GEOGRAPHY

(Two hours)
(SA1)
Marking Scheme
2024-25

GRADE: X Max. Marks: 80

Answers to this Paper must be written on the paper provided separately.

You will not be allowed to write during the first 15 minutes.
This time is to be spent in reading the Question Paper.
The time given at the head of this Paper is the time allowed for writing the
answers.

Attempt all questions from Part I and five questions from Part II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions, are given in brackets [ ].

PART I (30 Marks)

Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1. (Toposheet)

Study the extract of the Survey Map Sheet No. G43S7- Eastings 30-40, Northings [10]
92-02 and answer following questions: (Page- 30)
i) a) Give the four figure grid reference of: (1/2 mark each) [2]
Chhatri near Juvol 3794
Give six figure grid reference of: (1/2 mark each)
The temple where people meet in February. 362001

b) What is the black horizontal line between northings 93 and 94? Latitude
What is the white patch in the river bed in grid square 3892 called? Latitude
 ii) a) Calculate the area of the map to the west of Easting 36. 60 sq. km [2]

b) Considering the direction of the river, Chekhla lies on which bank? Right bank

iii) a) Identify the landform by looking at the contour arrangements in grid square [2]
3796 and 3900.
3796- Conical hill
3900- River Valley

b) Identify the drainage pattern in grid square 3899 and 3697.

3899- Trellis
3697- Radial
iv) a) What is the rainfall pattern of the region in the given map extract? Give a suitable [2]
reason to support your answer.
Seasonal rainfall. Presence of broken ground, causeway, seasonal
streams.
b) What is the main occupation of the people in the settlement of Surajpura?
Agriculture, forestry, trade and commerce.
v) a) A crow flies from Surajpura to Chekhla. Find the distance in km covered by the [2]
bird. 5.5cm / 2 = 2.75 km
Question 2. (Map-Marking) [10]

On the outline map of India provided:

i) Mark and label the highest mountain peak in the Karakoram Range.

ii) Mark and label an old fold mountain range in Northern India.

iii) Mark and label a plateau known as a Ruhr of India.

iv) Mark and label the most important iron ore producing district of Jharkhand.

v) Shade and label a region of alluvial soil in the deltaic region.

vi) Mark with arrows and name the wind that gives heavy rainfall in Mumbai.

vii) Shade and label Gulf of Mannar.

viii) Mark and label the northern limit of the torrid zone.

ix) Mark and label the political capital of India.

x) Mark and label largest freshwater lake in India.

Question 3. (MCQ) [10]

Choose the correct answers to the questions from the given options:
Do not copy the questions, write the correct answers only.
i) At Lucknow, during the month of May, the hot dry season is characterized by a
local wind, which increases the temperature for the city and keeps all the people
 mostly indoors during the afternoon. What type of wind is being discussed here?
a. Western Disturbances.
b. October heart.
c. Kalbaisakhi
d. Loo

ii) How do the western disturbances affect the crops in Northern India?
a. They cause heavy damage to the standing crops.
b. They bring in locusts which destroy the crops.
c. They are beneficial to the crops by causing winter rainfall.
d. The help in keeping the plants warm to some extent in winter.

iii) Which one of the following is not a characteristic of the Red Soil?
a. Rich in Iron and Potash.
b. Also called Riverine soil.
c. Deficient in line and nitrogen.
d. Porous, friable and coarse.

iv)
With reference to the Indian forests, consider the following pairs:

1. Tropical Moist Deciduous Forests: Sandalwood

2. Tropical Dry Deciduous Forests: Sal
3. Tropical Thorn Forests: Shisham
4. Tropical Thorn Forests: Deodar.
Which of the pairs given above is/are correctly matched?
a. Only 1.
b. 1 and 2.
c. 2 and 3.
d. 1,2 and 4.

v)

With reference to the above image consider the following statements.

