NCERT Solutions Class 10 Maths Chapter 14 Exercise 14.

Q1. The following table shows the ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during
a year:

Age (in years) 5 – 15 15 – 25 25 – 35 35 – 45 45 – 55 55 – 65

Number of Patients 6 11 21 23 14 5

Find the mode and the mean of the data given above. Compare and interpret the two
measures of central tendency.

Difficulty Level:
Moderate

Known:
The ages of the patients admitted in a hospital during a year.

Unknown:
The mode and the mean of the data and their comparison and interpretation.

Reasoning:
We will find the mean by direct method.
Mean, x = 
fi xi
f i

Modal Class is the class with highest frequency

 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
Where,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f1
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2

Solution:
To find Mean

We know that,
Upper class limit + Lower class limit
Class mark, xi =
2
 Age Number of patients xi fi xi
(in years) fi
5 – 15 6 10 6
15 – 25 11 20 220
25 – 35 21 30 630
35 – 45 23 40 920
45 – 55 14 50 700
55 – 65 5 60 300
f i = 80 fxi i = 2830

From the table it can be observed that,

 f = 80
i

 f x = 2830
i i

Mean, x = 
fi xi
f i

2830
=
80
= 35.37

To find mode
We know that, Modal Class is the class with highest frequency

Age Number of patients

(in years) fi
5 – 15 6
15 – 25 11
25 – 35 21
35 – 45 23
45 – 55 14
55 – 65 5

From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class frequency is 23, belonging to
class interval 35 − 45.

Therefore, Modal class = 35 − 45

Class size, h = 10
Lower limit of modal class, l = 35
Frequency of modal class, f1 = 23
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0 = 21
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2 = 14
 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 1 0 2
2 f − f − f
 23 − 21 
= 35 +    10
 2  23 − 21 − 14 
 2 
= 35 +   10
 46 − 35 
2
= 35 + 10
11
= 35 + 1.8
= 36.8
So, the modal age is 36.8 years which means maximum patients admitted to the hospital
are of age 36.8 years.

Mean age is 35.37 and average age of the patients admitted is 35.37 years.

Q2. The following data gives information on the observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225
electric components

Lifetime (in hours) 0 – 20 20 – 40 40 – 60 60 – 80 80 – 100 100 – 120

Frequency 10 35 52 61 38 29

Determine the modal lifetimes of the components.

Difficulty Level:
Moderate

Known:
The observed lifetimes (in hours) of 225 electric components.

Unknown:
The modal lifetimes of the components.

Reasoning:
Modal Class is the class with highest frequency
 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
Where,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f1
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2
Solution:

Lifetime (in hours) Frequency

0 – 20 10

20 – 40 35

40 – 60 52

60 – 80 61

80 – 100 38

100 – 120 29

From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class frequency is 61, belonging to
class interval 60 − 80

Therefore, Modal class = 60 − 80

Class size, h = 20

Lower limit of modal class, l = 60

Frequency of modal class, f1 = 61

Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0 = 52

Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2 = 38

 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
 61 − 52 
= 60 +    20
 2  61 − 52 − 38 
 9 
= 60 +    20
 122 − 90 
9
= 60 +  20
32
= 60 + 5.625
= 65.625

Hence, the modal lifetimes of the components are 65.625 hours.

Q3. The following data gives the distribution of total monthly household expenditure
of 200 families of a village. Find the modal monthly expenditure of the families.
Also find the mean monthly expenditure.

Expenditure (in ₹) Number of families

1000 – 1500 24
1500 – 2000 40
2000 – 2500 33
2500 – 3000 28
3000 – 3500 30
3500 – 4000 22
4000 – 4500 16
4500 – 5000 7
Difficulty Level:
Moderate

Known:
The total monthly household expenditure of 200 families of a village.

Unknown:
The modal and mean monthly expenditure of the families.

Reasoning:
We will find the mean by step-deviation method.

Mean, x = a +  
 fi ui 
  h
  f i 
Modal Class is the class with highest frequency
 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
Where,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f1
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2

Solution:
To find mean, we know that,
 Upper class limit + Lower class limit
Class mark, xi =
2
Class size, h = 500
Taking assumed mean, a = 2750

Expenditure Number of families di

xi di = xi − a ui = fi ui
(in ₹) fi h
1000 – 1500 24 1250 –1500 –3 –72
1500 – 2000 40 1750 –1000 –2 –80
2000 – 2500 33 2250 –500 –1 –33
2500 –3000 28 2750 (a) 0 0 0
3000 – 3500 30 3250 500 1 30
3500 – 4000 22 3750 1000 2 44
4000 – 4500 16 4250 1500 3 48
4500 – 5000 7 4750 2000 4 28
f i = 200  fu
i i = −35

From the table, we obtain

 f = 200
i

 f u = −35
i i

Mean, x = a +  
 fi ui 
  h
  f i 
 −35 
= 2750 +    500
 200 
175
= 2750 −
2
= 2750 − 87.5
= 2662.5

To find mode
Expenditure (in ₹) Number of families
1000 – 1500 24
1500 – 2000 40
2000 – 2500 33
2500 – 3000 28
3000 – 3500 30
3500 – 4000 22
4000 – 4500 16
4500 – 5000 7
From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class frequency
is 40, belonging to class interval 1500 − 2000
Therefore, Modal class = 1500 − 2000

Class size, h = 500

Lower limit of modal class, l = 1500
Frequency of modal class, f1 = 40
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0 = 24
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2 = 33

 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
 40 − 24 
= 1500 +    500
 2  40 − 24 − 33 
 16 
= 1500 +    500
 80 − 57 
16
= 1500 +  500
23
= 1500 + 347.83
= 1847.83

The modal monthly expenditure of the families is ₹ 1847.83

and the mean monthly expenditure of the families is ₹ 2662.50

Q4. The following data gives the state- wise teacher- student ratio in higher
secondary schools of India. Find the mode and mean of the data and interpret
the two.

