Capacity Building of Key Stage 1 Teachers on

Learning Recovery in Literacy and Numeracy

Module 2

Session 3
Becoming Smarter in Applying Strategies for
Solving Routing Problems in Numeracy
 Module 2
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MODULE NO. 2 SESSION NO. 3

SESSION TITLE: Becoming Smarter in Applying

Strategies for Solving Routine Problems
in Numeracy

SESSION OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the session, the participants shall be able to:

Proficient Teachers

develop an activity sheet incorporating strategies and activities in solving routine

problems involving subtraction without or with addition of whole numbers
including money

Highly Proficient Teachers

evaluate the developed activity sheet incorporating strategies and activities in

solving routine problems involving subtraction without or with addition of whole
numbers including money

Module Content: Solving Routine Problems in Numeracy

Estimated Time Required: 240 Minutes

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INTRODUCTION

Building a solid foundation in reading and numeracy

among learners is a key aspect of our duty as instructors since
it improves their capacity to engage in learning, realize their
potential, and fully participate in society.

Numeracy is employed in so many facets of our lives,

numeracy abilities are essential for accessing the wider
curriculum. Having adequate numeracy skills can significantly
increase learners' achievement because they are used in many
facets of their daily life. Employability, reading, and numeracy
abilities are frequently combined in the workplace. These
prerequisite abilities frequently overlap and are essential for
every task.

This module will introduce you to a variety of numeracy-

promoting teaching strategies as well as how improving these
skills increases learners' access to deeper understandings.

This module will also assist you in examining the

information and abilities that a Key Stage 1 math teacher
needs to know in order to assist learners in acquiring skills
required to succeed in numeracy learning and in life.

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TARGET INDICATOR/S & COMPETENCY/IES

At the end of this module, the targets are as follows:

Proficient Teachers

1.5.2 Apply a range of teaching strategies to develop critical and creative

thinking, as well as other higher-order thinking skills.

1.4.2 Use a range of teaching strategies that enhance learner achievement

in literacy and numeracy skills

Highly Proficient Teachers

1.5.3 Develop and apply effective teaching strategies to promote critical

and creative thinking, as well as other higher-order thinking skills

1.4.3 Evaluate with colleagues the effectiveness of teaching strategies that

promote learner achievement in literacy and numeracy

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OVERVIEW

This module contains activities that are phased to improve the

professional skills that intend to help increase learners’ performance in
identified Least Mastered Competencies like the MELC: Solves routine
and nonroutine problems involving subtraction without or with the
addition of whole numbers, including money using appropriate problem-
solving strategies and tools which helps increase the number
approaching proficient or better in Key Stage 1.

Achieving improved professional skills will address the poor

performance of learners in numeracy. It will increase the number of
learners approaching proficiency or better at the end of the school year.

Through this module, teachers will use this as a guide to a process

that will help them address the least mastered competencies in
numeracy.

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SELF-REFLECTION

Now, let's consider how you currently handle a variety of teaching

strategies that improve learner learning success in numeracy.

Knowledge

As a Proficient/Highly Proficient Teacher

I Know…….example: a variety of strategies to raise learners' numeracy

proficiency in solving problems.

Skill

As a Proficient/Highly Proficient Teacher

I Do ....... example: use a variety of strategies to improve learners' achievement in

numeracy abilities in problem solving.

Attitude

As a Proficient/Highly Proficient Teacher

I Feel…...example: that when the process of problem solving are firmly

established, learners learn better and perform better in solving problems.

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SUPPORT GROUP

As a teacher, how are things progressing right now?

We hope you understand the purpose of this Module. We are

pleased to welcome you to our support group, where we can assist you
evaluate your expertise and capability as a Key Stage 1 Math teacher in
assisting learners in acquiring the foundational abilities required to
reach success in life and in academics, especially numeracy.

