WHAT IS CURRENT?

CONCEPT

We can think of the amount of water flowing through the hose from the tank as current. The higher
the pressure, the higher the flow, and vice-versa. With water, we would measure the volume of the
water flowing through the hose over a certain period of time. With electricity, we measure the
amount of charge flowing through the circuit over a period of time. Current is measured in Amperes
(usually just referred to as "Amps"). An ampere is defined as 6.241*10^18 electrons (1 Coulomb) per
second passing through a point in a circuit. Amps are represented in equations by the letter "I".
Let's say now that we have two tanks, each with a hose coming from the bottom. Each tank has the
exact same amount of water, but the hose on one tank is narrower than the hose on the other.

We measure the same amount of pressure at the end of either hose, but when the water begins to
flow, the flow rate of the water in the tank with the narrower hose will be less than the flow rate of the
water in the tank with the wider hose. In electrical terms, the current through the narrower hose is
less than the current through the wider hose. If we want the flow to be the same through both hoses,
we have to increase the amount of water (charge) in the tank with the narrower hose.

This increases the pressure (voltage) at the end of the narrower hose, pushing more water through
the tank. This is analogous to an increase in voltage that causes an increase in current.
Now we're starting to see the relationship between voltage and current. But there is a third factor to
be considered here: the width of the hose. In this analogy, the width of the hose is the resistance.
This means we need to add another term to our model:

 Water = Charge (measured in Coulombs)

 Pressure = Voltage (measured in Volts)
 Flow = Current (measured in Amperes, or "Amps" for short)
 Hose Width = Resistance
 What is MCB?

MCB or Miniature Circuit Breaker is an electromechanical device which protects an electric

circuit from an overcurrent. The overcurrent in an electrical circuit may result from short circuit,
overload or faulty design.

In short, MCB is a device for overload and short circuit protection. They are used in residential &
commercial areas. Just like we spend the time to make a thorough check before buying appliances
like washing machines or refrigerators, we must also research about Miniature Circuit Breakers.

An MCB is a better alternative to a Fuse since it does not require replacement once an overload is
detected. Unlike a fuse, an MCB can be easily operated and thus offers improved operational safety
and greater convenience without incurring a large operating cost. They are used to protect lower
current circuits and have the following specifications

 Current rating – Amperes

 Short Circuit Rating – Kilo Amperes (kA)
 Operating Characteristics – B, C, D, Z or K Curves

Types of MCB based on Tripping Characteristics

MCBs are classified into different types according to tripping over the range of fault current. The
important MCB types are as follows:

1. Type B MCB

2. Type C MCB

3. Type D MCB

4. Type K MCB

5. Type Z MCB

The tripping current and operating time of each of the above MCB types are given in the table
below.

Type Tripping Current Operating Time

Type B 3 To 5 times the full load current 0.04 To 13 Sec

Type C 5 To 10 times the full load current 0.04 To 5 Sec

Type D 10 To 20 times the full load current 0.04 To 3 Sec

Type K 8 To 12 times the full load current <0.1 Sec

Type Z 2 To 3 times the full load current <0.1 Sec

Electrical Calculation -(Part 1).
 Cable Capacity:
 For Cu Wire Current Capacity (Up to 30 Sq.mm) = 6X Size of Wire in Sq.mm
 Ex. For 2.5 Sq.mm=6×2.5=15 Amp, For 1 Sq.mm=6×1=6 Amp, For 1.5 Sq.mm=6×1.5=9 Amp
 For Cable Current Capacity = 4X Size of Cable in Sq.mm, Ex. For 2.5 Sq.mm=4×2.5=9 Amp.
 Nomenclature for cable Rating = Uo/U
 where Uo=Phase-Ground Voltage, U=Phase-Phase Voltage, Um=Highest Permissible Voltage

 Current Capacity of Equipments:

 1 Phase Motor draws Current=7Amp per HP.
 3 Phase Motor draws Current=1.25Amp per HP.
 Full Load Current of 3 Phase Motor=HPx1.5
 Full Load Current of 1 Phase Motor=HPx6
 No Load Current of 3 Phase Motor =30% of FLC
 KW Rating of Motor=HPx0.75
 Full Load Current of equipment =1.39xKVA (for 3 Phase 415Volt)
 Full Load Current of equipment =1.74xKw (for 3 Phase 415Volt)