Number of students per teacher Number of states / U.T.

15 – 20 3
20 – 25 8
25 – 30 9
30 – 35 10
35 – 40 3
40 – 45 0
45 – 50 0
50 – 55 2

Difficulty Level:
Moderate
Known:
The state- wise teacher- student ratio in higher secondary schools of India.

Unknown:
The mode and mean of the data and their interpretation.

Reasoning:
We will find the mean by direct method.
Mean, x = 
fi xi
f i

Modal Class is the class with highest frequency

 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
Where,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f1
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2

Solution:
To find mean
We know that,
Upper class limit + Lower class limit
Class mark, xi =
2
Class size, h = 500
Taking assumed mean, a = 2750

Number of students per Number of states / U.T.

xi fi xi
teacher fi
15 – 20 3 17.5 52.5
20 – 25 8 22.5 180
25 – 30 9 27.5 247.5
30 – 35 10 32.5 325
35 – 40 3 37.5 112.5
40 – 45 0 42.5 0
45 – 50 0 47.5 0
50 – 55 2 52.5 105
f i = 35 fx
i i = 1024

Mean, x = 
fi xi
f i

1024
=
35
= 29.26
To find mode

Number of students per teacher Number of states / U.T.

15 – 20 3
20 – 25 8
25 – 30 9
30 – 35 10
35 – 40 3
40 – 45 0
45 – 50 0
50 – 55 2

From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class frequency is 10, belonging to
class interval 30 − 35

Therefore, Modal class = 30 − 35

Class size, h = 5
Lower limit of modal class, l = 30

Frequency of modal class, f1 = 10

Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0 = 9
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2 = 3

 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
 10 − 9 
= 30 +  5
 2 10 − 9 − 3 
 1 
= 30 +  5
 20 − 12 
5
= 30 +
8
= 30 + 0.625
= 30.625
= 30.6

The modal teacher- student ratio is 30.6 and mean teacher- student ratio is 29.26.
Most states/U.T. have a teacher- student ratio of 30.6 and on an average the ratio is 29.26
Q5. The given distribution shows the number of runs scored by some top batsman
of the world in one- day international cricket matches.

Runs scored Number of batsmen

3000 – 4000 4
4000 – 5000 18
5000 – 6000 9
6000 – 7000 7
7000 – 8000 6
8000 – 9000 3
9000 – 10000 1
10000 –11000 1

Find the mode of the data.

Difficulty Level:
Moderate

Known:
The number of runs scored by some top batsman of the world in one- day international
cricket matches.

Unknown:
The mode of the data.

Reasoning:
Modal Class is the class with highest frequency
 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
2 f −
 1 0 2f − f
Where,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f1
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2

Solution:
From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class frequency is 18, belonging to
class interval 4000 − 5000
Therefore, Modal class = 4000 − 5000
Class size, h = 1000
Lower limit of modal class, l = 4000
Frequency of modal class, f1 = 18
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0 = 4
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2 = 9

 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
 18 − 4 
= 4000 +   1000
 2 18 − 4 − 9 
 14 
= 4000 +   1000
 36 − 13 
14
= 4000 + 1000
23
= 4000 + 608.695
= 4608.695
= 4608.7

Hence the mode is 4608.7

Q6. A student noted the number of cars passing through a spot on a road for 100
periods each of 3 minutes and summarised it in the table given below. Find mode of
the data.

Number of cars 0 –10 10 – 20 20 – 30 30 – 40 40 – 50 50 – 60 60 – 70 70 – 80

Frequency 7 14 13 12 20 11 15 8

Difficulty Level:
Moderate

Known:
The number of cars passing through a spot on a road for 100 periods each of 3 minutes.

Unknown:
The mode of the data.

Reasoning:
Modal Class is the class with highest frequency
 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 2 f1 − f 0 − f 2 
Where,
Class size, h
Lower limit of modal class, l
Frequency of modal class, f1
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2

Solution:
From the table, it can be observed that the maximum class frequency is 20, belonging to
class interval 40 − 50
Therefore, Modal class = 40 − 50

Class size, h = 10
Lower limit of modal class, l = 40
Frequency of modal class, f1 = 20
Frequency of class preceding modal class, f 0 = 12
Frequency of class succeeding the modal class, f 2 = 11

 f1 − f 0 
Mode = l +   h
 1 0 2
2 f − f − f
 20 − 12 
= 40 +   10
 2  20 − 12 − 11 
 8 
= 40 +   10
 40 − 23 
8
= 40 + 10
17
= 40 + 4.705
= 40.705
= 40.7

Hence the mode is 40.7