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    Modeling Monohybrid Crosses

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    sasmitaarthi

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    Modeling Monohybrid Crosses

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    sasmitaarthi
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    1 views4 pages

    Modeling Monohybrid Crosses

    Uploaded by

    sasmitaarthi

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Name Class Date

    Exploration Lab

    Modeling Monohybrid Crosses


    OBJECTIVES
    Predict the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of offspring resulting from the
    random pairing of gametes.
    Calculate the genotypic ratio and phenotypic ratio among the offspring of a
    monohybrid cross.

    PROCESS SKILLS
    • predicting
    • organizing
    • analyzing data
    • calculating

    MATERIALS
    • lentils
    • green peas
    • 2 Petri dishes

    Background
    1. How many traits are involved in a monohybrid cross? How many alleles are
    involved?

    2. What prevents the expression of a recessive allele?

    3. When gametes form, what happens to the alleles for each trait?

    PART A: SIMULATING A MONOHYBRID CROSS


    1. You will model the random pairing of alleles by choosing lentils and peas
    from Petri dishes. These dried seeds will represent the alleles for seed color.
    A green pea will represent G, the dominant allele for green seeds, and a lentil
    will represent g, the recessive allele for yellow seeds.

    Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.


    Modern Biology 57 Datasheets for In-Text Labs
    Name Class Date

    Modeling Monohybrid Crosses continued

    2. The seeds in each Petri dish will represent the alleles from a single parent.
    Label one Petri dish “female gametes” and the other Petri dish “male
    gametes.” Place one green pea and one lentil in the Petri dish labeled “female
    gametes,” and place one green pea and one lentil in the Petri dish labeled
    “male gametes.”
    3. Each parent contributes one allele to each offspring. Model a cross between
    these two parents by choosing a random pairing of the dried seeds from the
    two containers. Do so by simultaneously picking one seed from each con-
    tainer without looking. Place the pair of seeds together on the lab table. The
    pair of seeds represents the genotype of one offspring.
    4. Record the genotype of the first Table A Gamete Pairings
    offspring in your lab report in
    Trial Offspring genotype Offspring phenotype
    Table A.
    5. Return the seeds to their original 1
    dishes, and repeat step 3 nine more 2
    times. Record the genotype of each
    3
    offspring in Table A.
    6. Based on each offspring’s genotype, 4
    determine and record each off- 5
    spring’s phenotype. Assume that the
    6
    allele for green seeds, G, is com-
    pletely dominant over the allele for 7
    yellow seeds, g.
    8

    PART B: CALCULATING GENOTYPIC 9


    AND PHENOTYPIC RATIOS 10
    7. Record your data for steps 8–10 in
    Table B on the next page.
    8. Determine the genotypic and phenotypic ratios among the offspring. First,
    count and record the number of homozygous dominant, heterozygous, and
    homozygous recessive individuals recorded in Table A. Then, record the
    number of offspring that produce green seeds and the number that produce
    yellow seeds under “Phenotypes” in your data table.
    9. Calculate the genotypic ratio for each genotype by using the following equa-
    tion:
    number of offspring with a given genotype
    Genotypic ratio  
    total number of offspring
    10. Calculate the phenotypic ratio for each phenotype by using the following
    equation:
    number of offspring with a given phenotype
    Phenotypic ratio  
    total number of offspring

    Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.


    Modern Biology 58 Datasheets for In-Text Labs
    Name Class Date

    Modeling Monohybrid Crosses continued

    Table B Offspring Ratios Table C Offspring Ratios (Entire Class)

    Genotypes Total Genotype Ratio Genotypes Total Genotype Ratio


    Homozygous Homozygous
    dominant (GG) dominant (GG)
    Heterozygous Heterozygous
    (Gg) (Gg)
    _____ : _____ : _____ _____ : _____ : _____
    Homozygous Homozygous
    recessive (gg) recessive (gg)

    Phenotypes Phenotype Ratio Phenotypes Phenotype Ratio


    Green Green
    seeds seeds
    _____ : _____ _____ : _____
    Yellow Yellow
    seeds seeds

    11. Now, pool the data for the whole class, and record the data in Table C.
    12. Compare your class’s sample with your small sample of 10. Calculate and
    record in your Table C the genotypic and phenotypic ratios for the class data.
    13. Construct a Punnett square showing the parents and their offspring.

    14. Clean up your materials before leaving the lab.

    Analysis and Conclusions


    1. What characteristic is being studied in this investigation?

    2. What are the genotypes of the parents? Describe the genotypes of both
    parents by using the terms homozygous, heterozygous, or both.

    3. What does each seed in the Petri dish represent?

    4. When the seeds were selected and paired, what did the pairs represent?

    Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.


    Modern Biology 59 Datasheets for In-Text Labs
    Name Class Date

    Modeling Monohybrid Crosses continued

    5. Did Tables B and C reflect a classic monohybrid-cross phenotypic ratio of 3:1?

    6. When the class data were tabulated, did a classic monohybrid-cross pheno-
    typic ratio of 3:1 result?

    7. If a genotypic ratio of 1:2:1 is observed, what must the genotypes of both


    parents be?

    8. Show what the genotypes of the parents would be if 50 percent of the off-
    spring were green and 50 percent of the offspring were yellow.

    9. Construct a Punnett square for the cross of a heterozygous black guinea pig
    and an unknown guinea pig whose offspring include a recessive white-furred
    individual.

    What are the possible genotypes of the unknown parent?

    Further Inquiry
    Design a model to demonstrate a dihybrid cross of two parents that are heterozy-
    gous for two characteristics. Construct and complete a Punnett square for this
    cross.

    Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.


    Modern Biology 60 Datasheets for In-Text Labs

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