SITUATION:

In a class of 40 learners, the teacher at the end of her class noticed

that on the lesson about solving routine problems involving subtraction
without or with addition of whole number numbers, out of the 40 learners
80% or 32 of the learners have not mastered the lesson.

Probing Question:

1. What do you think are the reasons for the learners not to be able to
master the lesson?

2. What do you think is the strategy the teacher used to teach the lesson?

3. If you are the teacher, what strategies will you use to see to it
that the learners mastered the lesson at the end of the session?

4. What strategies will you suggest to the teacher in teaching the lesson?

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KEY CONCEPTS/TOPICS/CONTENT

This are concepts that you may encounter during the use of this module:

CREATIVE THINKING. This refers to the ability to produce a wide variety of

ideas, to manipulate those ideas in unique ways, and to connect those
ideas in novel ways in order to define novel options that have the
potential to tastefully accomplish a particular goal.
(https://research.acer.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1038&context=ar_misc)

CRITICAL THINKING. This refers to the ability to effectively assess

information and make decisions.
(https://www.scribbr.com/working-with-sources/critical-thinking/)

LEARNER ACHIEVEMENT. This refers to the realization by a learner of

academic material or content knowledge within a given period. Within a
given period, teachers have a certain amount of academic material they
need to teach and learners need to learn. Learner achievement increases
when teachers provide quality teaching aligned with set standards.

LEAST MASTERED COMPETENCY. This refers to competencies that

were identified to have not yet been mastered as a result of the conduct of
assessment.

HIGHER ORDER THINKING SKILLS. This refers to a kind of inquiry

used by teachers to assist their learners to go from lower order,
knowledge-based learning to higher order learning, which places more
emphasis on critical thinking abilities. (https://www.igi-
global.com/dictionary/higher-order-thinking-skills-hots/73019)

NUMERACY. This refers to the ability to understand and use

mathematical knowledge for calculating, problem solving, and
interpreting information in order to arrive at educated and well-informed
decisions. Numeracy is an important skill for learners to master to help
them prepare for life beyond the school and within the workplace and
greater community.

PROBLEM SOLVING. This refers to mathematical tasks that have the

potential to provide intellectual challenges for enhancing learners'
mathematical understanding and development.

TEACHING STRATEGIES. These refer to techniques, practices,

approaches, and systems teachers employ in their classroom practice to
advance learner learning.

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SUGGESTED LEARNING ACTIVITIES (What to Do, How to Do It)

SUBTRACTING WHOLE NUMBERS

Activity 1: Open Number Line

Number lines are frequently employed by learners for adding, and

they can also be used for subtracting. Number lines can help your child
show their answer and demonstrate the idea of taking a quantity away
when solving straightforward two-digit problems.

As a teacher, when you're going to use open number lines, preview

the issue beforehand and make sure the number line you make has the
right range. In order to solve problems, simplify the procedure by using it
to show how to count backwards and reduce from a number. When
answering a problem using standard form, keep it close at hand for
checking your work.

Watch the link to know the process of the activity

https://youtu.be/R01g6yHGrmg

Source:
https://www.kidsacademy.mobi/storytime/teaching-subtraction-with-regrouping/

Activity 2: Base Ten Blocks or Counter

Learners utilize base ten blocks, counters, or other small

manipulatives to represent ones, tens, and hundreds to aid in problem-
solving whether learning place value, elementary addition, or starting
subtraction. These also help in learning how to regroup.

Give learners a graphic organizer to use that is divided into two

columns to represent ones and tens. Learners are given a problem in
standard form, and they are instructed to add the proper number to the
tens and ones spaces using base blocks or counters, which can be
anything from dry beans to marbles to even Lego pieces. Demonstrate to
learners how to solve a standard form problem by talking them through
each step, starting with subtracting from the ones space before going on to
the tens, and adjusting the manipulatives as you proceed.

