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    Chapter04

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    ahmedamer0aa0

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Chapter04

    Uploaded by

    ahmedamer0aa0
    7 views15 pages

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    7 views15 pages

    Chapter04

    Uploaded by

    ahmedamer0aa0

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    You are on page 1of 15

    Dr.

    Mohammed El-Said
    Professor of Electric power system
    Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University
    ●Circuits do not contain voltage sources. C
    Steps to Determine Node Voltages:
    1. Select a node as the reference node. Assign voltages
    v1 , v2,.., to the remaining n – 1 nodes. The voltages are
    referenced with respect to the reference node.
    2. Apply KCL to each of the n - 1 non reference nodes. Use
    Ohm’s law to express the branch currents in terms of
    node voltages.
    3. Solve the resulting equations to obtain the node voltages.
    The reference node is called the ground,
    since it is assumed to have zero voltage.

    Consider, the circuit shown in figure.


    Node 0 is the reference node (v=0)
    while nodes 1 and 2 are assigned
    voltages v1 and v2. The node
    voltages are defined with respect to
    the reference node.
    1- Applying KCL to each nonreference node in the circuit.

    node#1:

    I1=I2 +i1 + i2

    node #2:

    I2 + i2 = i3
    2- Apply Ohm’s law to express the unknown currents
    i1, i2, and i3 in terms of node voltages.

    i1 = v1/R1

    i2 = (v1 –v2)/R2

    i3 = v2/R3
    3- Solve for the node voltages (v1, v2).

    4- Calculate the branch currents as,

    i1 = v1/R1

    i2 = (v1 –v2)/R2

    i3 =step
    The third v2/Rin 3nodal analysis is to solve for the node voltages.
    Example 1:
    Calculate the node voltages in the
    circuit shown in Figure.
    Solution:

    At node 1, applying KCL and Ohm’s


    law

    i1 = i2 + i3
    5=(v1-v2)/4 + v1/2

    20 = 3v1-v2 (1)
    At node 2,

    i2 + i4 = i1 + i5

    (v1-v2)/4 +10= 5+ v2/6

    -40 = 6v1-10v2 (2)

    Solve to find v1 and v2

    v1=13.33 V, v2=20 V

    Therefore, each branch current can be calculated


    Example 2:
    Determine the node voltages
    for the circuit shown in figure.
    Solution:
    node 1:

    node 2:

    node 3:
    ix = (v1 – v2)/2

    v1=4.8 V, v2=2.4 V, v3= -2.4 V


    ●Circuits with Voltage Sources. C
    Case 1:
    A voltage source is connected between a non reference node
    and the reference node. In the figure shown, v1= 10 V
    Case 2 :
    The voltage source is
    connected between two
    non reference nodes. The
    two non reference nodes
    are called (supernode).
    Therefore,

    v2- v3 = 5 V. C
    Applying KCL at the supernode:

    i1 + i4 =i2 + i3

    (v1-v2)/2 + (v1 – v3)/4

    = v2/8 + v3/6

    ►Solve to get the node


    voltages and current in
    each branch.
    Example 3:

    For the circuit shown in


    figure. Find:
    a- The node voltages,
    b- Current outs from 2V
    voltage source.
    c- Power delivered by
    2A current source.
    Solution:

    a- Node voltages:
    At supernode:
    v2 – v1 =2 (1)
    Applying KCL, gives
    2 = i1 + i2 + 7
    -5= v1/2 + v2/4
    2v1 + v2 = -20 (2)
    v1= -7.33 V , v2= -5.33 V
    b- Current outs from supernode:
    isn = v2/4 + (v2-v1)/10 +7
    = 5.86 A
    c- Power delivered by 2A
    current source:
    P= I.V=2.v1 = -14.66 W
    = 14.66 W (absorbed power)
    Power delivered by 7A Current
    source = ???

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