MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JALGAON

(0018)

Program Name and Code: Electrical Engineering (EE2I)

Course Name and Code :Applied Science: Chemistry (22211)

Academic Year : 2022-2023

Semester : second
A MICRO PROJECT
on
HALF WAVE RECTIFIER WITH SHUNT
CAPACITOR FILTER

Submitted In 2023 by the group of 8 students

Sr Roll Name Enrollment Seat no.
No. no. No.
1. 9. BODADE JAY ARJUN
2. 10. CHABUKSWAAR AADITYA
NAGNATH
3. 11. CHOPADE VRUSHABH
UMAKANT
4. 12. DAUD BHARAT BHIMRAV
5. 13. DHANGAR PANKAJ CHHOTU
6. 14. DHOLE ROSHAN DEVIDAS
7. 15. FEGADE ATHARV RAJESH
8. 16. HARSHRAJ NITIN ASMAR

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 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
Certificate

This Is to Certify That Master BJA,CAN,CVU,DBB,DPC,DRD,FAR,HNA

Roll No 9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 As the Students Of 2nd Semester of Electrical
Engineering of Institute, Government Polytechnic, Jalgaon (Code:0018) Have
Completed the Micro project Satisfactorily in The Subject Basic Science:
Chemistry for The Academic Year 2022-2023 As Prescribed in The Curriculum.

Place: Jalgaon Enrollment No: 2200180582 to 2200180589

Date: Exam Seat No:

Subject Teacher Head of the Department Principal

Seal of
Institution

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 GOVTERNMENT POLYTECHNIC
JALGAON

-SUBMISSION-
This Project is submitted by BJA,CAN,CVU,DBB,DPC,DRD,FAR,HNA Roll no
9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16 as the students of 2nd Sem/Year of the Program
Electrical Engineering (EE) humbly submit that we have completed from time
to time the Microproject work as described in this report by our own skills and
study as per instructions/guidance of Prof A.M. Ghule.
And that following students were associated with me for this work; however,
quantum of our contribution has been approved by the Lecturer.

And that we have not copied the report on its any appreciable part from any other
literature in contravention of the academic ethics.

Date Signature of Student

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 Evaluation Sheet for the Micro Project

Academic Year: 2022-23

Name of the Faculty: Prof A.M. Ghule

Course: EOE Course code: 22213 Semester: II

Title of the project: Half wave rectifier with shunt capacitor filter

Roll Name of Student Marks out Marks out Total out

no of 6 for of 4 for of 10
activity in performance
group in oral
9. BODADE JAY ARJUN
10. CHABUKSWAAR
AADITYA NAGNATH
11. CHOPADE VRUSHABH
UMAKANT
12. DAUD BHARAT BHIMRAV
13. DHANGAR PANKAJ
CHHOTU
14. DHOLE ROSHAN
DEVIDAS
15. FEGADE ATHARV
RAJESH
16. HARSHRAJ NITIN ASMAR

Comments/suggestions about team work /leadership/inter-personal communication

(if any)

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 WEEKLY PROGRESS REPORT

SR.NO. WEEK ACTIVITY PERFORMED SIGN OF GUIDE DATE

1 Discussion and finalization of

topic

2 Preparation and submission of

Abstract
3 Literature Review

4 First Collection of Data

Week
5 Collection of Data

6 Discussion and outline of

Content

7 Formulation of Content

8 Second Editing and proof Reading of

Week Content
9 Compilation of Report And
Presentation
10 Seminar

11 Viva voce

12 Final submission of Micro

Third Project
Week

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The development of this Micro project might not have been possible without
considerable guidance and support. So, we would like to acknowledge to all
those who have enable us to complete this project.

Firstly, we would like to thank our project guide Prof A.M. Ghule and Head of
Department for providing the guideline with continuous advice and feedback
throughout the duration of designing this project. We also thank to the Dr. Parag
Patil (principal of Government Polytechnic Jalgaon) for providing us this golden
opportunity to embark on this project.

Secondly, we would also like to thank all other staff members of EE department
that we may have called upon for assistance since the genesis of this project,
their opinion and suggestion have helped us in drafting this project.

Last but not the least, we would like to thank all our friends for their valuable
opinions’ and sharing ideas during the development of this project.

Finally, we would like to thank our families for their understanding,

encouragement and support towards the completion of project.

Thank you

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 “dry cell”

Index:

Sr. No. Title Page no.

1 Introduction 8
2 History 9
3 Working 10
4 How to make dry cell at home? 11
5 Chemical effect of current in a cell. 13
6 Proper handling and disposal. 14
7 Advantages 14
8 Disadvantages 15
9 Application 15
10 References 16

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 INTRODUCTION

Dry Cell

The dry cell battery is one of the most commonly used types, including
AA, 9-volt, and watch batteries. Dry cell batteries are different from wet
cells because their electrolytes are contained in a low-moisture paste,
while a wet cell has electrolytes contained in a liquid, hence the
difference in names.

A chemical reaction within the battery creates an electrical charge that

flows from inside to an outer circuit that is connected to an electrical
device.

A commonly used dry-cell battery is made of up zinc-carbon battery which

is cuboidal or cylindrical in shape. The outer container of the cell is made
up of zinc which acts as an anode and the central carbon rod which is
surrounded by a mixture of carbon and manganese dioxide (MnO2) acts
as a cathode.