Earthing Resistance:
 Earthing Resistance for Single Pit=5Ω ,Earthing Grid=0.5Ω
 As per NEC 1985 Earthing Resistance should be <5Ω.
 Voltage between Neutral and Earth <=2 Volts
 Resistance between Neutral and Earth <=1Ω
 Creepage Distance=18 to 22mm/KV (Moderate Polluted Air) or
 Creepage Distance=25 to 33mm/KV (Highly Polluted Air)

 Minimum Bending Radius:

 Minimum Bending Radius for LT Power Cable=12xDia of Cable.
 Minimum Bending Radius for HT Power Cable=20xDia of Cable.
 Minimum Bending Radius for Control Cable=10xDia of Cable.

Insulation Resistance:
 Insulation Resistance Value for Rotating Machine= (KV+1) MΩ.
 Insulation Resistance Value for Motor (IS 732) = ((20xVoltage (L-L)) / (1000+ (2xKW)).
 Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (<1KV) = Minimum 1 MΩ.
 Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (>1KV) = KV 1 MΩ per 1KV.
 Insulation Resistance Value for Panel = 2 x KV rating of the panel.
 Min Insulation Resistance Value (Domestic) = 50 MΩ / No of Points. (All Electrical Points with Electrical fitting
& Plugs). Should be less than 0.5 MΩ
 Min Insulation Resistance Value (Commercial) = 100 MΩ / No of Points. (All Electrical Points without fitting &
Plugs).Should be less than 0.5 MΩ.
 Test Voltage (A.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate Voltage) +1000
 Test Voltage (D.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate Voltage).
 Submersible Pump Take 0.4 KWH of extra Energy at 1 meter drop of Water.
 Lighting Arrestor:
 Arrestor have Two Rating=
 (1) MCOV=Max. Continuous Line to Ground Operating Voltage.
 (2) Duty Cycle Voltage. (Duty Cycle Voltage>MCOV).

 Transformer:
 Current Rating of Transformer=KVAx1.4
 Short Circuit Current of T.C /Generator= Current Rating / % Impedance
 No Load Current of Transformer=<2% of Transformer Rated current
 Capacitor Current (Ic)=KVAR / 1.732xVolt (Phase-Phase)
 Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up to 500kVA For maximum connected load of 99kW,
 Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up to 1250kVA For maximum connected load of 150kW.
 The diversity they would apply to apartments is around 60%
 Maximum HT (11kV) connected load will be around 4.5MVA per circuit.
 4No. earth pits per transformer (2No. for body and 2No. for neutral earthing),
 Clearances, approx.1000mm around TC allow for transformer movement for replacement.
 Diesel Generator:
 Diesel Generator Set Produces=3.87 Units (KWH) in 1 Litter of Diesel.
 Requirement Area of Diesel Generator = for 25KW to 48KW=56 Sq.meter, 100KW=65 Sq.meter.
 DG less than or equal to 1000kVA must be in a canopy.
 DG greater 1000kVA can either be in a canopy or skid mounted in an acoustically treated room
 DG noise levels to be less than 75dBA @ 1meter.
 DG fuel storage tanks should be a maximum of 990 Litter per unit Storage tanks above this level will trigger
more stringent explosion protection provision.

 Current Transformer:
 Nomenclature of CT:
 Ratio: input / output current ratio
 Burden (VA): total burden including pilot wires. (2.5, 5, 10, 15 and 30VA.)
 Class: Accuracy required for operation (Metering: 0.2, 0.5, 1 or 3, Protection: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30).
 Accuracy Limit Factor:
 Nomenclature of CT: Ratio, VA Burden, Accuracy Class, Accuracy Limit Factor.Example: 1600/5, 15VA
5P10 (Ratio: 1600/5, Burden: 15VA, Accuracy Class: 5P, ALF: 10)
 As per IEEE Metering CT: 0.3B0.1 rated Metering CT is accurate to 0.3 percent if the connected secondary
burden if impedance does not exceed 0.1 ohms.
 As per IEEE Relaying (Protection) CT: 2.5C100 Relaying CT is accurate within 2.5 percent if the secondary
burden is less than 1.0 ohm (100 volts/100A).

