VENT LOCATION

AND DISTANCE FROM

TRAPS IN
PLUMBING SYSTEM
 This report analyzes the key
components of vent placement and
distance from traps in plumbing
systems, highlighting their
importance in ensuring proper
drainage and preventing sewer gas
intrusion.
 1. Vent Sizing and Installation:
• Vent Sizing
The vent pipe size is directly tied to
the drain pipe size it serves. A
general rule is to use the same size
vent pipe as the drain pipe. For
example, a 2-inch drain pipe requires
a 2-inch vent pipe.
• Vent Placement
The distance between the trap
weir and the vent fitting is
crucial and must adhere to
plumbing code specifications.
This distance varies based on
the trap size and slope.
VENT
• Trap Weir
This is the point where the drain
pipe changes direction, forming a
U-shape. The vent must be
positioned to allow air to enter the
drain pipe, preventing vacuum
formation that could siphon water
out of the trap.
TRAP WEIR
 2. Clean Outs
• Purpose
Clean outs are access points in the
plumbing system that allow for easy
cleaning and maintenance. They are
typically installed in horizontal drain
lines, providing plumbers with access to
remove obstructions.
• Location
Clean outs should be strategically placed at.
Location: Clean outs should be strategically placed at.

• Changes in Direction
Where the drain pipe changes direction, a
clean out helps prevent blockages.
CLEAN OUTS
• Long Horizontal Runs
Clean outs are essential for long runs of
horizontal pipe to facilitate cleaning.
• Before and After Fixtures
Before and after fixtures: Clean outs can be
placed before and after fixtures like toilets
and sinks for easy maintenance access.
 Types:
Clean outs come in various forms:
• Tees
The most common type, with a removable
plug for access to the pipe.
Access fittings: Specialized fittings that allow for

• Cleanout Plugs easier access to the pipe.

Threaded plugs that can be easily removed

for cleaning.
• Access Fittings
Specialized fittings that allow for easier
access to the pipe.
TEES CLEANOUT ACCESS
PLUG FITTINGS
 3. Floor Drains
• Function
Floor drains collect water from floors,
preventing flooding and maintaining a dry
environment.
• Placement
Floor drains are typically installed in
areas prone to water spills or leaks, such
as.
FLOOR DRAINS
• Bathrooms
To drain water from showers, tubs, and
sinks.
• Kitchens
To drain water from spills, sinks, and
dishwashers.
• Basements
To drain water from leaks or seepage.
• Vent Requirements
Floor drains also require venting to
prevent siphoning and ensure proper
Basements: To drain water from leaks or seepage.

drainage. The vent should be sized

appropriately for the drain pipe and
placed according to code requirements.
 Conclusion
Proper vent placement and distance from traps
are crucial for a functional and safe plumbing
system. Understanding the principles behind
vent design and the importance of clean outs
Basements: To drain water from leaks or seepage.

