8 Department of Education

National Capital Region

S CHOOLS DIVIS ION OFFICE
MARIK INA CITY

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 2: Module 6
HYPOTHESIS AND CONCLUSION OF
IF - THEN STATEMENTS

Writer: Stephanie Angelica A. Mamangon

Cover Illustrator: Joel J. Estudillo

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Hello, Grade 8 learners! In this module, you will learn how to :

• determine the relationship between the hypothesis and the conclusion of

an if-then statement. M8AL-IIg-34
• transform a statement into an equivalent if-then statement. M8GE-IIg-35

You can say that you have understood the lessons in this module if you
can already:

1. determine the hypothesis and the conclusion of statements.

2. determine the relationship between the hypothesis and the conclusion
of an if-then statement.
3. identify if the statement is valid or invalid.
4. transform a statement into an equivalent if-then statement.

Read the items carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.

1. Which is the hypothesis in the given statement below?

If Stephanie is a teacher in Marikina, then she is humble.
A. Stephanie C. humble
B. Stephanie is a teacher in Marikina D. she is humble
2. Which is the conclusion in the given statement below?
If Stephanie is a teacher in Marikina, then she is humble.
A. Stephanie C. humble
B. Stephanie is a teacher in Marikina D. she is humble

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3. What can you say about the statement below?
Marikina teachers are humble. Rowena and Inday teach in Marikina,
so they are humble.
A. The statement is valid. C. The proportion is MT:h=h:MT.
B. The statement is invalid. D. The statement is incorrect.
4. What is the if-then form of the statement below?
Rowena and Inday teach in Marikina, so they are humble.
A. If Rowena and Inday live in Marikina, then they are humble.
B. If Rowena and Inday are humble, then they teach in Marikina.
C. If Rowena and Inday teach in Marikina, then they are humble.
D. If Rowena and Inday are teachers, then they are humble.
5. Which is the hypothesis in the given statement below?
If Louie is a police officer in Marikina, then he wears a complete
uniform.
A. Louie
B. Louie is a police officer in Marikina.
C. wears complete uniform
D. he wears a complete uniform.
6. Which is the conclusion in the given statement below?
If Louie is a police officer in Marikina, then he wears a complete
uniform.
A. Louie
B. Louie is a police officer in Marikina.
C. wears complete uniform
D. he wears a complete uniform.
7. What can you say about the statement below?
The police officers in Marikina always wear their complete uniform.
Cardo and Ador always wear their complete uniform, therefore they are
Marikina police officers.
A. The statement is valid. C. The proportion is PM:CU=PM:CU.
B. The statement is invalid. D. The statement is correct.

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8. What is the if-then form of the statement below?
Cardo and Ador always wear their complete uniform, therefore they
are Marikina police officers.
A. If Cardo and Ador always wear their complete uniform, then they are
police officers.
B. If Cardo and Ador are Marikina police officers, then they always wear
their complete uniform.
C. If Cardo and Ador always wear their complete uniform, then they are
Marikina police officers.
D. If Cardo and Ador are police officers, then they always wear their
complete uniform.
9. Which is the if-then form of the statement “An intelligent student can pass
Mathematics”?
A. If a student is intelligent, then s/he can pass Mathematics.
B. If a student can pass Mathematics, then s/he is intelligent.
C. If a student is not intelligent, then s/he cannot pass Mathematics.
D. If a student cannot pass Mathematics, then s/he is not intelligent.
10. What is the if-then form of the statement “Parallel lines never intersect”?
A. If two lines intersect, then they are parallel.
B. If two lines are parallel, then they never intersect.
C. If two lines intersect, then they are not parallel.
D. If two lines are not parallel, then they intersect.

An If-Then statement is also called as a Conditional statement. It is

comprised of a hypothesis or the condition and a conclusion or the effect once
the condition is done. Let us have a recall about the Truth Values.

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 In this table, p stands for the hypothesis while q is the conclusion. p -> q
is the final verdict of the if-then statement. T means true while F is false. When
is a statement TRUE? When is it FALSE?

In an If-Then statement, the final verdict is false when the outcome is not
met even though the condition has been done. For example, If Sophia studies
her lesson then she cannot watch TV. If you are her, will it be fine if you have
studied your lesson already, but you are not allowed to watch TV? Of course, it
is not OK. That is why, it is a false statement. It gives you an invalid statement.

Define the following words in terms of the subject area where they are
used.
1. Hypothesis (Science)
2. Conclusion (English)
3. Proportion (Mathematics)

Lesson 1 : Determine The Relationship Between The Hypothesis And

The Conclusion Of An If-Then Statement.

