GEOGRAPHY

H.C.G. - Paper-2
(Two Hours)
(2013)

Attempt seven questions in all.

Part I is compulsory. All questions from Part I are to be attempted.
A total of five questions are to be attempted from Part II.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets.

PART I (30 Marks)

Attempt all questions from this Part

Question 1
Study the extract of Survey of India Map Sheet No. 45D/7 and answer the following questions:
a) Give the six figure grid reference of : (2)
i. Triangulated height 217
Ans. 940792/940793
ii. A lined well near Cekhla.
Ans. 926814/925814/926815/925815
b) i. Name the left bank tributary of the main river (2)
Ans. Balram.
ii. State the direction in which this tributary is flowing.
Ans. North West
c) (i) Mention a special feature associated with the streams in grid square 9879. (2)
Ans. Broken ground is observed along the streams in grid square 9879.
(ii) Name the type of drainage patterns found in grid square 9382.
Ans. Dendritic Drainage Pattern.
d) Give the four figure reference of each of the following : (2)
(i) Open Scrub
Ans. 0076/9573/9680/9976/9780 (Any one)
(ii) Bantawada
Ans. 9978.
e) Name two relief features that can be seen in grid square 9782 and 9574. (2)
Ans. Relief features observed in 9782 - Conical Hill/ Escarpment/Saddle/Water Divide.
Relief features observed in 9574 – Ridge/Water Divide.
f) Why do you find limited cultivation in the map extract? (2)
Give two reasons for your answer.
Ans. Cultivation is limited in the map extract due to i. Scanty rainfall ii. Sandy area.
g) What is the compass direction of Antroli (9576) and Chekhla (9281)from Sangla? (2)
Ans. Antroli is northeast of Sangla and Chekhla is North/North North East of Sangla.
h) What type of rainfall is experienced in the region? (2)
Justify your answer giving one reason.
Ans. Seasonal rainfall is experienced in the map extract.
 Reason: Presence of seasonal streams and tanks/ Broken ground along seasonal streams/
Narrow perennial water channel in a dry bed/ Causeways across streams/ Cart tracks
crossing streams indicate the prevalence of seasonal rainfall. (Any one)
i) Calculate the distance in kilometers along the cart tracks between Chitrasani (999747)
and Pirojpura (978753). (2)
Ans. 2.4 kms. (Any answer between 2.3 to 2.5 kms is accepted)
j) i. What is the geographical name that you would give to the general pattern of settlement
in the region shown on the map? (2)
Ans. Nucleated/Clustered settlement pattern.
ii. Name one region shown on the map which is unsuitable for the cultivation of crops.
Ans. Hilly areas in the southeast/North of the Banas river/Area covered with broken
ground along the Balram Nadi in the east. (Any one)

Question 2
On an outline map of India provided:
a) Mark and name Chennai. (1)
b) Label the river Godavari. (1)
c) Shade and label the Chotanagpur plateau. (1)
d) Shade and name the Gulf of Kutch. (1)
e) Mark and name the Indo-Gangetic Plain. (1)
f) Shade and label an area with red soil (1)
g) Mark and name the winds which bring rain to Mumbai in July and August (1)
h) Mark and name the Satpura Range. (1)
i) Mark and name the Jharia Coal Field. (1)
j) Shade and label the Northern Circar coastal region. (1)
 PART II (50 Marks)
Question 3
a) (i) Name two types of cyclonic systems that affect India and two areas that receive
rainfall from these systems. (2)
Ans. Two types of cyclonic systems that affect India are Tropical Cyclones and Western
Disturbances.
i. Tropical Cyclones are experienced along the eastern coast of West Bengal, Orissa, Andhra
Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
ii. Western Disturbances are temperate cyclones experienced in North Western India in the
states of Punjab, Haryana, western Uttar Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh,
and Uttaranchal.
b) Give two important characteristics of southwest monsoon rainfall. (2)
Ans. i. Orographic ii. Erratic, irregular and sporadic iii Unevenly distributed over space
and time iv. Uncertain and unreliable. (Any One)
c) Give geographical reasons for the following:- (3)
(i) When the Malabar coast is receiving heavy rainfall in July the Tamil Nadu coast is
comparatively dry.
Ans. The Arabian sea branch of the southwest monsoon winds strike against the western
ghats giving heavy rainfall to the Malabar coast as it is on the windward side of the
mountains. Tamil Nadu receives very less rain as it lies in the rain shadow of the mountains.
(ii) The northern plains of India have a continental type of climate.
Ans. The northern plains of India have a continental climate as they lie in the interior, far
from the moderating effect of the sea and experience very hot summer and very cold winter.
(iii) Central Maharashtra receives little rainfall.
Ans. Central Maharashtra receives little rainfall since it lies in the rain shadow area of the
western ghats, with respect to the Arabian sea branch of the monsoons.
d) Study the climatic data given below and answer the questions that follow: (3)

Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
Temperatur 23.1 24.8 26.5 29.3 32 32.8 33.1 32.1 30.5 29.3 28.7 26.1
e
°C
Rainfall 15.3 10.1 0.3 0.1 1.3 4.5 6.1 10.2 10.5 20.1 16.8 19.0
cms
(i) Calculate the annual rainfall experienced by the station.
Ans. 114.3 cms
(ii) Suggest a name of this station, giving a reason for your answer.
Ans. Chennai/ Vishakhapatnam as it receives rainfall in winter mainly from the northeast
monsoons and very less rainfall in the southwest monsoon season.
(iii) Name the season during which rainfall is heaviest.
Ans. Winter season. (December to February) 44.4 cms.
Question 4
a) Differentiate between Transported soil and In Situ soil, quoting a suitable example for
each. (2)
Ans.
Transported Soils In Situ Soils
Soils carried over long distances by agents of Soils found in their place of origin and
gradation like rivers and winds and then transported over very short distances in the
deposited elsewhere. vicinity of the parent rock.
Also known as Ex Situ Soils. Also known as Sedentary & Residual Soils
Ex. Alluvial soils and Loess Ex. Black Soils and Red Soils
b) State two differences between Bhangar and Khadar.. (2)

Ans.
Bhangar Khadar
Old Alluvium found on uplands New alluvium found in the lower beds.
(30m above sea level on river terraces) ( in the flood plains near the river.
Coarse textured with calcareous concretions Fine textured, therefore non porous.
therefore porous. Less fertile than Khadar. More fertile as it is renewed every year.
c) Name the process by which laterite soil is formed. Mention one disadvantage of the soil(3)
Ans. Laterite soil is formed by leaching. It is formed due to weathering of rocks, under
conditions of high temperature and heavy rainfall with alternating wet and dry periods.
Disadvantages : It is acidic/infertile/cannot retain moisture/poor in lime, nitrogen potash,
phosphoric acid & humus
d) With reference to Red soils in India, answer the following questions: (3)
(i) Name two states where it is found..
Ans. Tamil Nadu/Karnataka/Orissa/Andhra Pradesh/Madhya Pradesh/Jharkhand/Goa.
(ii) State two advantages of this soil.
Ans. Responds well to fertilizers and irrigation/Well aerated as it is porous and friable/
Suitable for dry farming/Rich in iron, potash and lime.
(iii) Mention two important crops grown in this soil.
Ans. Pulses/Sugarcane/Tea/Coffee/Millets/Oilseeds.

Question 5
a) Mention two main characteristics of Tropical Rainforests. (2)
Ans. The characteristics of Tropical rainforests are : they are dark and damp with thick
undergrowth. They are evergreen, very dense, inaccessible, and multi layered with mixed
stands. The wood is hard and heavy and difficult to cut and transport.
b) Name a tree the timber of which could be used for the following: (3)
i. A soft and white timber used for making toys and match boxes.
Ans. Semul
ii. A hard durable timber used for ship building and furniture.
Ans. Teak
iii. A sweet smelling timber which yields an oil, used for making handicrafts.
Ans. Sandlewood.
 c) i Name one region in India for each of the following. (3)
1. Tidal Forests.
Ans. Sunderban Delta of Ganga and Brahamaputra/ Deltas of eastern rivers/Andaman
And Nicibar Islands.
2. Thorn and Scrub Forests.
Ans. Semi arid areas of Gujarat, Rajasthan, Saurashtra, Kutch and Madhya Pradesh.
ii. Explain why Thorn and Scrub forests are found in the above mentioned regions.
Ans. These forests are confined to regions of scanty rainfall of less than 80 cms.
d) Briefly explain two reasons for forests being an important natural resource. (2)
Ans. i. They provide timber for construction, shipbuilding and furniture.
ii. They provide wood pulp for paper and rayon industries.
iii. They provide a natural habitat for wildlife.
iv. They check soil erosion and increase soil fertility.
v. They provide charcoal for industries and fuel wood for domestic purposes.

