__________

MINISTRY OF HEALTH COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT GENDER ELDERS AND CHILDREN

TANGANYIKA MEDICAL TRAINING BOARD
TABORA INSTITUE
BASIC TECHNICIAN CERTIFICATE IN CLINICAL MEDICINE
(NTA LEVEL 4)
END OF SEMISTER I EXAMINATION
MODULE CODE: CMT 04102
MODULE NAME: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
MARCH 2016

TIME: 2: 00 HOURS DATE……………………….

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Read all instructions carefully.
2. Write your examination number on each page of the answer sheet you use.
3. Attempt all questions.
4. Cellular phones are NOT allowed in the examination room.
5. Each essay question to be answered on not more than 3 hand written papers.
6. This paper consists of five (5) sections.
7. The table below is for OFFICIAL USE ONLY

SECTION TYPE OF QUESTIONS MARKS ALLOCATION SCORED MARKS

A MULTIPLE CHOICE 10
B MULTIPLE TRUE/FALSE 10
C MATCHING 10
D SHORT ANSWER 40
E GUIDED ESSAY 30
TOTAL 100

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Page 1

SECTION I: MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (10 Marks)

 Answer all questions

 Circle the most correct response

1. Basing on gross appearance the bone tissue is classified as;

a. Long bones, compact bone and short bones
b. Long bones, short bones and flat bones
c. Compact bones, short bones and spongy bones
d. Long bones, short bones and spongy bones
e. Bone marrow bones, compact bones and flat bones

2. The most extracellular electrolytes is;

a. Calcium
b. Potassium
c. Magnesium
d. Fluorine
e. Zinc

3. Anatomy is;

a. Examination of the structural features of cells using a microscopy.

b. The study of tissues, which are cells and the material surrounding them.
c. The science of the chemical, physical and biochemical functions of humans in good health, their
organs and the cells of which they are composed.
d. It is a study of structure of the body and physical relationship involved in between body system.
e. The study of cellular and body structures functions

4. Formed elements of blood are;

a. Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets.

b. Plasma, erythrocytes and platelets.
c. Erythrocytes and platelets only.
d. Plasma, leucocytes and platelets.
e. Electrolytes, Platelets and erythrocytes

5. The structures found in the superior mediastinum;

a. Trachea, esophagus, and thymus.

b. Left and right lungs, esophagus, and trachea
c. Right lung, thoracic duct, vagus nerve and phrenic nerve
d. Manubrium, heart, esophagus and trachea
e. Thymus, right lung, kidneys and spleen

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Page 2

 6. Glycolysis takes place in
a. The cytoplasm of a cell
b. The nucleus of a cell
c. The plasma membrane
d. The mitochondria
e. The golgi apparatus

7. The principal organ in the digestive system is the;

a) Ureter
b) Urinary bladder
c) intestines
d) Urethra
e) None of above

8. The process by which your body converts what you eat and drink into energy is known as
a) Metabolic pathway
b) Catabolism
c) Anabolism
d) Metabolism
e) Glycogenolysis

9. The following are three major parts of the colon EXCEPT

a) Ascending colon
b) Descending colon
c) Transverse colon
d) Renal cortex
e) None of above

10. The following is association with low incidence of heart disease;

a) Very low density lipoprotein
b) Low density lipoprotein
c) High density lipoprotein
d) Mild density lipoprotein
e) Very high density lipoprotein

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Page 3

SECTION II: TRUE/FALSE SESSION (10 MARKS)

Answer all questions

Write the word TRUE for true statement and FALSE for false statement

1/2 a mark will be awarded for the correct answer

1. Concerning the structures of the heart

a)........................ it is divided into five chambers
b)........................ An average size is approximately 11cm by 7cm by 3cm
c)........................ it is located into the right side of the thoracic cavity
d)........................ the heart has six chambers
e)....................... The heart is covered by a thin connective tissue membrane called CAPSULE