Quick Electrical Calculation

1HP=0.746KW Star Connection
1KW=1.36HP Line Voltage=√3 Phase Voltage
1Watt=0.846 Kla/Hr Line Current=Phase Current
1Watt=3.41 BTU/Hr Delta Connection
1KWH=3.6 MJ Line Voltage=Phase Voltage
1Cal=4.186 J Line Current=√3 Phase Current
1Tone= 3530 BTU
85 Sq.ft Floor Area=1200 BTU
1Kcal=4186 Joule
1KWH=860 Kcal
1Cal=4.183 Joule
PART-2
Useful Equations:
 For Sinusoidal Current : Form Factor = RMS Value/Average Value=1.11
 For Sinusoidal Current : Peak Factor = Max Value/RMS Value =1.414
 Average Value of Sinusoidal Current(Iav)=0.637xIm (Im= Max.Value)
 RMS Value of Sinusoidal Current(Irms)=0.707xIm (Im= Max.Value)
 A.C Current=D.C Current/0.636.
 Phase Difference between Phase= 360/ No of Phase (1 Phase=230/1=360°,2Phase=360/2=180°)
 Short Circuit Level of Cable in KA (Isc)=(0.094xCable Dia in Sq.mm)/√ Short Circuit Time (Sec)
 Max.Cross Section Area of Earthing Strip(mm2) =√(Fault Current x Fault Current x Operating Time of
Disconnected Device ) / K
 K=Material Factor, K for Cu=159, K for Alu=105, K for steel=58 , K for GI=80
 Most Economical Voltage at given Distance=5.5x√ ((km/1.6)+(kw/100))
 Cable Voltage Drop(%)=(1.732xcurrentx(RcosǾ+jsinǾ)x1.732xLength (km)x100)/(Volt(L-L)x Cable Run.
 Spacing of Conductor in Transmission Line (mm) = 500 + 18x (P-P Volt) + (2x (Span in Length)/50).
 Protection radius of Lighting Arrestor = √hx (2D-h) + (2D+L). Where h= height of L.A, D-distance of equipment
(20, 40, 60 Meter), L=Vxt (V=1m/ms, t=Discharge Time).
 Size of Lighting Arrestor= 1.5x Phase to Earth Voltage or 1.5x (System Voltage/1.732).
 Maximum Voltage of the System= 1.1xRated Voltage (Ex. 66KV=1.1×66=72.6KV)
 Load Factor=Average Power/Peak Power
 If Load Factor is 1 or 100% = This is best situation for System and Consumer both.
 If Load Factor is Low (0 or 25%) =you are paying maximum amount of KWH consumption. Load Factor may be
increased by switching or use of your Electrical Application.
 Demand Factor= Maximum Demand / Total Connected Load (Demand Factor <1)
 Demand factor should be applied for Group Load
 Diversity Factor= Sum of Maximum Power Demand / Maximum Demand (Demand Factor >1)
 Diversity factor should be consider for individual Load
 Plant Factor(Plant Capacity)= Average Load / Capacity of Plant
 Fusing Factor=Minimum Fusing Current / Current Rating (Fusing Factor>1).
 Voltage Variation(1 to 1.5%)= ((Average Voltage-Min Voltage)x100)/Average Voltage
 Ex: 462V, 463V, 455V, Voltage Variation= ((460-455) x100)/455=1.1%.
 Current Variation(10%)= ((Average Current-Min Current)x100)/Average Current
 Ex:30A,35A,30A, Current Variation=((35-31.7)x100)/31.7=10.4%
 Fault Level at TC Secondary=TC (VA) x100 / Transformer Secondary (V) x Impedance (%)
 Motor Full Load Current= Kw /1.732xKVxP.FxEfficiency

Size of Capacitor for P.F Correction:

