati Shree Samal .(September –oct 2016) : Design of Sewage plant.IOSR Journal
of Mechanical and Civil engineering(IOSR-JMCE),Volume 13,Issue 5, version V
 REFERENCES

1. Sk Garg ,”Sewage disposal and air pollution engineering “.Khanna publishers ,2012
edition
2. Pushpalatha and Kalpana ,” Design of Sewage Treatment Plant : A case study of
Srikakulam greater municipality “,India , volume 12
3. Ms.S.Ramya ,Aswani Krishna ,Athulya Babu,Harsha K Rajan, “Design of Sewage
Treatment Plant and Characteristics of Sewage “.2005
4. IS 1172:1993 Code of basic requirements for water supply,drainage and sanitation.
5. IS 2470(Part 1):1985 Code of practice for installation of septic tanks: Part I design,
criteria and construction
6. IS 2470(Part 2):1985 Code of practice for installation of septic tanks: Part 2
Secondary treatment and disposal of septic tank effluent
THANK YOU