Fill-in the blanks the appropriate term to make the statement valid.
1. Planets revolve around the sun. Earth is a __________, so it revolves
around the sun.
2. People who love to eat sweets have sweet tooth. Sophia loves sweets,
therefore she has a __________.
3. They say that an apple a day keeps the doctor away. Louise eats an apple
a day, so she __________.
4. There is a saying that no man is an island. Louie is a __________, so he
cannot live alone.
5. A dog is a man’s bestfriend. Bantay is a dog, therefore he is a __________.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

In Mathematics, before you state your conclusions you must be guided or
supported by logical statements or hypothesis. If the statements are illogical,
then the whole thought is invalid.

Definition of Terms
HYPOTHESIS – is the condition in a given statement.
CONCLUSION – is the judgment reached by reasoning.
PROPORTION – is the equality of two ratios.

Look at the statement below.

A person, who loves to cook, makes delicious foods.
The hypothesis or the condition in the sentence is A person, who loves to
cook. The conclusion or judgment is makes delicious foods.

In the statement, the person must love to cook so s/he can make delicious
foods.
How do we identify if a statement is valid or invalid?
For us to identify which statement is valid or invalid, we must follow this
proportion,
Hypothesis : Conclusion = Hypothesis : Conclusion

EXAMPLE:

1. Young actresses are health conscious. Norma

and Perla are young actresses, then they are
health conscious.
Hypothesis : young actresses (YA)

Conclusion : health conscious (HC)

Proportion : YA : HC = YA : HC (VALID)
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 2. Students who are good in Mathematics are smart.
Maria and Rowena are smart, then they are good in
Mathematics.
Hypothesis : good in Mathematics (GM)

Conclusion : smart (S)

Proportion : GM: S = S : GM (INVALID)

State whether the statement is valid or invalid.

1. Miss Earth candidates are environmentalists. Maria and Antonia are
environmentalists, then they are Miss Earth candidates.
2. Marikina City is a safe environment to live in. Pedro lives in a safe
environment, then he is in Marikina City.
3. Residents in Marikina are disciplined. Juan and Maria live in Marikina
Heights, so they are disciplined.
4. People who are happy and contented live peacefully. Concepcion and
Lourdes live peacefully, therefore they are happy and contented.
5. Cats love to sleep. Grey is a cat, so he loves to sleep.

Complete the statements below.

Hypothesis is the __________ in a given statement while __________

is the judgment reached by reasoning. Proportion is the __________ between
two ratios.
To determine the validity of a statement, it must follow the proportion
__________ : Conclusion = hypothesis : __________

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

CREATING A LIST OF CONDITIONS
Goal : To determine which conditions are valid and invalid.

Role : Suppose you live your life with conditions.

Activity : Make a list of conditions you usually consider in the given situations
Situation : You always have conditions every time you do things. Until one day
you have realized that the condition you thought of did not fit the effect.
Sometimes we expect things to happen depending on the condition that
we want. That’s why you came up with an idea of listing all the conditions
that you usually consider in every situation. You have to determine which
among them are valid and invalid.
Product : A list of conditions considered as valid or invalid

Standards for Success : A list of 3 conditions per situation showing if they are
valid or invalid.
Example :

Doing House Chores

CONDITIONS VALID INVALID
1. If I will wash the
dishes, then I can √
watch TV.
Situations:
1. Doing house chores
2. Submitting school works

3. Eating foods
4. Doing exercises
5. Taking care of pets

SCORING RUBRICS :
CRITERIA 4 3 2 1
There is an There is an
There are 3 There are 3 incomplete incomplete
conditions for conditions for number of number of
each situation each situation conditions in conditions in
and there is but there a situation but a situation
Completeness
an entry for is/are no there is an and there
valid/invalid in entry/entries entry for is/are no
each for valid/invalid in entry/entries
condition. valid/invalid. each for
condition. valid/invalid.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

 100% of the 80% of the Below 80% of
90% of the
conditions conditions the conditions
Accurateness conditions suit
suit the suit the suit the
the situations.
situations. situations. situations.
Submitted
Submitted a
Submitted Submitted on beyond 1
Punctuality week after the
ahead of time time week after the
deadline
deadline

Read the items carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.

1. Which is the hypothesis in the given statement below?

Ruby lives in Marikina, so she is a law-abiding citizen.
A. Ruby C. law-abiding citizen
B. Ruby lives in Marikina D. she is a law-abiding citizen
2. Which is the conclusion in the given statement below?
Ruby lives in Marikina, so she is a law-abiding citizen.
A. Ruby C. law-abiding citizen
B. Ruby lives in Marikina D. she is a law-abiding citizen
3. What can you say about the statement below?
Residents of Marikina are law-abiding citizens. Miko and Luigi are
law-abiding citizens, therefore they are residents of Marikina.
A. The statement is valid.
B. The statement is invalid.
C. The proportion is RM:LAC=RM:LAC.
D. The statement is correct.
4. In the statement in item #3, what is the proportion?
A. RM : LAC = LAC : RM C. LAC : RM = RM : LAC
B. RM : LAC = RM : LAC D. LAC : RM = LAC : RM
5. Which of the following is the proportion to make a statement valid?
A. hypothesis : conclusion = conclusion : hypothesis
B. conclusion : hypothesis = conclusion : hypothesis
C. hypothesis : conclusion = hypothesis : conclusion
D. conclusion : hypothesis = hypothesis : conclusion

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Determine if the statement is valid or invalid.
1. Hospitals in Marikina are clean. St. Lukes Medical Center is clean, therefore
it is located in Marikina.