For Motor
Size of Capacitor = 1/3 Hp of Motor ( 0.12x KW of Motor)
For Transformer
< 315 KVA 5% of KVA Rating
315 KVA to 1000 KVA 6% of KVA Rating
>1000 KVA 8% of KVA Rating

Earthing Resistance value:

Earthing Resistance Value
Power Station 0.5 Ω
Sub Station Major 1.0 Ω
Sub Station Minor 2.0 Ω
Distribution Transformer 5.0 Ω
Transmission Line 10 Ω
 Single Isolate Earth Pit 5.0 Ω
Earthing Grid 0.5 Ω
As per NEC Earthing Resistance should be <5.0 Ω

Voltage Limit (As per CPWD & Kerala Elect.Board):

Voltage Limit (As Per CPWD)
240V < 5 KW
415V <100 KVA
11KV
MVA
22KV <6 MVA
33KV <12 MVA
66KV <20 MVA
110KV <40 MVA
220KV >40 MVA

Voltage Variation
> 33 KV (-) 12.5% to (+) 10%

< 33 KV (-) 9% to (+) 6%

Low Voltage (-) 6% to (+) 6%

Insulation Class:
Insulation Temperature
Class A 105°C
Class E 120°C
Class B 130°C
Class F 155°C
Class H 180°C
Class N 200°C

Standard Voltage Limit:

Voltage IEC (60038) IEC (6100:3.6) Indian Elect. Rule
 ELV < 50 V

LV 50 V to 1 KV <=1 KV < 250 V

MV <= 35 KV 250 V to 650 V

HV > 1KV <= 230 KV 650 V to 33 KV

EHV > 230 KV > 33 KV

Standard Electrical Connection (As per GERC):

As per Type of Connection
Connection Voltage
LT Connection <=440V
HT connection 440V to 66KV
EHT connection >= 66KV
As per Electrical Load Demand
Up 6W Load demand 1 Phase 230V Supply
6W to 100KVA(100KW) 3 Phase 440V Supply
100KVA to 2500KVA 11KV,22KV,33KV
Above 2500KVA 66KV
HT Connection Earthing
H.T Connection’s Earthing Strip 20mmX4mm Cu. Strip
CT & PT bodies 2Nos
PT Secondary 1Nos
CT Secondary 1Nos
I/C and O/G Cable+ Cubicle Body 2Nos

Standard Meter Room Size (As per GERC):

Meter Box Height Upper level does not beyond 1.7 meter and Lower level should not
below 1.2 meter from ground.

Facing of Meter Box Meter Box should be at front area of Building at Ground Floor.

Meter Room / Closed Shade 4 meter square Size

Approximate Load as per Sq.ft Area (As per DHBVN):

Sq.ft Area Required Load (Connected)
 < 900 Sq.ft 8 KW

901 Sq.ft to 1600 Sq.ft 16 KW

1601 Sq.ft to 2500 Sq.ft 20 KW

> 2500 Sq.ft 24 KW

For Flats :100 Sq.ft / 1 KW

For Flats USS /TC: 100 Sq.ft / 23 KVA

Contracted Load in case of High-rise Building:

For Domestic Load 500 watt per 100 Sq. foot of the constructed area.

For Commercial 1500 watt per 100 Sq. foot of the constructed area

For lift, water lifting pump, streetlight if any, corridor/campus lighting

Other Common Load
and other common facilities, actual load shall be calculated

Staircase Light 11KW/Flat Ex: 200Flat=200×11=2.2KW

Sanctioned Load for Building

Up to 50 kW The L.T. existing mains shall be strengthened.
50 kW to 450 kW (500 kVA) 11 kV existing feeders shall be extended if spare capacity is
available otherwise, new 11 kV feeders shall be constructed.
450 kW to 2550 kW (3000 kVA) 11 kV feeder shall be constructed from the nearest 33 kV or 110 kV
substation
2550 kW to 8500 kW (10,000 kVA) 33kV feeder from 33 kV or 110 kV sub station
8500 kW (10,000 kVA) 110 kV feeder from nearest 110 kV or 220 kV sub-station

PART-4

Sub Station Capacity & Short Circuit Current Capacity:

