NUT AND BOLT MODELLING USING AUTOCAD

A skill-oriented course-I report

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

In partial fulfillment of the required for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

AEROSPACE ENGINEERING
Submitted by

BONAGIRI JYOTHIRMAI-23761A5607

Under the Guidance of

Mr. ASHUTOSH SHUKLA

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

LAKIREDDY BALIREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING (AUTONOMOUS)
(Approved by AICTE, Affiliated to JNTUK and ISO9001-2015 certified)

L. B. Reddy Nagar, Mylavaram-521 23 NTR Dist.

(2024-2025)

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LAKIREDDY BALIREDDY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING(AUTONOMOUS)
(Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada & Approved by AICTE, New Delhi)
NAAC Accredited with an "A" grade, certified by ISO 9001:2015
L. B. Reddy Nagar, Mylavaram-NTR Dist.

DEPARTMENT OF AEROSPACE ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the skill-oriented course-I report entitled “NUT AND
BOLT MODELLING USING AUTOCAD” that is being submitted for the partial
fulfillment of the BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY degree in AEROSPACE
ENGINEERING to JNTUK, Kakinada is a Bonafide work done by BONAGIRI
JYOTHIRMAI (23761A5607), during the academic year 2024-2025 and it has
been found worthy of acceptance according to the requirement of the university.

Head of the Department

(Dr.P.Lovaraju)
Professor &HOD

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The Satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of any

task would be incomplete without the mention of the people whose
ceaseless co- operation made it possible, and whose constant guidance
and encouragement crown all efforts with success.
This would not have been possible without the help, support, and
encouragement of our Head of the Department Dr. P. LOVARAJU,
who is our mentor. I am very much thankful for his advice unsurpassed
knowledge and technical skills.
I am particularly grateful for the assistance provided by Mr. Ashutosh
shukla (Asst. Professor) and Mr. Nazumuddin Shaik(Sr.Assistant
Professor) for their valuable and constructive suggestions during the
period of this course. Their willingness to give their time so
generously has helped me a lot.

BONAGIRI JYOTHIRMAI
(23761A5607)

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 INDEX

S.No TABLE OF CONTENTS PAG.No REMARKS

1. ABSTRACT 5

2. INTRODUCTION TO CAD 6-9

3. COMPONENTS OF CPU 10-14

FAN

4. MODELING USING 15-18

AUTOCAD

5. APPLICATIONS OF CPU 19
FAN

6. CONCLUSION 20

7. BIBLIOGRAPHY 21

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 ABSTRACT:

This project focuses on the design and modelling of a nut and bolt assembly
using AutoCAD, a widely used computer-aided design (CAD) software. The
objective is to create precise 2D and 3D models of standard nut and bolt
components, ensuring accuracy in dimensions, threads, and mechanical
properties. The modelling process includes generating detailed drawings for
both parts, which can then be used for manufacturing, prototyping, and
assembly in mechanical engineering applications.

The nut and bolt assembly is an essential component in various mechanical

systems, and its design must meet strict standards for functionality, durability,
and ease of production. AutoCAD provides a versatile platform for engineers
to visualize, modify, and optimize such designs with high precision. The project
highlights key steps such as sketching the basic geometry, applying thread
patterns, and dimensioning the final design according to industry standards.

Through this project, users gain hands-on experience in utilizing AutoCAD’s

advanced features for mechanical design, including layer management, block
creation, and 3D modelling techniques. The resulting drawings are suitable for
manufacturing processes such as CNC machining, casting, or 3D printing. The
successful modelling of nut and bolt components demonstrates AutoCAD's
ability to streamline the design process for critical mechanical parts, enhancing
efficiency and accuracy in product development.

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 INTRODUCTION TO AUTOCAD:

Computer-Aided Design and Drawing (CADD) is an electronic tool that

enables us to make quick and accurate drawings with the use of a computer.
Drawings created with CAD have several advantages over drawings created
on a drawing board. CAD drawings are neat, clean, and highly presentable.
Electronic drawings can be modified quite easily and can be presented in a
variety of formats. There are hundreds of CAD programs available in the CAD
industry today. Some are intended for general drawing work while others are
focused on specific engineering applications. Some programs enable you to
do 2D drawings, 3D drawings, renderings, shadings, engineering calculations,
space planning, structural design, piping layouts, plant design, project
management, etc.