2. Dogs are man’s bestfriend. Spot is a dog, so he is a man’s bestfriend.

3. Planets revolve around the sun. Earth is a planet, therefore it revolves around
the sun.

4. Flowers are used to surprise a loved one. Sophia was surprised by her friend,
then she got flowers.

5. Southeast Asian countries are nice to visit for a vacation. Philippines is in

Southeast Asia, so it a nice place for a vacation.

Lesson 2 : Transform a statement into an equivalent if-then

statement

In a sheet of paper, do the following :

In 1 paragraph, write your thoughts about living your life without

conditions. Try to reflect on the possible consequences of doing things without
any reason for doing such deeds.

DISCIPLINE • GOOD TASTE • EXCELLENCE

Complete the If-then statements below.
1. If I will study my lessons, then __________.
2. If I will brush my teeth after every meal, then __________.
3. If I will not clean my room, then __________.
4. If I will finish my food, then __________.
5. If I will submit my project on time, then __________.

In life, we are taught that everything happens for a reason. No matter what has
been done, it will always have its causes. If-then statements are being used to
somehow determine the possible outcomes of certain actions.

If-Then statements are also called as CONDITIONAL STATEMENTS. The

word “if” signals the condition or the hypothesis while the term “then” states the
outcome or the conclusion.

To make an if-then form, we must follow this format :

If (hypothesis), then (conclusion).

EXAMPLES :
1. Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health.
Hypothesis : A person smokes.
Conclusion : His health is in danger.
If-Then form : If a person smokes, then his health is in danger.

2. A segment has exactly 1 midpoint.

Hypothesis : AB is a segment.
Conclusion : It has exactly 1 midpoint.
If-Then form : If AB is a segment, then it has exactly 1 midpoint.

3. A triangle consists of 3 sides, angles, and vertices.

Hypothesis : A polygon is a triangle.
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Conclusion : It has 3 sides, angles, and vertices.
If-Then form : If a polygon is a triangle, then it has 3 sides, angles, and
vertices.

Create the if-then form of each statement.

1. Vertical line is not a function.
2. Parallel lines do not intersect.
3. Right angles are congruent.
4. A line has 1 dimension and extends on opposite directions.
5. A segment is a part of a line with two endpoints.

Complete the statements below.

If-Then statements are also called as __________ STATEMENTS. The

word “_____” signals the condition or the __________ while the term “then”
states the outcome or the __________.

To make an if-then form, we must follow this format :

If (hypothesis), __________ (conclusion).

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Listed below are 5 locations. Write 3 conditional statements depending
on the first letter of your surname.

(A-E) HOME

(F-J) SCHOOL

(K-O) PUBLIC MARKET

(P-T) HOSPITAL

(U-Z) DEPARTMENT STORE

Example : (HOME) “Kung kumain ka na, maaari ka nang matulog.”

Read the items carefully. Choose the letter that corresponds to the correct
answer.

1. Which is the if-then form of the statement “Vertical angles are congruent”?
A. If angles are vertical, then they are congruent.
B. If angles are congruent, then they are vertical.
C. If angles are not vertical, then they are not congruent.
D. If angles are not congruent, then they are not vertical.
2. What is the if-then form of the statement “A triangle has 3 vertices”?
A. If a polygon has 3 vertices, then it is a triangle.
B. If a polygon does not have 3 vertices, then it is not a triangle.
C. If a polygon is not a triangle, then it does not have 3 vertices.
D. If a polygon is a triangle, then it has 3 vertices.

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3. What is the if-then form of the statement “AB is a segment because it has 2
endpoints”?
A. If AB is a segment, then it has 2 endpoints.
B. If AB has 2 endpoints, then it is a segment.
C. If AB is not a segment, then it does not have 2 endpoints.
D. If AB does not have 2 endpoints, then it is not a segment.
4. Which is the if-then form of the statement “Learners studying in Marikina love
Mathematics”?

A. If learners love Mathematics, then they study in Marikina.

B. If learners study in Marikina, then they love Mathematics.
C. If learners do not love Mathematics, then they do not study in
Marikina.
D. If learners do not study in Marikina, then they do not love
Mathematics.
5. What is the if-then form of the statement “A scalene triangle has no congruent
sides”?
A. If a triangle has no congruent sides, then it is a scalene triangle.
B. If a triangle has congruent sides, then it is not a scalene triangle.
C. If a triangle is scalene, then it has no congruent sides.
D. If a triangle is not scalene, then it has congruent sides.