 As per GERC
Voltage Sub Station Capacity Short Circuit Current
400 KV Up to 1000 MVA 40 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
220 KV Up to 320 MVA 40 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
132 KV Up to 150 MVA 32 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
66 KV Up to 80 MVA 25 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
33 KV 1.5 MVA to 5 MVA 35 KA (Urban) (1 to 3 Sec)
11 KV 150 KVA to 1.5 MVA 25 KA (Rural) (1 to 3 Sec)
415 V 6 KVA to 150 KVA 10 KA (1 to 3 Sec)
220 V Up to 6 KVA 6 KA (1 to 3 Sec)

Sub Station Capacity & Short Circuit Current Capacity:

As per Central Electricity Authority
Voltage Sub Station Capacity Short Circuit Current
765 KV 4500 MVA 31.5 KA for 1 Sec
400 KV 1500 MVA 31.5 KA for 1 Sec
220 KV 500 MVA 40 KA for 1 Sec
110/132 KV 150 MVA 40 KA or 50 KA for 1 Sec
66 KV 75 MVA 40 KA or 50 KA for 1 Sec

Minimum Ground Clearance and Fault Clearing Time:

Voltage Min. Ground Clearance Fault Clear Time

400 KV 8.8 Meter 100 mille second

220 KV 8.0 Meter 120 mille second

132 KV 6.1 Meter 160 mille second

66 KV 5.1 Meter 300 mille second

33 KV 3.7 Meter

11 KV 2.7 Meter

Bus bar Ampere Rating:

For Phase Bus bar Aluminium 130 Amp / Sq.cm or 800Amp / Sq.inch.

For Phase Bus bar Copper 160 Amp / Sq.cm or 1000Amp / Sq.inch

For Neutral Bus bar Same as Phase Bus bar up to 200 Amp than Size of Neutral Bus bar is at least
 half of Phase Bus bar.

Bus bar Spacing:

Between Phase and Earth 26mm (Min)

Between Phase and Phase 32mm (Min)

Bus bar Support between Two Insulator 250mm.

Sound Level of Diesel Generator (ANSI 89.2&NEMA 51.20):

KVA Max. Sound Level
<9 KVA 40 DB
10 KVA to 50 KVA 45 DB
51 KVA to 150 KVA 50 DB
151 KVA to 300 KVA 55 DB
301 KVA to 500 KVA 60 DB

IR Value of Transformer:
IR Value of Transformer
Voltage 30°C 40°C 50°C
>66KV 600MΩ 300MΩ 150MΩ
22KV to 33KV 500MΩ 250MΩ 125MΩ
6.6KV to 11KV 400MΩ 200MΩ 100MΩ
<6.6KV 200MΩ 100MΩ 50MΩ
415V 100MΩ 50MΩ 20MΩ

Standard Size of MCB/MCCB/ELCB/RCCB/SFU/Fuse:

MCB Up to 63 Amp (80Amp and 100 Amp a per Request)

MCCB Up to 1600 Amp (2000 Amp as per Request)

ACB Above 1000 Amp

MCB Rating 6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63A

MCCB Rating 0.5A,1A,2A,4A,6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63A,80A,100A

(Domestic Max 6A)

RCCB/ELCB 6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63A,80A,100A

Sen. of ELCB 30ma (Domestic),100ma (Industrial),300ma

 DPIC (Double Pole Iron Clad) main 5A,15A,30 A for 250V
switch

TPIC (Triple Pole Iron Clad) main 30A, 60A, 100A, 200 A For 500 V
switch

DPMCB 5A, 10A, 16A, 32A and 63 A for 250V

TPMCCB 100A,200A, 300Aand 500 A For 660 V

TPN main switch 30A, 60A, 100A, 200A, 300 A For 500 V

TPNMCB 16A, 32A,63A For 500 V, beyond this TPNMCCB: 100A, 200A,
300A, 500 A For 660 V