1. Recharging the groundwater and raising its level.
2. Preventing flooding of roads.
3. Supplying water for industrial coolant.
4. Meeting the demand of water requirements in the dry season.
Which of the following is/are objectives of the above illustrated phenomenon?
a. 1 and 2
 b. 2 and 4
c. 1, 2 and 3
d. 1, 2 and 4

vi) The agency which explores mineral oil in India is:

a. Steel Authority of India Limited (SAIL)
b. National Thermal Power Corporation Limited (NTPC)
c. Oil and Natural Gas Corporation (ONGC)
d. None of the above

vii) This hydel power project provides electricity for industrial, agricultural and
domestic use in states of Rajasthan, Punjab and Haryana. There are many
industries which get benefitted from this project such as hosiery, cotton
textile, machine tools, sports goods etc. Identify the power project discussed
above.
a. Hirakud Hydel power project.
b. Bhakra Nangal hydel power project.
c. Sardar Sarovar hydel power project.
d. Koyna Hydel power project

viii) Solar Energy : Photovoltaic Cell.

a. Wind Energy : Nagarcoil to Madurai
b. Geothermal Energy : Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh
c. Nuclear Energy : Rawatbhata
d. Tidal Energy : Barrage with a turbine.

Kalidas’s father had 1 acre land which was equally divided between his
ix) brother and him. After Kalidas, his part of land is further divided among his
three sons. Over the years the productivity of the land has decreased
considerably. What could be the possible cause for such decline?
a. The fertility of the land decreased due to over use of fertilizer.
b. Kalidas’s sons could not compete with the corporate intrusion.
c. Modern techniques could not be put to use due to the small size of
landholdings.
d. Excessive soil erosion.

x) ----------- is the phenomenon of increase in the concentration of pollutants

from one link in a food chain to another.
a. Biodegradation.
b. Biomagnification.
c. Bioconcentration.
d. Bioaccumulation.
 PART II (50 Marks)
Attempt any five questions from this Part
Question 4. (Climate)

(i) Rohan who lives in Mangalore had an urgent meeting in Chennai in the month of
December. He reached Chennai but he found that it was raining there. Though both the
cities lie on the same latitude, there was a difference in the months of rainfall.

(a) Why was it raining in Chennai in the month of December? [2]

Chennai lies on the East Coast of India which gets hits by the North East
Monsoon Winds during the months of November to February.

(b) Why Mangalore has no prediction of rainfall?

Mangalore is in the west coast and experiences rain only during south
west monsoon period.

(ii) Distinguish between the Tropical cyclone and the Temperate cyclone that affects [2]
India’s climate.

(iii) Give a geographical reason for the following:

(a) Himalaya is called the perfect climatic divide. [3]

● It prevents the cold Siberian winds from entering into India.
● It intercepts the moisture laden SW monsoon winds and
helps in creating rainfall over the subcontinent.

(b) Agra receives rainfall later than Patna, and the amount of rainfall in Agra is less than
that of Patna.
The SW monsoon winds of Bay of Bengal branch while advancing
towards North West shed heavy rainfall on Patna as it falls first on its
way and then the amount of moisture decreases by the time it reaches
Agra.

(c) The people of Chennai need to practice rainwater harvesting in spite of having
rainier months than Mumbai.
Chennai receives very little rainfall by SW monsoon winds and it remains
dry in the summer months. Most of the rainfall occurs between Oct- Feb.
Thus, people of Chennai need to practice rain water harvesting to cater
to its water requirement during summer season.
 (iv) Study the climatic data of the station and answer the following [3]

(a) Calculate the total annual rainfall experienced by the station.

128.7 cm.
(b) What is the annual range of temperature?
32.5℃ - 24.5℃ = 8 ℃
(c) On which coast of India does the station lie? Give a reason for your
answer.
East Coast. It gets most of the rain in the season of
retreating monsoon.

Question 5. (Climate)

(i) ‘The Sitrang affected India and Bangladesh in late October 2022. It was the first of its
kind to make landfall in Bangladesh. The Bangladeshi authorities evacuated thousands of
people to shelters as the Sitrang moved northward from the Bay of Bengal and approached
Bangladesh's extensive coastline. The government also requested fishing boats to return
from the deep sea and remain anchored in the Bay of Bengal, closed three airports, and
stopped all river transportation operations throughout the nation.’ Which climatic event in
the month of October is described above.

(a) Which climatic event in the month of October is being described above? [2]
Tropical cyclone.
(b) Explain the term ‘October Heat’ that is experienced in this season.

The sultry and oppressive weather accompanied by cloudless sky, high

temperature and high humidity is referred as “october heat”
(ii) State the benefits that are derived from the local winds that blow in summer in [2]
the following states:
(a) Kerala. Cherry blossom is good for the tea and coffee crop.
(b)
West Bengal Kalbaisakhi is good for the rice and jute crop.

(iii) Observe the image and answer the following questions: [3]
 (a) Which phenomenon of the winter season is depicted in this image?