A paste of ammonium chloride (NH4cl) is filled in the rest of the body of

the cell which acts as an electrolyte. Also, there is a separator that is
present in between the ammonium chloride and zinc. It helps in preventing
any kind of reaction between them. The diagram given below will give us
a better view regarding the structure of dry cells.

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 HISTORY

A dry cell is a type of electric battery, commonly used for portable

electrical devices. Unlike wet cell batteries, which have a liquid
electrolyte, dry cells use an electrolyte in the form of a paste, and are
thus less susceptible to leakage.

The dry cell was developed in 1886 by the German scientist Carl Gassner,
after development of wet zinc–carbon batteries by Georges Leclanché in
1866. A type of dry cell was also developed by the Japanese Sakizō
Yai in 1887.

Dry cell battery by Wilhelm Hellesen

1890.

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 WORKING

What It Is Made Of?

• Dry cell batteries, regardless of their size, typically have the

same basic components.
• At the center of each is a rod called a cathode, which is
• often made of carbon and surrounded by an electrolyte paste.
• Different chemicals can be used to create this paste, such as
ammonium chloride and manganese dioxide, depending on the
type of battery.
• The cathode and electrolyte paste are wrapped in paper or
cardboard and sealed into a metal cylinder called an anode,
which is typically made of zinc.

How It Works?

• The anode in the dry cell battery has two terminals, one that is
positive and one that is negative.
• When a load is connected to the battery's terminals, a chemical
reaction occurs between the anode and the paste that produces
roughly 1.5 volts of electricity.
• This circuit physically connects to the electronic device the battery
is in, providing the charge necessary for the device to function.

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 • Each set of anode, electrolyte, and cathode acts as a single cell,
and multiple cells can be connected together within one dry cell
battery to produce a higher overall voltage.
• After the load has been connected for a long time, the battery's
chemicals break down and no longer produce a charge.
• Primary batteries should be discarded once they reach this point,
while secondary batteries can be recharged through special
devices.
• This effectively reverses the chemical reaction within each cell,
allowing the battery to continue working.

Process to make dry cell at home

• Rub the zinc and copper strips with an emery paper to free it from
any residues.
• Take a lemon (not too small) and twitch it forcefully.
• This allows the movement of its fluid within its structure.
• Slit the lemon by making two cuts, one each on every side.
• These cuts are made in order to insert the copper and zinc strips
into them.

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 • Insert a zinc strip into one cut and a copper strip into the other.

• Connect the red multimeter probe to the zinc strip and the black
probe to the copper strip.
• Check the value of voltage on the multimeter.
• The multimeter will read a voltage value of at least 5 volts.
• This implies that the lemon along with the metal strips acts as a
cell battery.
o .

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Chemical effect of current in a dry cell:

• Conversion of electric energy into chemical energy: the passage of

an electric current through a liquid causes chemical changes
through a process called electrolysis.

• Conduction is possible only in liquids wherein charged ions can be

dissociated in opposite directions.

• Such liquids are called electrolytes, and the plates through which
current enters and leaves an electrolyte are known as electrodes.

• The electrode towards which positive ions travel is called the

cathode, and the electrode towards which negative ions travel is
called the anode. The positive ions are called cations and negative
ions are called anions.

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Proper Handling and Disposal:

• Batteries frequently contain chemicals that are harmful if released

into the environment, and should be recycled properly.

• Many municipal recycling programs accept batteries, though

modern alkaline ones can typically be thrown away with household
trash.

• Consumers should also consider using rechargeable batteries

because they can be reused many times and can also be recycled
after they no longer hold a charge.

Advantages
1. The compact size of a dry cell makes it suitable for powering small
electronic devices. (toys, flashlights, portable radios, cameras, hearing
aids)

2. The electrolyte used in dry cells is relatively not so harmful to the

environment.

3. Dry cells are inexpensive.

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Disdvantages

Cost:
A primary cell must be utilized for one-time use. When the primary cell is
depleted, the only thing to do with them is to discard them.Primary cells
should be continually replaced, making them cheap upfront yet costly
over the long run. Secondary cells, then again, might be costly upfront
but last more over the long run.

Environmental Risks:

At the point when dry cell batteries are dumped into the landfill, they
have a few adverse consequences on the climate. These disposed of
batteries represent an incredible danger to creatures as they mistake
them to be food and consume them affecting their wellbeing. The
chemical compounds in the dry cell poison the ground and get into the
water table making the water dangerous to drink.

Health Risks:

If the chemicals inside the battery are exposed to an excessive amount

of heat, dry cell batteries can crack and explode. These chemicals are
profoundly acidic to the skin.

Application

The different uses of dry cell in daily life are as follows:

• A lot of portable electronic devices use dry cells.

• Chemical energy is turned into electrical energy in dry cells. Most of
the time, they are used in portable electronics.
• The alarm clock is portable, and only dry cells can be used to power
it.
• A dry cell is used every day in alarm clocks.

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 REFERENCES

https://www.vedantu.com/physics/dry-cell
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dry_cell
https://byjus.com/jee/dry-cell/
https://www.britannica.com/technology/dry-cell
https://www.elprocus.com/dry-cell/

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