TPN Fuse Unit (Rewirable) 16A,32A,63A,100A,200A

Change over switch (Off Load) 32A,63A,100A,200A,300A,400A,630A,800A

SFU (Switch Fuse Unit) 32A,63A,100A,125A,160A,200A,250A,315A,400A,630A

HRC Fuse TPN (Bakelite) 125A,160A,200A,250A,400A.630A

HRC Fuse DPN (Bakelite) 16A,32A,63A

MCB/MCCB/ELCB Termination Wire / Cable

Up to 20A MCB Max. 25 Sq.mm
20A to 63A MCB Max. 35 Sq.mm
MCCB Max. 25 Sq.mm
6A to 45A ELCB 16 Sq.mm
24A to 63A ELCB 35 Sq.mm
80A to 100A ELCB 50 Sq.mm

PART-5

Standard Size of Transformer (IEEE/ANSI 57.120):

Single Phase Transformer Three Phase Transformer
 5KVA,10 KVA,15 KVA,25 KVA,37.5 KVA,50 3 KVA,5 KVA,9 KVA,15 KVA,30 KVA,45 KVA,75 KVA,112.5
KVA,75 KVA,100 KVA,167 KVA,250 KVA, KVA,150 KVA,225 KVA,300 KVA,500 KVA,750
333 KVA,500 KVA,833 KVA,1.25 KVA,1.66 KVA,1MVA,1.5 MVA,2 MVA,2.5 MVA,3.7 MVA,5
KVA,2.5 KVA,3.33 KVA,5.0 KVA,6.6 MVA,7.5MVA, 10MVA ,12MVA,15MVA,20MVA ,25MVA,
KVA,8.3 KVA,10.0 KVA,12.5 KVA,16.6 30MVA,37.5MVA ,50MVA ,60MVA,75MVA,100MVA
KVA,20.8 KVA,25.0 KVA,33.33 KVA

Standard Size of Motor (HP):

Electrical Motor (HP)
1,1.5,2,3,5,7.5,10,15,20,30,40,50,60,75,100,125,150,200,250,300,400,450,500,600,700,
800,900,1000,1250,1250,1500,1750,2000,2250,3000,3500,4000

Approximate RPM of Motor

HP RPM
< 10 HP 750 RPM
10 HP to 30 HP 600 RPM
30 HP to 125 HP 500 RPM
125 HP to 300 HP 375 RPM

Standard Size of Motor (HP):

Electrical Motor (HP)
1,1.5,2,3,5,7.5,10,15,20,30,40,50,60,75,100,125,150,200,250,300,400,450,500,600,700,
800,900,1000,1250,1250,1500,1750,2000,2250,3000,3500,4000

Motor Line Voltage:

Motor (KW) Line Voltage
< 250 KW 440 V (LV)
150 KW to 3000KW 2.5 KV to 4.1 KV (HV)
200 KW to 3000KW 3.3 KV to 7.2 KV (HV)
1000 KW to 1500KW 6.6 KV to 13.8 KV (HV)

Motor Starting Current:

Supply Size of Motor Max. Starting Current
1 Phase < 1 HP 6 X Motor Full Load Current
1 Phase 1 HP to 10 HP 3 X Motor Full Load Current
3 Phase 10 HP 2 X Motor Full Load Current
3 Phase 10 HP to 15 HP 2 X Motor Full Load Current
3 Phase > 15 HP 1.5 X Motor Full Load Current
Motor Starter:
Starter HP or KW Starting Current Torque
DOL <13 HP(11KW) 7 X Full Load Current Good
Star-Delta 13 HP to 48 HP 3 X Full Load Current Poor
Auto TC > 48 HP (37 KW) 4 X Full Load Current Good/ Average
VSD 0.5 to 1.5 X Full Load Current Excellent
Motor > 2.2KW Should not connect direct to supply voltage if it is in Delta winding

Impedance of Transformer (As per IS 2026):

MVA % Impedance
< 1 MVA 5%
1 MVA to 2.5 MVA 6%
2.5 MVA to 5 MVA 7%
5 MVA to 7 MVA 8%
7 MVA to 12 MVA 9%
12 MVA to 30 MVA 10%
> 30 MVA 12.5%

Standard Size of Transformer:

Standard Size of Transformer KVA
Power Transformer (Urban) 3,6,8,10,16
Power Transformer (Rural) 1,1.6,3.15,5
Distribution Transformer 25,50,63,100,250,315,400,500,630