Learners should be told that the numbers must be rearranged if the

number in the bottom one's column is greater than the top. Before
demonstrating it in writing, use the blocks to demonstrate how it would

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work. For instance, if the task was to solve the equation 26-8, your
learner would realize right away that there are only 6 ones in the column.
Instead, take a ten from the tens column to regroup

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and carry-on subtracting. Your learner will gain a visual understanding of

why one must regroup to solve the problem by doing this.

Watch the link to know the process of the activity

https://youtu.be/cQFAZxarm3Y

Source:
https://www.kidsacademy.mobi/storytime/teaching-subtraction-with-regrouping/

Activity 3: Deconstruction Zone

Learners utilize base ten blocks represent ones, tens, and hundreds
to aid in problem-solving through subtraction. These also help in
learning how to regroup.

WHAT TO DO:

Learners need four materials:

● A building board
● A set of construction zone cards (these differentiate)
● A set of base ten blocks
● A recording sheet

HOW TO DO:

Steps for playing:

● Set up one building board with a matching set of cards
(Pick a set from any of the four stages of teaching from
above). All cards should be face-down in a pile.
● Flip over one card to receive a subtraction problem.
● Build the first number (the minuend) with base ten
blocks. Place the tens on the left side and those on the
right inside the tens frame.
● Next, remove the subtrahend (the number being
subtracted) from your base ten blocks.
● If you don’t have enough ones, “break” or decompose a
ten rod into ten ones and place those in the ten-frame on
the right.
● After, count the total base-ten blocks you have (by tens
and ones). That’s your difference!
● Record your final answer!
Source:
https://jillianstarrteaching.com/subtraction-with-regrouping/

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Activity 4: Using expanded notation subtraction and standard

algorithm subtraction.

Activity 5: Column Relay

Present the following problem.

Daniel earned 35 by delivering water to several houses. He gave 15 of his

earnings to his mother and 12 to his sister. How much money was left to
him?

Directions:
1. Divide the class into 6 groups. Each member will answer one column.
2. Give the first pupil a copy of the questions. He answers the question
then passes the copy to the second pupil. The second pupil answers
the end question and then passes the copy to the 3rd pupil and so
on.
3. Read the problem posted on the board, then answer each question below:
a. What are given?
b. What is being asked?
c. What operation/s is/are needed to solve?
d. What equation will represent the problem?
e. Solve the operation:
f. Label and look back.

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Source:
Department of Education, Bureau of Elementary Education, (2010). Lesson Guide on Elementary
Mathematics Grade 3: Chapter 1 Whole Numbers Subtraction.

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Activity 6: Cooperative Learning Activity: “Rally Table”

1. Group the class in pairs; players A and B.

2. Each member of the pair takes turn in answering the questions
posted on the board.
3. Present these problems on the board.

Rules:

Player A writes the hidden question.

Player B answers the hidden question.
Player A writes the equation that will solve the
problem. Player B answers/solves the equation.

1. Mang Carlos raised 35 piglets for sale. He sold 10 piglets to his

mother and 5 piglets to his friend. How many piglets were left to
him?
2. Danilo arranged 564 books in the library. The next day, he arranged
345 books. There are 1 500 books in the library. How many more
books will Danilo arrange?
3. In the pupils’ government election, Alexis received 112 votes. Brylle
received 186 votes. The winner Joric received 312 votes. How many
more votes did Joric receive than Alexis and Brylle?

Ask the following questions to learners.

Do you think you can solve the problems without following the

steps? Was your solutions correct? Was your answer correct?

If your answer was not correct, in what part did you commit a mistake?

Source:
Department of Education, Bureau of Elementary Education, (2010). Lesson Guide on Elementary
Mathematics Grade 3: Chapter 1 Whole Numbers Subtraction.

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PROBLEM SOLVING ON SUBTRACTION OF WHOLE NUMBERS

Strategy 1: Solving problems using RUCSAC Method

RUCSAC method is a problem-solving process in mathematics. It

contains instructions on how to solve math problems, including one- and
two-step word problems. RUCSAC stands for Read, Understand, Choose,
Solve, Answer and Check.