Western Disturbances/Westerly Depression/ Temperate cyclones.

(b) How is this phenomenon beneficial to Indian agriculture?

Rabi Crop cultivation in Punjab Haryana (Wheat)

(c) Name two States in India which get affected by this phenomenon.
Punjab, Haryana, Western Uttar Pradesh
(iv) Give a geographical reason for the following: [3]

(a) Central Maharashtra gets less rainfall than the coastal areas of Maharashtra.
Central Maharashtra receives less rainfall than Western Maharashtra
because Western Maharashtra lies on the windward side of Western
Ghats whereas Central Maharashtra lies on the leeward side.

(b) Thar is a desert.

● The Arabian Sea Branch of SW monsoon does not give much
rainfall as the Aravallis are parallel to these winds, so they do not
form any barrier to intercept them.
● The Bay of Bengal branch of SW monsoon has little or no moisture
by the time it reaches Thar, after traversing the Ganga Valley.
(c) Kanpur has a higher range of temperature than Puducherry.

Kanpur has a landlocked location and is situated in the Northern plain.

It is away from moderating influence of the sea. Puducherry has coastal
location and its temperature is moderated by Land and Sea Breeze. Thus
Kanpur has a higher range of temperature than Puducherry.

Question 6. (Soils)

(i) Sunil went for an excursion with his friend and came across a doab (land between [2]
two rivers) of Ganga and Yamuna.
(a) Which soil is found in this area?
The soil found in the above mentioned area is alluvial soil.

(b) Mention one striking feature of the soil found in this doab.
● Colour: The colour of the alluvial soil varies from light grey to
deep black.
● Texture: In the upper reaches of the river valleys (near the place
of their origin) the soil is dry, coarse, porous and sandy.
● As we move further down along a river valley, the soil particles
become smaller and more uniform. They are more compact and
more moist.

(ii) Differentiate between the following:

 (a) Transported Soil and In Situ Soil.

(b) Sheet erosion and Gully erosion

(iii) Observe the map given below and answer the following questions: [3]

(a) Identify the soil marked as ‘A’ in the given map extract.The soil is laterite soil.
(b) How is the soil, marked as A in the given map extract, formed?
● This soil type is formed as a result of atmospheric weathering of
rocks under conditions of high rainfall and temperature with
Question 7. (Natural Vegetation)

(i) Read the given extract and answer the following questions: [2]

The communities in India depend on the forest and its products for their well-being.
The total forest cover in India is just 21.71% of the land area and various initiatives
of government and non- government organizations are being taken to improve the
forest cover. People from all walks of lives are engaging themselves at individual
level to make others aware of the benefits of trees and making an effort to plant
trees in open space, parks, roads, urban and suburban and rural areas.

(a) Mention two successful community-based conservation initiatives in India focused

on preserving natural vegetation.
● Social forestry
● One tree planted a non-profit tree planting charity
● Chipko movement
(b) What is the reason for the low percentage of forest cover in India?
Deforestation, urbanisation, expansion of agriculture, mining
(or any other relevant point)
(ii) Which forests are found in the Niligiri hills of India? Why are these forests found [2]
here?
Temperate forests Or Sholas
In Peninsular regions, the area is only about 1500m in height and
vegetation varies from tropical to temperate forests. In higher regions it
is temperate vegetation.

(iii) Identify the tree as per its characteristics given below: [3]

(a) The timber is hard and durable and used for ship building. Teak
(b) The tree of tropical deciduous forest is aromatic and is in great demand in India and
abroad. It is also used in the cosmetic industry. Sandalwood
(c) The tree bark and gum have medicinal value. Babool
(iv) (a) Why do we find luxuriant vegetation in tropical evergreen forests? [3]
Due to hot and humid climate found here./ warm and wet climate
(b) Explain the symbiotic relationship of stinging ants with acacia trees?
These ants live in thorns of acacia trees and feed on the nectar produced
by trees and when an animal takes a bite of the leaves the ants attack the
animal forming a symbiotic relationship.
Question 8. (Water Resources)