PART-6
Transformer Earthing Wire / Strip Size:
Size of T.C or DG Body Earthing Neutral Earthing
<315 KVA 25×3 mm Cu / 40×6 mm GI Strip 25×3 mm Cu Strip
315 KVA to 500 KVA 25×3 mm Cu / 40×6 mm GI Strip 25×3 mm Cu Strip
500 KVA to 750 KVA 25×3 mm Cu / 40×6 mm GI Strip 40×3 mm Cu Strip
750 KVA to 1000 KVA 25×3 mm Cu / 40×6 mm GI Strip 50×3 mm Cu Strip

Motor Earthing Wire / Strip Size:

 Size of Motor Body Earthing
< 5.5 KW 85 SWG GI Wire
5.5 KW to 22 KW 25×6 mm GI Strip
22 KW to 55 KW 40×6 mm GI Strip
>55 KW 50×6 mm GI Strip

Panel Earthing Wire / Strip Size:

Type of Panel Body Earthing
Lighting & Local Panel 25×6 mm GI Strip
Control & Relay Panel 25×6 mm GI Strip
D.G & Exciter Panel 50×6 mm GI Strip
D.G & T/C Neutral 50×6 mm Cu Strip

Electrical Equipment Earthing:

Equipment Body Earthing
LA (5KA,9KA) 25×3 mm Cu Strip
HT Switchgear 50×6 mm GI Strip
Structure 50×6 mm GI Strip
Cable Tray 50×6 mm GI Strip
Fence / Rail Gate 50×6 mm GI Strip

Earthing Wire (As per BS 7671)

Cross Section Area of Phase, Neutral Minimum Cross Section area of Earthing Conductor
Conductor(S) mm2 (mm2)
S<=16 S (Not less than 2.5 mm2)
16<S<=35 16
S>35 S/2

Area for Transformer Room: (As per NBC-2005):

Transformer Min. Transformer Min. Total Sub Station Min. Space
Size Room Area (M2) Area( Incoming HV,LV Panel, Width (Meter)
T.C Roof) (M2)

1X160 14 90 9

2X160 28 118 13.5

1X250 15 91 9
2X250 30 121 13.5
1X400 16.5 93 9
2X400 33 125 13.5
 3X400 49.5 167 18
2X500 36 130 14.5
3X500 54 172 19
2X630 36 132 14.5
3X630 54 176 19
2X800 39 135 14.5
3X800 58 181 14
2X1000 39 149 14.5
3X1000 58 197 19
 The Capacitor Bank should be automatic Switched type for Sub Station of 5MVA and Higher.
 Transformer up to 25KVA can be mounted direct on Pole.
 Transformer from 25KVA to 250KVA can be mounted either on “H” Frame of Plinth.
 Transformer above 250KVA can be mounted Plinth only.
 Transformer above 100MVA shall be protected by Drop out Fuse or Circuit Breaker.

Span of Transmission Line (Central Electricity Authority):

Voltage Normal Span
765 KV 400 to 450 Meter
400 KV 400 Meter
220 KV 335,350,375 Meter
132 KV 315,325,335 Meter
66 KV 240,250,275 Meter

Max. Lock Rotor Amp for 1 Phase 230 V Motor (NEMA)

HP Amp
1 HP 45 Amp
1.5 HP 50 Amp
2 HP 65 Amp
3 HP 90 Amp
5 HP 135 Amp
7.5 HP 200 Amp
10 HP 260 Amp

Three Phase Motor Code (NEMA)

 HP Code
<1 HP L
1.5 to 2.0 HP L,M
3 HP K
5 HP J
7 to 10 HPPHPHPHHHHH H
>15 HP G

Service Factor of Motor:

Synchronous Speed (RPM)
HP 3600 1800 1200 900 720 600 514
RPM RPM RPM RPM RPM RPM RPM
1 HP 1.25 1.15 1.15 1.15 1 1 1
1.5 to 1.25 HP 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15
150 HP 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1
200 HP 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1 1
> 200 HP 1 1.15 1 1 1 1 1