Video on the use of RUCSAC Method

Using the RUCSAC Method to Solve Word Problems in Maths

Strategy 2: Solving problems using CUBES Method

The CUBES method is a straightforward method that teachers can teach

their learners to provide them step-by-step instructions on how to
analyze and comprehend the questions asked in a problem.

Video on the use of CUBES Method

Solving Subtraction Word Problems Using the CUBES Method - Lesson 1

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Strategy 3: Solving problems using RICE Method

The RICE method is a problem-solving strategy used to help your

child organize his thoughts and work to find an answer to math
problems.

Video on the use of RICE Method

RICE Strategy for Math Word Problems

Strategy 4: Solving problems using QUACK Method

The QUACK Method is a problem-solving strategy used to help your

child organize his thoughts and work to find an answer to math
problems.

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SUGGESTED ASSESSMENT STRATEGIES/LEARNING ASSESSMENT

(What to Do, How to Do It)

Assessment 1: Subtracting Whole Numbers through Paper and pencil

Directions: Solve the equations using both expanded notation and

standard algorithm subtraction.

Equation Expanded Notation Standard Algorithm

1. 735 - 382

Equation Expanded Notation Standard Algorithm

2. 607 - 295

Equation Expanded Notation Standard Algorithm

3. 976 - 475

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Equation Expanded Notation Standard Algorithm

4. 253 - 171

Equation Expanded Notation Standard Algorithm

5. 723 - 589

Equation Expanded Notation Standard Algorithm

6. 587 - 225

Equation Expanded Notation Standard Algorithm

7. 171 - 129

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Assessment 2: Stepping Through Subtraction Word Problems

Directions: Solve the word problems Be sure to show your

work! Class will be divided into four groups to answer the
problems below
Group 1: Use RUCSAC Method
Group 2: Use CUBES Method
Group 3: Use RICE Methodl
Group 4: Use QUACK Method

1. Peter is planning a picnic for the learners in his class. He has 15 cans of
root beer and 12 cans of lemonade. If he needs a total of 32 cans, how many
more cans should he buy?

2. Kent reads for 30 minutes every night. Her new book is 427 pages long.
She has read up to page 361. How many pages does she have left?

3. Ana bought a notebook with 300 pages. She has been writing stories in it
all week. She only has 87 pages left. How many pages has she already
used?

4. Manly earned Php6000 at his summer job. He spent Php 1360.00 on a

new skateboard and Php 250.00 on a new helmet. How much money
does Geo have left?

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5. During the week 986 people visited the museum. On Saturday the
museum had 352 visitors and on Sunday it had 207 visitors. What is
the difference between the number of visitors during the week and
on the weekend?

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OTHER SUGGESTED ACTIVITIES

1. Subtraction Bowling

This subtraction activity for kindergarten is engaging and so much

fun for learners. You can play in whole group or small groups. To play
subtraction bowling, simply set up 10 plastic party cups or toilet paper
tubes in the shape of bowling pins. Stagger them in rows, 4 in the back
row, then 3, 2, and 1 “bowling pin” in the front. Use a small ball to go
bowling.

Learners will take turns rolling the ball to see how many bowling
pins they knock over. Each learner will write the subtraction problem on
whiteboards and read the subtraction sentence aloud. For example, if
one learner knocks down 5 bowling pins, all learners will write 10-5=5.
This activity works great if played in an open area of your classroom or
even in the hallway.

Source: https://www.theprintableprincess.com/7-engaging-subtraction-activities/

2. Subtraction to 10 Boom Cards

This engaging subtraction activity for kindergarten is the perfect

way to incorporate technology into your math lessons. Learners will solve
subtraction problems on 30 digital task cards. Each task card has audio
directions so your learners know exactly what to do to be successful. Use
this as a whole group or small group activity, independent learning
center, or assessment.