(i) State two factors which are essential for the development of Tube well irrigation. [2]
1. Availability of plentiful water at great depths
2. Level land and soft soil for the tubewells to be set up.
3. large fertile area in its surrounding area to be irrigated.
4. Availability of regular cheap electricity to run the tubewells.
(ii) A geologist surveyed an area for construction of a well in the outskirts of [2]
Hyderabad and came to a conclusion that the land is not suitable for construction of
a well.
(a) Give a suitable reason for his decision.
The area is located in the Peninsular India consisting of underlying hard
rocks which are impervious in nature.
(b) What type of irrigation can be practiced in that area and why?
ank irrigation can be practiced in the Deccan Plateau/ Peninsular India.
Most of the area of Peninsular India is uneven with many natural
depressions/ natural pits where the tanks can be built easily.
(iii) Give reasons for the following: [3]
(a) Modern means of irrigation are gaining popularity in recent times.
There is less wastage of water, i.e, optimum amount of water is provided
to the crops.Water is taken directly to the roots of the plants or trees, e.g.
drip irrigation.

(b) Development of irrigation is essential for the growth of agriculture in recent times.
Uncertainty of rainfall, uneven distribution of rainfall, crop
requirements, nature of the soil, efficient utilisation of river water,
maximise production.
(c) Inundation canals are being converted to perennial canals.
Inundation canals are only useful only when rivers are in flood, i.e., they
do not have water throughout the year.
(iv) Observe the given image and answer the given questions: [3]

(a) Identify the method of irrigation in the above image.

Furrow irrigation
(b) Mention one advantage and one disadvantage of the given method.
Advantage: it can be used in areas where water is easily available.

Disadvantage: It was lower application efficiency as compared to

sprinkler and spray irrigation. Not applicable to sandy soil.
Question 9. (Minerals + Sources of Energy)
(i) The economic growth of a country is judged by its consumption of an important [2]
mineral which is the 'Backbone' of our modern Industries. This mineral is found
highest in Odisha followed by Jharkhand.

(a) Which mineral is being discussed above? Iron Ore.

(b) I. Mention top two varieties of this mineral according to its qualities.
Haematite (60-70% pure iron) and magnetite ( more than 70% pure iron)
II. Name the exporting ports for the above mineral in India.
Visakhapatnam and Marmagao [any one]
(ii) (a) Name the following: [2]
I. Largest coal field in India. Jharia
II. Oldest oilfield of India. Digboi
(b) Mention two uses of the mineral extracted from bauxite.
1. Aluminium is strong lightweight and rust resistant metal and used
in aircrafts,automobiles, rail wagon, coaches,shipping and
household appliances.
2. It is also used in electrical industry as it is a good conductor of
electricity
[any other relevant point]

(iii) Read the extract and answer the following questions: [3]
One day, my auto driver was filling fuel in a Gas Station when I was going to my
School in his Auto, after refilling he paid a very less amount to the worker of the
Gas-Station which made me really surprised, I asked him eagerly 'is the price of the
fuel reduced'? He answered, 'No Madam', this fuel's price is always very less, that's
why I use this fuel, and also keeps the condition of my auto very good, does not
require frequent servicing.

(a) Name the Energy which is used by my Auto driver with its technical term.
CNG - Compressed Natural Gas
(b) Mention any one of its characteristic features.
● It is an ecofriendly fuel as it causes less environmental damage .
● It is made of methane and causes less carbon emissions.
(or any other relevant point)
(c) Name the region in India where it can be obtained from.
Mumbai High, Assam, Tripura, Tamil Nadu and Rajasthan
(iv) Give a suitable reason for each of the following: [3]

(a) Hirakud dam is beneficial for Odisha.

● It provides hydroelectricity through several hydroelectric plants.
● the dam regulates the flow of the river.
● irrigation of 75000 sq km area
● controls floods. [any one]
(b) Manganese is an important raw material in the iron and steel industry.
Manganese is used to make steel tough and resistant to rusting.
 (c) Anthracite is preferred for domestic use.
It has a high calorific value, burns without smoke.
Question 10. (Minerals + Sources of Energy)

(i) Give any two advantages of using biogas as a source of energy. [2]
1. clean, non polluting, cheap
2. there is direct supply of gas from the plant hence no storage
problem
3. sludge left behind used as rich fertilizer containing bacterial
biomass
(any two)

(ii) Distinguish between thermal power projects and hydel power projects. [2]

(iii) Answer the following questions based on the image.