Question 6
a) Name two states in which tube wells are extensively used. (2)
Give a reason to explain its importance as a source of irrigation.
Ans. Tube wells are extensively used in Punjab, Haryana, Western U.P & Rajasthan.
Tube wells provide a perennial source of water/they occupy less space and are suitable for
small holdings/They provide clean & assured supply of water/They can irrigate large areas.
b) Give two main reasons why water scarcity occurs in India. (2)
Ans. Water scarcity occurs in India due to rapid increase in population, industrialization,
urbanization, pollution, wastage and over use.
c) i. Name two states where perennial canals are widely used. (3)
Ans. Punjab, Haryana, U.P and Rajasthan use perennial canals widely.
ii. Briefly explain two reasons for perennial canals being a popular form of irrigation in
the named states.
Ans. Perennial canals are a popular form of irrigation in these states due to:
1.Flat, low level land 2.Presence of many perennial rivers 3.Deep, soft & fertile soil.
d) i. Name two methods of water harvesting in India. (3)
Ans. Rooftop water harvesting/Surface water harvesting/Percolation Pit, Eri, Johad,
Zing & Cheruvu /Construction of tanks, ponds & check dams/Watershed Management.
ii. Mention any two objectives of rainwater harvesting.
Ans. To recharge ground water level/To reduce water scarcity and meet the increasing
demand for water/Reduce surface runoff, soil erosion and ground water pollution.

Question 7
a) i. Name the ore of aluminium. Describe two main uses of aluminium. (2)
Ans. Bauxite is an ore of aluminium. It is used to manufacture aircrafts, electric wires,
utensils, electrical goods, headlights, reflectors telescopes, automobiles & railway wagons.
b)Name two industrial products for which limestone is used as a source of raw material(2)
Ans. Iron & Steel/Cement/Glass/Fertilizers/Tiles/Paper/Plastics/Paints.
 c) i. Name two industries that use a high quantity of coal. (3)
Ans. Iron & Steel Industry/ Thermal Power Plants/Cement industry/Chemical Industry.
ii. Name one important area that has large coal deposits in the states of Jharkhand and
West Bengal.
Ans. Jharia in Jharkhand and Raniganj in West Bengal have large coal deposits.
d) i. Which state is the largest producer of mineral oil. Ans. Maharashtra (3)
ii. Name two coastal and two inland refineries in India.
Ans. Coastal refineries Mumbai/Vishakhapatnam/Jamnagar/Mangalore/Haldia/Chennai
Inland refineries : Mathura/Digboi/Barauni/Panipat/Koyali/Guwahati/Bongaigaon.

Question 8
a) Distinguish between Intensive Commercial farming & Extensive commercial farming.(2)
Ans.

Intensive Commercial Farming Extensive Commercial Farming

Practice of multiple cropping. Practice of mono culture.
Crop rotation is practiced. Single crop cultivation predominates.
Practiced in densely populated areas on small Practiced in sparsely populated areas on
farms. large farms.
Maximum yield is produced with the help of Land is left fallow to regain nutrients.
irrigation, fertilizers, and use of hybrid seeds. It is mechanized.
It is both labour and capital intensive. It is capital intensive.

b) With reference to rice cultivation answer the following questions: (2)