Not only will your learners have fun moving the digital bees into
the honey jar to solve the problem and type their answer, but they’ll love
getting instant feedback on their answers. Plus, that means less grading
and no prep for you as the teacher. These subtraction to 10 Boom Cards
are great for active learners, visual learners, and auditory learners.

Source: https://www.theprintableprincess.com/7-engaging-subtraction-activities/

3. Roll and Race

Roll and Race is a kid favorite subtraction activity for kindergarten.

It brings an element of excitement and competition to your subtraction
lessons that is highly motivating for kids. There are 30 no prep games

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included, 10 addition, 10 subtraction, and 10 mixed practice.

Learners will roll a dice and match the number to the column on
their game board. They’ll solve the first available problem, either coloring
in or covering the

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space with a manipulative when they’ve solved it correctly. Learners can play
independently or with a partner to race to see who can fill a column up first.

Source: https://www.theprintableprincess.com/7-engaging-subtraction-activities/

Here are additional list of activities that will promote understanding to

subtraction and will help learners solve routine problems in subtraction.

1. Roll & Subtract

Learners enjoy playing with dice, and they can make any
lesson more fun and engaging. Give each learner one die and one
copy of the Roll & Subtract recording sheet. Learners will roll the
dice to find out which subtraction problems they need to solve. For
example, if they roll a 3, they should answer the first subtraction
problem in column 3 before rolling their die again.
Source: https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-activities-to-teach-subtraction/

2. Roll to Zero
This activity can be played with a partner. They will need a
100 chart, two different colored crayons, and a pair of dice.
Partners will start at 100 on the chart, take turns rolling the dice,
and subtracting their roll from the current number. For example, if
the first roll is a 4, they will subtract 4 from 100 to give them 96.
Each time they subtract, that player will color in the number tile
they ended on, and the next player repeats this process from where
their partner left off until they reach 0. You can even put this
worksheet into a page protector with two different dry erase
markers, and learners can play during centers or as a finisher
activity.
Source: https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-activities-to-teach-subtraction/

3. Roll, Draw, & Subtract

Give each learner a whiteboard, dry erase marker, and 2
dice. They will roll both dice to determine how many circles should
be drawn on the whiteboard. Next, they will roll one die to determine
how many circles should be subtracted from the model. The learner
will then demonstrate removing objects by crossing out the same
number of circles as shown on the die. They will count to find the

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difference and write the answer on the whiteboard. This is a quick,
no-prep activity that can be played as a fast finisher activity.
Source: https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-activities-to-teach-subtraction/

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4. Roll & Subtract (Even or Odd)

This is a quick and easy easy-prep activity. Grab 2 dice and
the recording sheet. They will roll two dice, recording the larger
number first, followed by the smaller number. They will then
subtract the smaller number from the larger number to find the
difference and determine whether the difference is even or odd.
Source: https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-activities-to-teach-subtraction/

5. Roll, Build, & Subtract

Toss out the old math fact worksheets and start to
incorporate manipulatives to get learners excited about learning!
They will need 1 die, 12 individual counting cubes, and a Roll,
Build, & Subtract recording sheet. They will roll the die and build a
tower with the corresponding number of counting cubes. Repeat
this process a second time and place both towers on the recording
sheet with the taller tower in front. Then co12 – What is the
Equation?
Can your learners solve the mystery? For this easy-prep
activity, they will need a pencil, and the What is the Equation
worksheet. The learners are given the difference, but the equation
is missing. They must work hard to come up with the missing
equation that equals the difference. This is a fun and engaging
activity to use for fast finishers as learners can challenge
themselves by thinking of more than one equation.
Source: https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-activities-to-teach-subtraction/

6. Color by Number
This is an easy-prep activity that learners will be excited to
complete independently. All they will need is a Color by Number
subtraction worksheet and a box of crayons. Learners will work to
solve the subtraction problems and write their answers in the space
provided. Then, they will use the key at the bottom of the page to
color the worksheet and reveal the hidden pictures.
Source: https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-activities-to-teach-subtraction/