CAD means computer-aided design or drafting. AutoCAD is the most widely

used software developed by Auto Desk. AutoCAD is a drafting package in
almost all engineering branches. AutoCAD is one of the most popular CAD
packages. It is a general-purpose computer-aided design. We can draw
geometrical entries like plans, sections, software drawings, circuit designs,
machine parts, and elevations of buildings.

• AutoCAD is a commercial computer-aided design (CAD) and drafting

software application.
• Developed and marketed by Autodesk, AutoCAD was first released in
December 1982 as a desktop app running on microcomputers with internal
graphics controllers.
• Present 28-version named AutoCAD 2024

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 • In 1883 Charles Babbage developed the idea for the computer. The first
CAD demonstration was given by Ivan Sutherland (1963). A year later
IBM produced the first commercial CAD system. Many changes have
taken place since then, with the advancement of powerful computers, it is
now possible to do all the designs using CAD including two-dimensional
drawings, solid modelling, complex engineering analysis, production, and
manufacturing.

ADVANTAGES OF CAD:

• Detail drawings may be created more quickly and making changes is more
efficient than correcting drawings drawn manually.
• It allows different views of the same object and a 3D pictorial view, which
gives better visualization of drawings.
• Designs and symbols can be stored for easy recall and reuse.
• By using the computer, the drawing can be produced with more accuracy.
• Drawings can be more conveniently filed, retrieved, and transmitted on
disks and tape.
• Quick Design Analysis, Simulation, and Testing Possible.

THE MAIN WINDOW OF AUTO CAD CONSISTS OF:

• The Menu Browser

• The Ribbon

• Info Center

• Steering Wheels

• Viewports

• Status Bar

• The Command Prompt

• Quick Access Toolbar

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 • View Cube

THE RIBBON
• Maximize the area available for work using a compact interface that
contains many of the same tools and controls available in toolbars and
dialog boxes. The ribbon can be displayed horizontally across the top of
the drawing window, vertically to the left or right of the drawing window,
or as a floating palette.

THE MENU BROWSER

Browse all of the classic drop-down menus available in AutoCAD, or perform a

real-time search of the menus, menu actions, tooltips, command prompt text strings,
and tags. Use the menu browser to browse for recent documents, currently open
documents, and commands recently executed from the menu browser.

INFO CENTER
Search for information through keywords or phrases, display the Communication
Center panel for product updates and announcements, or display the Favorites
panel to access saved topics. You can also receive information from RSS feeds to
which you subscribe, or feeds published by your CAD manager.

STEERING WHEELS

Access 2D and 3D navigation tools such as pan, zoom, orbit, rewind, and walk from
a single interface. Start the navigation tools by clicking a wedge or by clicking and
dragging the cursor over a wedge. You can access Steering Wheels from the drawing
status bar.

VIEWPORTS

Display multiple views of the same drawing, each with different visual styles. Add or
remove viewports using the VPORTS command, or from the ribbon on the View tab in
the Viewports panel.

STATUS BAR

View the coordinate values of your cursor, and access several buttons for turning
drawing tools on and off, as well as many display tools used to scale annotations.

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THE COMMAND PROMPT

• Execute a command by entering the full command name or command alias at

the command prompt and pressing ENTER or SPACEBAR. When Dynamic
Input is on and is set to display dynamic prompts, you can enter many
commands in tooltips that are displayed near the cursor.
• At the heart of the program is the Command window, which is normally
docked at the bottom of the application window. The Command window
displays prompts, options, and messages.

QUICK ACCESS TOOLBAR

Store commands that you frequently access in AutoCAD. By default, you can access
New, Open, Save, Plot, Undo, and Redo” from the Quick Access toolbar. Add commands
to the Quick Access toolbar using the shortcut menus of all commands on the ribbon,
menu browser, and toolbars.

VIEW CUBE

• Display visual feedback of the current orientation of a model, or adjust a

model's viewpoint. Restore the previous view, or click and drag er the
Rewind wedge to scroll through the navigation history to restore a previous
view. You can access the View Cube from the drawing status bar.

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NUT AND BOLT COMPONENTS AND TECHNICAL
INSIGHTS:

Before going to the details of the design, we will observe the main commands
and primary settings required for drawing the design.

PRIMARY SETTINGS:

To Create Your Drawing Template File

• You can save any drawing (.dwg) file as a drawing template (.dwt) file. You
can also open any existing drawing template file, modify it, and then save
it again, with a different filename if needed.