ensures efficient drainage and prevents sewer gas

from entering living spaces. By adhering to
plumbing codes and best practices, homeowners
and builders can create a reliable and hygienic
plumbing system that meets the needs of modern
living.
Thank
You!
CONSTRUCTION
OF
SEPTIC TANKS
 SEPTIC TANK
THE SEPTIC TANK IS THE
WATERTIGHT
COMPARTMENT WHERE
THE WASTE OF THE
HOUSEHOLD GOES. IT IS
USUALLY CONSTRUCTED
OUT OF CONCRETE.
INLET/OUTLET PIPES
Wastewater from your home enters
the septic tank through the inlet
pipe. After the solids settle out,
effluent leaves the septic tank
through the outlet pipe and flows to
the drain field. The outlet pipe
should be approximately 3 inches
below the inlet pipe
DISTRIBUTING BOX
is a container that receives the
septic tank effluent and re-
distributes it into the network of
attached drain fields and pipes. To
put it simply, its job is to evenly
distribute the wastewater into the
leach field.
 PURIFYING FIELD
The septic drain field is where the final
purification of wastewater takes place.
As the effluent seeps through the
perforated pipes and into the soil,
bacteria and other microorganisms
break down harmful contaminants,
making sure the water entering our
groundwater is clean and safe.
There are many designs
of septic tanks, and one
is shown in fig. 465.
YOU WILL NOTE IN THE TANK THAT THERE IS A BAFFLE 12"
BELOW THE INLET PIPE AND A PARTITION 12" LOWER THAN
THE BAFFLE. THE PARTITION MAY BE CONTINUOUS. THE
BAFFLE PREVENTS THE INCOMING WASTE FROM
DISTURBING THE FERMENTATION CHAMBER. THE
PARTITION PREVENTS UNFERMENTED SOLIDS FROM GOING
INTO THE OUTLET. THE LIQUID PASSES AT THE BOTTOM
AND IN THE FULL PARTITION A PIPE BEND IS PROVIDED FOR
THE LIQUID TO GO TO THE OTHER COMPARTMENT.
 The end of the pipe at the partition
should be below the level of the
water so that no solid particles will
go to the next chamber. The same is
true of the outlet tube. The outlet
should be 2" or more below the inlet.
 THE MINIMUM CAPACITY
OF THE TANK SHOULD BE
500 GALLONS FOR ONE
CHAMBER AND 750
GALLONS FOR TWO
CHAMBERS. ALLOWANCE
IS MADE FOR ADDITIONAL
PEO- PLE IN THE HOUSE.
The size of the tank for a given number
of persons in a family can be computed
at 50 gallons or 10 to 13 cubic feet per
person. But remember that to work
properly, a septic tank should not be
less than three ft. wide, six ft. long, and
five ft. deep.
The discharge from the tank is
not so thoroughly purified that
it has to be distributed to a
drain field. A distribution box,
fig. 431, 24x18x36 inches, is
placed at the outlet of the tank
where the pipes branch out
into two different areas of the
drain field.
A valve may be placed to cover one set
of pipes so that the discharge is
directed to separate areas at a time.
When area an is saturated, the pipe
going into that area is closed and the
discharge is directed to the other area.
SEPTIC TANKS SHOULD NOT
BE PLACED NEARER THAN 50
FEET FROM ANY SOURCE OF
WATER.
MATERIALS IN
THE
CONSTRUCTION
OF SEPTIC
TANKS
CONCRETE (CEMENT, SAND, AND
GRAVEL)

CONCRETE IS A MIXTURE OF CEMENT, SAND,

GRAVEL, AND WATER, FORMING A STRONG AND
DURABLE MATERIAL. IT’S WIDELY USED IN SEPTIC
TANKS FOR ITS ABILITY TO RESIST WATER AND
WITHSTAND LOADS. THE CONCRETE IS CAST INTO
THE DESIRED SHAPE, FORMING THE TANK’S BASE,
WALLS, AND LID, ENSURING IT IS IMPERMEABLE AND
LONG-LASTING.
REINFORCEMENTS (STEEL BARS OR REBARS)

STEEL REINFORCEMENT BARS (REBAR) ARE PLACED WITHIN

THE CONCRETE TO ENHANCE ITS TENSILE STRENGTH. THEY
PREVENT CRACKING AND STRUCTURAL FAILURE DUE TO THE
WEIGHT OF THE SOIL OR PRESSURE FROM THE WASTE INSIDE
THE TANK. THIS REINFORCEMENT ENSURES THAT THE SEPTIC
TANK CAN HANDLE HEAVY LOADS AND RESIST EXTERNAL
FORCES OVER TIME.
WIRES (BINDING WIRE)

BINDING WIRE IS USED TO TIE STEEL

REINFORCEMENT BARS (REBAR) TOGETHER. IT
ENSURES THAT THE REBAR REMAINS SECURELY IN
PLACE DURING THE CONCRETE POURING PROCESS.
THE WIRES HOLD THE STRUCTURE INTACT,
PREVENTING SHIFTING OR MISALIGNMENT, WHICH
COULD WEAKEN THE TANK'S OVERALL STRENGTH.
CHB (CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS) AND FORMS
CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS (CHB) ARE USED IN SOME SEPTIC
TANK DESIGNS FOR BUILDING WALLS. THE BLOCKS ARE LAID
IN PLACE AND THEN FILLED WITH CONCRETE TO ADD
STRENGTH.

FORMS, MADE OF WOOD OR METAL, SHAPE THE POURED

CONCRETE, KEEPING IT IN PLACE UNTIL IT HARDENS AND
BECOMES SELF-SUPPORTING.
PLUMBING (PIPES, JOINTS, FITTINGS)

PLUMBING MATERIALS, SUCH AS PIPES AND FITTINGS,

CONNECT THE HOUSE’S WASTEWATER SYSTEM TO THE
SEPTIC TANK. THESE COMPONENTS ENSURE THE
EFFICIENT FLOW OF WASTE INTO THE TANK AND THE
PROPER EXIT OF TREATED WASTEWATER. PROPER
PLUMBING IS CRUCIAL TO PREVENT BLOCKAGES AND
ENSURE THE TANK FUNCTIONS AS INTENDED.
PANKYUUU!!!
GROUP 3