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7. Subtraction War
Here is a fun way to incorporate playing cards into math
centers. The learners will need a deck of playing cards (no face
cards), a whiteboard,

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and a dry erase marker. Be sure that all face cards have been
removed and the deck split into two even piles. Each learner will
write the number sentence 10 – = on their whiteboard to help
them solve each equation. Next, they will turn over the top card on
their deck, complete their number sentence, and solve for the
difference. The learner with the largest number will collect both
cards, and the person with the most cards at the end wins.unt and
record the number of cubes in each tower and subtract to find the
difference.
Source: https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-activities-to-teach-subtraction/

8. Subtraction True or False?

Do your learners know their stuff? Test their subtraction
skills with this fun and engaging activity. They will need 1 blue
crayon, 1 green crayon, and the Subtraction True or False
worksheet. Learners will use mental math, pictures, or the math
manipulatives of their choice to determine which number sentences
are true and false. They will color the correct number sentences
blue and the false number sentences green. This is the perfect
resource for fast finishers as they can complete the activity
independently.
Source: https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-activities-to-teach-subtraction/

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CRAFTING LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEETS

Proficient Teachers
Instructions: Develop a learning activity sheet incorporating strategies and
activities in solving routine problems involving subtraction without or with addition
of whole numbers including money

Parts of the Activity Sheets

1.Introductory Concept
2. Activities
3. Rubric/Answer Key
4. References

Highly Proficient Teachers

Instructions:
1. Collaborate with proficient teachers in developing activity sheets in
incorporating strategies and activities in solving routine problems involving
subtraction without or with addition of whole numbers including money
2. Evaluate the developed activity sheets to help them to refine these

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PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT PLAN

After exploring this module, you now have a better appreciation of

the indicator. Based on your professional reflection, think of ways on
what you can do to further enhance your knowledge, skills, and attitudes
in this indicator.

Fill In the personal action plan below

RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT ACTION PLAN TIMELINE
STRENGTHS What can you NEEDED
What are the skills NEEDS recommend for
When will What
What are the skills you you assistance/
you are good at? your development
need to improve? implement resources do you
intervention?
your plan? need to
implement
the plan?

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RESOURCE LIBRARY

Department of Education, Bureau of Elementary Education, (2010).

Lesson Guide on Elementary Mathematics Grade 3: Chapter 1 Whole
Numbers Subtraction.

Mr. Wolfe's Classroom, (2022). Solving Subtraction Word Problems

Using the CUBES Method - Lesson 1.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hngInIJVhCE

Partyk, N., (2014). RICE Strategy for Math Word Problems.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9YU3UJcR50

Patten, M., (2021). 15 Easy Prep Activities to Teach Subtraction.

https://educationtothecore.com/2021/10/15-easy-prep-
activities-to-teach- subtraction/

Printable Princess, 7 Engaging Subtraction Activities.

https://www.theprintableprincess.com/7-engaging-subtraction-activities/

Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers, (2017). Learning

Resource Package Module 2

Ramalingam, D., Anderson, P., Duckworth, D., Scoular, C., & Heard, J.
(2020). Creative thinking: Definition and structure. Australian
Council for Educational Research.
https://research.acer.edu.au/ar_misc/43

Robinson, S., & Knight, B. (2019). Handbook of Research on Critical

Thinking and Teacher Education Pedagogy.
https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/higher-order-thinking-skills-
hots/73019

Ryan, E. (2022). What Is Critical Thinking? | Definition & Examples. Scribbr.

Retrieved January 25, 2023
https://www.scribbr.com/working-with-sources/critical-thinking/

Starr, J. 7 Favorite Subtraction with Regrouping Games and Activities.

https://jillianstarrteaching.com/subtraction-with-regrouping/

Strategies for Teaching Subtraction with Regrouping, (2019).

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https://www.kidsacademy.mobi/storytime/teaching-
subtraction-with- regrouping/

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