(a) Identify the energy being harnessed in the above picture. Nuclear energy [1]

(b) I. Mention any one beneficial effect of using the above source of energy. [2]
It reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse
emissions
II. Name its power stations in Gujarat and Karnataka.
In Gujarat -Kakrapar and In Karnataka-Kaiga
(iv) Give a geographical reasons for the following: [3]
(a) India has an advantageous position in terms of generation of solar power.
India is located in tropical region and has more than 300 days of clear
sunny days a year and per sq km availability of solar energy is between 5
to 7b kW.
(b) Copper is used for making electric wires.
It is malleable, ductile and a good conductor of electricity.
(c) The hot springs are ideal for generation of geothermal energy.
Hot springs are surface manifestations of geothermal reservoirs, where
hot water or steam rises from deep underground. By tapping into these
geothermal reservoirs, the heat can be used to drive turbines and
generate electricity or for direct use in heating systems.
Question 11. (Agriculture (1st Two chapters)

(i) A type of agriculture, mostly practiced in North-East India where a patch of forest [2]
land is cleared by burning and crops are grown until the fertility of the soil is
exhausted, then the farmers move to a fresh piece of land keeping the land
abandoned and the process is continued.

a. As a Student of Geography, name the type of agriculture which is practiced

in North-East of India. What is the other name used by the Farmers of
Assam?
Shifting Agriculture. Jhum.
b. How does the Government of India discourage the practice of shifting
agriculture?
Government is promoting timber tree plantation to discourage the
practice of Shifting Agriculture.
[This helps in restoration of land and creation of wealth for the
land owners.] [optional to write]

(ii) Distinguish between Subsistence Farming and Commercial Farming. (Two points). [2]

(iii) With reference to the above image answer the following questions. [3]

(a) With which crop is the above illustration associated?

Rice
(b) Why is the above illustrated method necessary?
● Only healthy plants are picked for resowing in the field and
unhealthy plants are discarded.
● Weeds are removed while resowing.
● There is less wastage of seeds as compared to broadcasting
method.
 ● This method gives higher yield .
(c) How is the crop in (a) harvested?
● A sickle (a curved knife) is used for this purpose.
● The stalks are hand harvested and each stem is cut about 60 cm
below the grain to facilitate threshing.

(iv) (a) How has the Green Revolution impacted Indian Agriculture? [3]
● it changed Indian Agriculture from subsistence to commercial and
market oriented.
● Adoption of new technology under the Green Revolution created
more employment opportunities in the agricultural sector.
● Increasing returns from agriculture.
● Increases rural prosperity.

(b) What are the climatic conditions required for wheat cultivation?
Temperature : 10 - 15 ℃ during sowing and 20-25 ℃ during harvest.
(c) Why are pulses a very important part of the Indian diet?
Pulses provide a rich source of protein for a vegetarian diet.

Question 12.

(i) In the 1970s, Lake Erie, one of the Great Lakes, faced severe water quality issues [2]
due to excessive nutrient runoff from agricultural fields and industrial discharges.
This led to frequent algal blooms, which created “dead zones” for aquatic life.
(a) Name the phenomenon mentioned here.
Eutrophication
(b) What were the ecological impacts of the algal blooms on aquatic life?
It blocks the penetration of oxygen, light and heat into the water body. As
a result, aquatic plants are unable to carry on photosynthesis, reducing
oxygen content of water leading to the death of most aquatic organisms.

(ii) Define the following: [2]

(a) Sewage: It is the waste water discharge from domestic premises like
residences, institutions, and commercial establishments.
(b) Bioaccumulation: The phenomenon of concentrated toxic deposition at the
higher trophic level.
(iii) Give a geographical reason for the following: [3]

(a) Oil spills are hazardous for marine life.

Oil forms a thin layer on the ocean surface and prevents sufficient
sunlight from entering the ocean surface. This reduces the oxygen level
in water, making it difficult for marine life to breathe.

(b) Plastics and polythene products must be banned.

Plastic bags are non-biodegradable wastes that do not decompose. They
 degrade the quality of soil and are hazardous to the environment.
(c) Radioactive wastes are hazardous.
Radioactive wastes contain and emit radioactive particles that remain
extremely harmful to human health for many years.
(iv) (a) “Methane is an air pollutant that causes Greenhouse effect.” Name two sources of [3]
this gas.
Mining, wetlands, landfills, cattle shed, swamps, decomposed vegetable
matter.
(b) Mention one reason why waste management is important.
● improperly stored waste can cause health, safety and economic
problems.
● Transmission of diseases due to accumulation of waste is a major threat
to people and the environment.
[any other relevant point]