i. Name two leading states in the production of rice.
Ans. West Bengal and Tamil Nadu are the leading producers of rice in India..
ii. Give two advantages of growing rice in nurseries.
Ans.1. It gives higher yield and better growth due to intensive care provided.
2.It facilitates weeding and fertilizing and prevents wastage of seeds.
c) i. Name two states where coffee plantations are found. (3)
Ans. Karnataka/Kerala/Tamil Nadu.
ii. What conditions of soil and climate are favourable for the cultivation?
Ans. Two favourable conditions for coffee cultivation are :
1. 15°C to 28°C temperature/ 125cms to 250cms of well distributed rainfall.
2. Volcanic/Red/Laterite/Friable Loamy soils are suitable.
d) Explain in brief the following:- (3)
i. Retting.
Ans. A microbiological process, which facilitates the stripping of the jute fiber from
the stalk by loosening it when it is immersed in fresh running water for some time.
ii. Ginning.
Ans. It is the separation of the cotton seeds and the fiber from the raw material.
iii. Broadcasting.
Ans. A method of sowing, in which the seeds are scattered by hand over the soil.
Question 9
a) Name any two large sugar producing states, one each in north and one in the south.(2)
Ans. Two large sugar producing states are:
North India: Uttar Pradesh/Bihar.
South India: Andhra Pradesh/Maharashtra/Tamil Nadu
b) Name an agro based industry in the following industrial centers.
i. Ahmedabad ii. Mysore (2)
Ans. An agro based industry in i. Ahmedabad – Cotton Textile Industry
ii. Mysore – Silk Textile Industry
c) State three favourable conditions responsible for the growth of the jute industry in
West Bengal. (3)
i. The availability of raw material from the Ganga Brahamaputra Delta.
ii. Availability of HEP as well as thermal power from Damodar Valley Corporation.
iii. Availability of cheap labour from the states of West Bengal and Bihar .
iv. Humid climate facilitates spinning & soft water from the Hooghly is used indyeing.
v. Well connected by transport lines, road, rail and water.
vi. Port facility provided by Kolkata port.
d) Give geographical reasons for the following: (3)
i. The woolen industry is a localized industry in India.
Ans. The woolen industry is a localized industry in North India as it has cold climate.
rest of India has a hot climate/ Availability of indigenous raw material in north India /
Winter is short and demand is seasonal.
ii It is necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting.
Ans. It is necessary to crush sugarcane within 24 hours of harvesting before the cane
dries up and the sucrose content reduces.
iii.Sericulture flourished in Karnataka.
Ans. Sericulture flourished in Karnataka due to ; favourable climate (16°C to 31°C)
temperature) enables rearing silkworms all year / Presence of mulberry plantations for
rearing silkworms / New technology for handling Bombyxmori silkworms/Availability
of soft water, free from iron and alkaline salts

Question 10
a) i. What is the significance of the Electronic Industry in recent times. (2)
Ans. The electronic industry provides employment to a large sector of the population.
It is also important for the growth and development in the following spheres: medical
diagnosis, entertainment, space exploration, defense equipment, information technology
and helps in speeding up actions in the field of communication .
ii. Name two cities that have leading software companies.
Ans. Cities that have leading Software Companies are Bangaluru, Hyderabad and Pune.
b) Name the steel plants that were set up with Russian collaboration. (2)
Ans. The steel plants that were set up with Russian collaboration are Bhilai and Bokaro.
c) Explain three reasons as to why there is a large concentration of iron and steel plants
in the Chotanagpur region. (3)
Ans. i. Singhnhum, Mayurbhanj and Keonjhar in the vicinity provide iron ore.
 ii. Jharia and Raniganj provide coal for smelting of iron ore.
iii Cheap labour is easily available from U.P, Bihar and West Bengal..
i. Hirakud plant provides HEP and DVC provides thermal power .
v. Well connected by railways for the transport of raw materials and finished goods.
d) What industries are the following centers noted for: (3)
Ans. i. Gurgaon Ans. Maruti Car Industry
ii. Perambur Ans. Integral Coach Factory
iii.Chittaranjan Ans. Electronic Locomotive Works.

Question 11
a) Give one disadvantage of air transport. Why is it still a popular means of transport(2)
Ans. The disadvantage of air transport is that it is not affordable for the common man.
It is not at all economical for short distances.
Inspite of this, it is still a popular means of transport because it is the fastest means
and it is very comfortable. It is indispensable for relief operations and defense.
b) i. Give two reasons why peninsular rivers are not ideal for navigation. (3)
Ans. Peninsular rivers are not ideal for navigation as they are rainfed and thus seasonal.
Besides they are swift flowing and have rapids and waterfalls in their paths.
ii. Name a port on the east coast which is often hit by cyclones during the months
of October and November.
Ans. Chennai/Paradeep/Vishakhapatnam/Kolkata/Tuticorin
c) i. State the main objective of the treatment of gaseous waste. (2)
Ans. Gaseous waste is treated to maintain clean air and to reduce health hazards.
ii. Name two common diseases caused as a result of gaseous pollution.
Ans. Common diseases caused as a result of gaseous pollution are Lung Cancer/
Respiratory Diseases/Bronchial Asthma/Pneumonia.
d) What is the cause of the following: (3)
i. The Bhopal Gas Tragedy
Ans. Leakage of Methyl Isocyanate Gas from the Union Carbide Plant.
ii. The Minamata Disease.
Ans. Poisoning of water due to dumping of mercury in oceans.
iii. The Chernobyl Disaster.
Ans. Leakage of radioactive waste in the air from the Chernobyl Reactor.