Type of Contactor:
Type Application
AC1 Non Inductive Load or Slightly Inductive Load
AC2 Slip Ring Motor, Starting, Switching OFF
AC3 Squirrel Cage Motor
AC4,AC5,AC5a, Rapid Start & Rapid Stop
AC5b,AC6a
AC 5a Auxiliary Control circuit
AC 5b Electrical discharge Lamp
AC 6a Electrical Incandescent Lamp
AC 6b Transformer Switching
AC 7a Switching of Capacitor Bank
AC 7b Slightly Inductive Load in Household
AC 5a Motor Load in Household
AC 8a Hermetic refrigerant compressor motor with Manual Reset O/L Relay
AC 8b Hermetic refrigerant compressor motor with Automatic Reset O/L Relay
AC 12 Control of Resistive Load & Solid State Load
AC 13 Control of Resistive Load & Solid State Load with Transformer Isolation
AC 14 Control of small Electro Magnetic Load (<72 VA)
AC 15 Control of Electro Magnetic Load (>72 VA)
Contactor Coil:
Coil Voltage Suffix
24 Volt T
48 Volt W
110 to 127 Volt A
220 to 240 Volt B
277 Volt H
380 to 415 Volt L

Amperes Capacity Of Cooper / Aluminium wire:

Wire Size_(Sq.mm) Amperes Capacity_(CU) Amperes Capacity_(AL)
1 10
1.5 13-18
2.5 18-24
4 30
6 38
10 52
16 70
25 88
35 110
50 145
70 215
95 260
120 305
150 355
185 415
240
300
400
500
630
800
1000

Earth Plates Size:

GI PLATES_( L x W x H) Cooper PLATES_( L x W x H)
600 x 600 x 5 mm 600 x 600 x 2.5 mm
600 x 600 x 6 mm 400 x 400 x 3.2 mm
300 x 300 x 6 mm 300 x 300 x 3.5 mm

Earth Strip Size:

GI Strip Weight Cooper Strip Weight
 25 x 3 mm 600 gm per meter 25 x 3 mm 700 gm per meter
25 x 6 mm 1.2kg per meter 25 x 6 mm 1.5 kg per meter
32 x 6 mm 1.5kg per meter 32 x 6 mm 1.8 kg per meter
40 x 6 mm 2 kg per meter 40 x 6 mm 2.5 kg per meter
50 x 6 mm 2.4 kg per meter 50 x 6 mm 2.8 kg per meter
50 x 6 mm 2.4 kg per meter 50 x 6 mm 2.8 kg per meter

Types of DB:

SPN DB

TPN DB
SL. NO Types of DB Incoming Outgoing Neutral Bar Earthing Bar
1 2 way SPN
2 4 way SPN
3 6 way SPN
4 8 way SPN
5 10 way SPN
6 12 way SPN
7 14 way SPN
8 16 way SPN
9 18 way SPN
10 20 way SPN
11
12
13
14

SL. NO Types of DB Incoming Outgoing Neutral Bar Earthing Bar

1 2 way TPN
2 4 way TPN
3 6 way TPN
4 8 way TPN
5 10 way TPN
6 12 way TPN
7 14 way TPN
8 16 way TPN
9 18 way TPN
10 20 way TPN
11 24 way TPN
 12
13
14

Types of GI BOX:

Module Box Size

1 or 2 Module
3 Module
4 Module
6 Module
8 or 9 Module Horizontal
8 Module Rectangle
12 Module
16 Module
18 Module

Types of Conduit:

There is three types of conduits

1.LMS ( Low Mechanical Stress ).

2.MMS ( Medium Mechanical Stress ).

3.HMS (Heavy Mechanical Stress ).

FRLS (Fire Retardant Low Smoke)

FRLSH (Fire Retardant Low Smoke and Halogen)

Conduit 1Sqmm 1.5Sqmm 2.5Sqmm 4Sqmm 6Sqmm 10Sqmm 16Sqmm

SIZE
20 mm
25 mm
32 mm
40 mm
50 mm
63 mm
 80 mm
100 mm
125 mm
150 mm
200 mm