2. Specialized connective tissue consists of ;

a) _________adipose tissue.
b) _________blood tissue and lymphatic tissue
c) _________cartilage and bone tissue
d) _________loose connective tissue.
e) _________nervous tissue and squamous tissue

3. The accessory organs of the respiratory system includes the following

a)........................ The mouth
b)........................ The ureters
c)........................ Urinary bladder
d)........................ intestines
e)........................ The prostate
4. About major body fluid compartments;

a) __________Extracellular compartment is the largest one

b) __________Intracellular compartment is the largest one
c) __________Extracellular fluid is about 40% of the body weight.
d) __________Intracellular fluid is about 20% of the body weight.
e) __________Interstitial fluid is large compared to intracellular fluid

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Page 4

 SECTION B
I. MULTIPLE TRUE AND FALSE QUESTIONS (10 MARKS)
II. WRITE THE WORD TRUE FOR THE TRUE STATEMENT AND THE WORD FALSE FOR
THE FALSE STATEMENT ON THE SPACE PROVIDED

PART I

A. BLOOD CELLS B. FUNCTIONS

1 Thrombocytes ………. A CD4+ T cells coordinate the immune response and CD8+
are cytotoxic virus and tumor cells
2 Neutrophils …………. B Transport O2 and Co2 to and from the body tissues
3 Eosinophil……………. C Control bleeding by forming a plug
4 Monocytes…………… D Phagocytosis of bacteria or fungal infections
5 Macrophages………… E Deals with parasitic infections
F Vacuum leaner
G Engulfing food particles

II. Match the items in column A against the items in column B

Column A Column B

1. Submandibular lymph A. glycerol

nodes…………...
2. Circulusarteriosus……… B. Mandibular area
3. Inguinal lymph nodes C. Inguinal area
4. Cervical lymhph nodes…… D. Pulse rate
5. Radial pulse……….. E. Circle of willis
6. Renal artery…….. F. Renal blood supply
7. Pedisdorsailis pulse………. G. Dorsal part of foot
8. Protein……….. H. Pepsin
9. Fat………………… I. Aminol acid and grycerol
10. Carbohydrates……………….
J. Physical barrier between lumen and
epithelium
K. Inhibit gastric acid secretion
L. Complexes with vitamin B12 to permit
absorption
F Digest protein
G. Digest fats

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Page 5

SECTION D: SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (40 MARKS)
 Answer all questions
 Write your responses in the space provided
 Use readable handwriting

1. Mention two types of cells which form the alveolar wall and their functions
i. ………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………
Mention three vessel which forms the circle of willis
i. ………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ………………………………………………………………………………………

2. Mention five functions of the stomach;

i. ………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ………………………………………………………………………………………
v. ………………………………………………………………………………………

3. List five(5) organs found in the mediasternum

i. ………………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ………………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ………………………………………………………………………………………
v. ………………………………………………………………………………………

4. Mention five functions of the pharynx

i. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………………..
v. ……………………………………………………………………………………..

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Page 6

 5. Concerning functions of the blood circulation. Briefly explain the following;
i. systole
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………..
ii. Diastole
………………………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
iii. Pulse
…………………………………………………………………………………………………….
iv.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………
Peristalsis
v. ………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………..

6. Outline any five (5) of the main functions of the liver

i. …………………………………………………………………………………
ii. …………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ………………………………………………………………………………….
iv. ………………………………………………………………………………….
v. ………………………………………………………………………………….

7. Mention the organs of breathing

i. ………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ……………………………………………………………………………….
iv. ……………………………………………………………………………….
v. ………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Outline five (5) endocrine glands that are involved in control of glucose metabolism
i. ………………………………………………………………………………
ii. ………………………………………………………………………………
iii. ………………………………………………………………………………
iv. ………………………………………………………………………………
v. ………………………………………………………………………………

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Page 7

SECTION E: GUIDED ESSAY QUESTIONS (30 MARKS)

 Answer all questions

 Each question carries 15 marks

1. Briefly describe the portai circulation

2. Describe the mechanism of breathing

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY Page 8