Units (command)

• An inch, a foot, a centimetre, a kilometre, or some other unit of length

Unit Display Settings

• Format (or Type). For example, a decimal length of 6.5 can be set to display
as a fractional length of 6-1/2 instead.
• Precision. For example, a decimal length of 6.5 can be set to display as 6.50,
6.500, or 6.5000

Model Scale

• Always create your models at full size (1:1 scale). The term model
refers geometry of your design.

• A drawing includes the model geometry along with the views, notes,
dimensions, callouts, tables, and the title block displayed in the layout.

Recommendations

• To open Help with information about the command in progress,

simply press F1.

• To repeat the previous command, press Enter or the Spacebar.

• To see various options, select an object and right-click, or right- click

a user interface element.

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 • To cancel a command in progress or if you ever feel stuck, press
Esc.For example, if you click in the drawing area before entering a
command, you will see something like the following:

• Pan a view in any direction by holding the wheel down and then moving
your mouse

• Zoom to the extent of your model by clicking the wheel twice.

• Tip: When you zoom in or out, the location of the cursor is important. Think
of your cursor as a magnifying glass. For example, if you position the cursor
in the upper-right area of the floor plan as shown below, zooming in
magnifies the dressing room without shifting the view
.

Viewing
Pan and zoom in a drawing, and control the order of overlapping objects.

Geometry:

• The User Coordinate System:

The user coordinate system (UCS) icon indicates the direction of the positive
X and Y axis for any coordinates that you enter, and it also defines the
horizontal and vertical directions in a drawing. In some 2D drawings, it can be
convenient to click, drag, and rotate the UCS to change the origin point and
the horizontal and vertical directions.

• Grid Display:

Some people like working with grid lines as a reference, while others prefer
working in a blank area. To turn off the grid display, press F7. Even with the
grid turned off, you can force your cursor to snap to grid increments by
pressing F9.

Now moving on to the details of the design:

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COMPONENTS OF NUT AND BOLT IN ASSEMBLY AS FOLLOWS:

1. Bolt head
2. Shank and Bolt Thread (external thread)
3. Nut Body and Thread (internal thread)
4. Bolt Length
5. Nut Thickness
6. Washer
7. Thread Pitch

BOLT HEAD:

The bolt head is the top, non-threaded part of a bolt, designed to be gripped be a
tool (such as a wrench or socket) to install or remove the bolt. It serves as the means
by which rotational force is applied to the bolt for tightening or loosening. The design
and shape of the bolt head are essential for ease of use, ensuring that the bolt can be
securely fastened or unfastened with appropriate tools.

COMMANDS DESCRIPTION
C CIRCLE / Creates a circle
L LINE / Creates straight-line segments
A ARC / Creates an arc
TR TRIM / Trims objects to meet the edges of
other objects
POL POLYGON / Create a polygon of required
number of sides
ORBIT 3DORBIT / Rotates the view in 3D space, but
constrained to horizontal and vertical orbit
only
M MOVE / Moves objects a specified distance in
a specified direction
J JOIN / Combine two or more objects into
a single object
SWEEP Creates a 3D solid or surface by sweeping
EXTRUDE Extends a 2D shape into 3D space

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SHANK AND BOLT THREAD:

The shank of a bolt is the long, cylindrical portion of the bolt, located between the
head and the threaded end. It is the main body of the bolt that extends from beneath
the head to the tip. The bolt thread is a helical ridge (or spiral groove) that runs along
the length of a bolt, providing the mechanism for the bolt to securely fasten with a nut
or threaded hole.

COMMANDS DESCRIPTION
C CIRCLE / Creates a circle
L LINE / Creates straight-line segments
CYL CYLINDER / Creates a cylinder
ORBIT 3DORBIT / Rotates the view in 3D space, but
constrained to horizontal and vertical orbit only

M MOVE / Moves objects a specified distance in a

specified direction
SWEEP Creates a 3D solid or surface by sweeping
EXTRUDE Extends a 2D shape into 3D space
HELIX HELIX / Creates a helix

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 NUT BODY AND NUT THREAD:

The nut body is the main structural part of a nut fastener. It is the portion of the nut
that houses the internal threads and provides the surface for engagement with the
bolt's external threads. The threads inside a nut are the helical grooves or ridges
that allow it to securely engage with the external threads of a bolt or stud. Nut threads
are a crucial feature of the fastener, as they enable the nut to "screw" onto the bolt,
creating a clamped connection between components.