Transform the statements into if-then form.

1. St. Lukes Medical Center is clean; therefore it is located in Marikina.
2. Spot is a dog, so he is a man’s best friend.
3. Earth is a planet, therefore it revolves around the sun.
4. Sophia was surprised by her friend, then she got flowers.
5. Philippines is in Southeast Asia, so it a nice place for a vacation.
6.
SUMMATIVE TEST

Encircle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer.

1. Which is the hypothesis in the given statement below?

If shoes are Marikina-made, then they are of high quality.
A. shoes C. high quality
B. shoes are Marikina-made D. they are of high quality.
2. Which is the conclusion in the given statement below?
If shoes are Marikina-made, then they are of high quality.
A. shoes C. high quality
B. shoes are Marikina-made D. they are of high quality.
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3. What can you say about the statement below?
Marikina shoes have high quality. Louie’s shoes have high quality,
therefore they are Marikina shoes.
A. The statement is valid. C. The proportion is MS:HQ=MS:HQ.
B. The statement is invalid. D. The statement is correct.
4. What is the if-then form of the statement below?
Louie’s shoes have high quality, therefore they are Marikina shoes.
A. If Louie’s shoes have high quality, then they are Marikina shoes.
B. If Louie’s shoes are Marikina made, then they have high quality.
C. If Louie’s shoes do not have high quality, then they are not Marikina
shoes.
D. If Louie’s shoes are not Marikina made, then they do not have high
quality.
5. Which is the hypothesis in the given statement below?
If you are a Marikina teacher, then you are hardworking.
A. you are a Marikina teacher C. you are hardworking
B. Marikina teacher D. hardworking

6. Which is the conclusion in the given statement below?

If you are a Marikina teacher, then you are hardworking.
A. you are a Marikina teacher C. you are hardworking
B. Marikina teacher D. hardworking
7. What can you say about the statement below?
Teachers in Marikina are hardworking. Anton and Gilbert are
hardworking, therefore they are Marikina teachers.
A. The statement is valid. C. The proportion is TM:h=TM:h.
B. The statement is invalid. D. The statement is correct.

8. What is the if-then form of the statement below?

Harold and Phoebe love to eat fruits and vegetables. They are
healthy.
A. If Harold and Phoebe are healthy, then they love to eat fruits and
vegetables.
B. If Harold and Phoebe are unhealthy, then they do not love to eat fruits
and vegetables.
C. If Harold and Phoebe love to eat fruits and vegetables, then they are
healthy.
D. If Harold and Phoebe do not love to eat fruits and vegetables, then
they are unhealthy.
9. Which is the if-then form of the statement “Learners who study their lessons
have good study habits”?
A. If learners study their lessons, then they have good study habits.
B. If learners do not study their lessons, then they do not have good study
habits.
C. If learners have good study habits, then they study their lessons.
D. If learners do not have good study habits, then they do not study their
lessons.

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10. What is the if-then form of the statement “Students practicing good time
management can finish answering their modules on time”?
A. If students do not practice good time management, then they cannot
finish answering their modules on time.
B. If students cannot finish answering their modules on time, then they
do not practice good time management.
C. If students practice good time management, then they can finish
answering their modules on time.
D. If students can finish answering their modules on time, then they
practice good time management.

LESSON 1
pinterest.com (illustration of 2 women)
stock.adobe.com (illustration of a girl studying her lessons)

LESSON 2

depositphotos.com (illustration of cigarette and lungs)

jwilson.coe.uga.edu. (illustration of segment AB)
tl.gitarijadakisac.com (illustration of a woman eating and sleeping)

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Answer Key

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 Development Team of the Module

Writer: Stephanie Angelica A. Mamangon (MHHS)

Editors: Violentina J. Asuncion (PHS)
Bielynda C. Daelo (JDPNHS)
Analyn C. Santos (MSHS)
Internal Reviewer: Dominador J. Villafria (Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics)
External Reviewer: PNU Validators
Cover Illustrator & Layout Artist: Joel J. Estudillo (SNNHS)
Management Team:
Sheryll T. Gayola
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
OIC, Office of the Schools Division Superintendent

Elisa O. Cerveza
Chief, CID
OIC, Office of the Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

Dominador J. Villafria
Education Program Supervisor-Mathematics

Ivy Coney A. Gamatero

Education Program Supervisor– LRMS

For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Schools Division Office- Marikina City

Email Address: sdo.marikina@deped.gov.ph

191 Shoe Ave., Sta. Elena, Marikina City, 1800, Philippines

Telefax: (02) 682-2472 / 682-3989

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