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 COMMANDS DESCRIPTION
C This command creates a circle
L LINE / Creates straight-line segments
POL POL / Creates a polygon of required number
of sides
ORBIT 3DORBIT / Rotates the view in 3D space,
but
constrained to horizontal and vertical orbit
only
TR TRIM / Trims the unrequired part
M MOVE / Moves objects a specified distance
in a
specified direction
S STRETCH / Stretches objects crossed by a
selection window or polygon
SWEEP Creates a 3D solid or surface by sweeping
EXTRUDE Extends a 2D shape into 3D space
HELIX HELIX / Creates a helix

BOLT LENGTH:

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 The length of a bolt is a critical dimension that determines how far the bolt
extends beyond the surface of the material or components being fastened. It is
measured from the underneath the bolt head (or the underside of the flange, if
applicable) to the end of the bolt.

NUT THICKNESS:

The thickness of a nut refers to the distance between the flat surfaces of the nut,
typically measured from the top of the nut (the side with the opening for the bolt) to
the opposite side. Nut thickness is a crucial dimension that ensures the nut fits
properly on the bolt and provides the necessary mechanical strength to create a
secure, stable connection.
Thread pitch refers to the distance between adjacent threads on a bolt or nut,
usually measured along the axis of the fastener. It is a critical specification that
determines how tightly or loosely the threads engage, affecting the strength,
loadbearing capacity, and ease of assembly of the fastener.

WASHER:

A washer is a thin, flat disk with a hole in the centre that is used in
conjunction with a nut and bolt assembly. It is typically placed between the nut (or
bolt head) and the surface of the material being fastened. Washers are crucial
components in fastening systems.

MODELING OF NUT AND BOLT USING AUTO CAD

The modelling of a NUT and BOLT using AutoCAD is a critical step in the design.
The nut and bolt assembly is a critical component in mechanical engineering,
widely used to fasten parts and create secure connections in structures, machinery,
and everyday products. These two components are designed to work together, with
the bolt providing the male part that is inserted into a hole, and the nut serving as
the female part that secures the bolt. AutoCAD, one of the most powerful and
widely-used Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software tools in engineering.

MODEL USED: Part Design

Component Modelling:

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This is Step wise process I followed to design my model.

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FINAL MODEL OF NUT AND BOLT:

ISOMETRIC VIEW

APPLICATIONS OF NUT AND BOLT:

APPLICATIONS:

Bolts and nuts are fundamental fastening components used in a wide range of industries
and applications. Their ability to provide strong, reliable, and adjustable connections
makes them indispensable in everything from everyday items to complex industrial
machinery.

Machinery and Industrial Equipment:

• Heavy Machinery: Bolts and nuts are used extensively in industrial machinery,
from manufacturing plants to construction equipment. They secure critical
components such as motors, gearboxes, hydraulic systems, and conveyor belts.
• Pressure Vessels and Pipelines: Bolted flanged connections are often used in the
construction of pressure vessels, pipelines, and tanks to prevent leaks and
ensure the integrity of the system under high pressure or harsh environments.

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Automotive Industry:

• Vehicle Assembly: Bolts and nuts are essential in assembling parts of vehicles,
including the chassis, engine components, suspension, and body panels. They
provide the necessary strength and flexibility to withstand the stress and
vibration encountered by vehicles.
• Engine Components: Critical engine parts such as cylinder heads, manifolds,
and timing gears are typically fastened using bolts and nuts that can endure
high temperatures and pressures.
• Wheel and Brake Systems: Bolts and nuts are also used to attach wheels to the
axle and secure brake components in place, ensuring safety during vehicle
operation.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, bolts and nuts are essential fastening components that play
a critical role in countless applications across industries ranging from construction and
automotive to aerospace and electronics. These fasteners provide a reliable, secure, and
adjustable means of joining materials together, offering the strength and durability
needed to withstand varying loads, vibrations, and environmental conditions.

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 BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Autodesk Inc. (2023). _AutoCAD 2023 User's
Guide_. https://help.autodesk.com/view/ACD/2023/ENU/
• WikiHow. (2023). _How to Use
AutoCAD_. https://www.wikihow.com/Use-AutoCAD
• YouTube. (2023). _AutoCAD 3D Modeling Tutorial for
Beginners_. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WImtAFev3hY
• Mat Web. (2023). _Engineering Materials Information_.
https://www.matweb.com/

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