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    Csp r19 Gaps

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    Csp r19 Gaps

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    Gaps with in the Syllabus

    Course Name: Communication standards and protocols Course Code:C404


    Year - Sem: IV B.Tech –I Sem Regulation: R19
    Academic Year: 2022-2023
    Mapping
    S.No Gap Description Proposed Actions
    CO PO PSO
    Theoretical vs.
    Practical Knowledge
    Gap
    a)Limited Practical
    Exposure A one day Workshop on
    b)Protocol Analysis: CO1, PO1, PSO1,
    1 “Introduction to IOT and Its
    Lack of hands-on CO2,CO3 PO5,PO6,PO7 PSO2
    experience in analyzing Applications.
    and debugging
    Hack Boats , Resource Person:
    communication
    protocols using tools Mr.MahanCEO,HackBoats
    like Wireshark or tcp
    Dates: 25-07-2022
    dump
    Industry Relevance Mr. G. Sai Rajesh
    Gap
    Emerging Protocols The effect of AI & ML in wireless
    Lack of coverage of
    newer protocols and communication
    standards, such as:
    QUIC Protocol: Assistant Consultant (5G & 6G)
    Optimized for HTTP/3.
    Cellular BS antenna, RF FEs,
    TLS 1.3: For secure
    communication.
    SD-WAN Protocols: SATCOM Senior Researcher),
    For dynamic routing and CO1,CO2, PSO1,
    2 PO5,PO12
    optimized WAN usage. TCS CO3 PSO2
    No focus on
    interoperability
    challenges in
    heterogeneous
    environments. Standards
    Development
    Limited understanding
    of how standards are
    developed, updated, and
    governed by bodies like
    IEEE, IETF, ITU, or
    3GPP.
    Introduction to Communication standards and protocols

    All information and communications technology relies on standardised communications protocols to


    operate effectively. A communications protocol is a set of formal rules describing how to transmit or exchange
    data, especially across a network. A standardised communications protocol is one that has been codified as a
    standard. Examples of these include WiFi, the Internet Protocol, and the Hypertext Transfer Protocol
    (HTTP).The FAIR data principles state that data and metadata should be made accessible with standardised
    communications protocols on the internet and in applications.

    Main analog components used in communication standards and protocols:

    Major components of a computer network are:


    1. Message Format

     Syntax: Defines the structure and arrangement of the data (e.g., headers, footers, payloads).
     Encoding: Specifies how data is represented (e.g., binary, ASCII, JSON, XML).

    2. Data Transmission

     Medium Access Control (MAC): Determines how devices access and share the communication
    medium (e.g., Ethernet, Wi-Fi).
     Physical Layer: Specifies the hardware and physical means of data transfer (e.g., cables, radio
    frequencies, signal modulation).

    3. Addressing and Identification

     Addressing Mechanisms: Ensure that data reaches the correct destination (e.g., IP addresses, MAC
    addresses, port numbers).
     Device Identification: Allows devices to identify themselves uniquely in a network (e.g., hostname,
    UUID).

    4. Error Detection and Correction

     Checksum or CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check): Ensures data integrity by detecting errors during
    transmission.
     Retransmission Mechanisms: Protocols like TCP resend lost or corrupted packets.

    5. Flow Control

     Manages the rate of data transmission between sender and receiver to prevent congestion (e.g., sliding
    window protocol in TCP).

    6. Session Management

     Establishes, manages, and terminates connections between devices (e.g., handshake processes in TCP,
    session tokens).

    7. Security Mechanisms

     Encryption: Ensures data confidentiality (e.g., TLS, SSL).


     Authentication: Verifies the identity of communicating parties (e.g., passwords, certificates).
     Integrity: Guarantees data hasn’t been tampered with during transmission (e.g., hash functions,
    HMAC).

    8. Protocol Control Information

     Headers and Metadata: Contain control information such as source/destination addresses, sequence
    numbers, and flags (e.g., HTTP headers, TCP/IP headers).

    9. Routing and Switching

     Determines the path data packets take to reach their destination (e.g., IP routing, MPLS).

    10. QoS (Quality of Service)

     Mechanisms to prioritize certain types of traffic to ensure performance (e.g., for video streaming, VoIP).

    11. Interoperability Standards

     Rules that ensure compatibility between different systems and vendors (e.g., IEEE standards, RFCs).
    Examples of Communication Protocols

     Application Layer Protocols: HTTP, FTP, SMTP, SNMP


     Transport Layer Protocols: TCP, UDP
     Network Layer Protocols: IP (IPv4, IPv6)
     Data Link Layer Protocols: Ethernet, PPP
     Physical Layer Standards: RS-232, 802.11 (Wi-Fi)

    General Terms

    1. Protocol: Rules and conventions for communication between network devices.


    2. Standard: A specification set by organizations like IEEE, ISO, or ITU to ensure compatibility.
    3. Interoperability: The ability of different systems to work together.
    4. Bandwidth: The capacity of a communication channel to transmit data.
    5. Latency: The delay in data transmission from source to destination.
    6. Throughput: The actual amount of data transferred over a channel in a given time.

    Layer-Specific Terms
    Physical Layer

     Bit Rate: The number of bits transmitted per second.


     Signal Encoding: The method of representing data as signals (e.g., NRZ, Manchester).
     Modulation: The process of varying a signal to carry information (e.g., AM, FM, QAM).

    Data Link Layer

     Frame: A packet of data at the data link layer.


     MAC Address: A unique hardware identifier for network devices.
     Error Detection/Correction: Techniques like CRC to ensure data integrity.

    Network Layer

     IP Address: A logical address identifying devices on a network.


     Routing: The process of finding a path for data packets across networks.
     Subnet Mask: Defines network and host portions of an IP address.

    Transport Layer

     Port: A logical endpoint for network communication (e.g., port 80 for HTTP).
     Socket: A combination of an IP address and a port number.
     Flow Control: Mechanisms like sliding window to manage data flow between sender and receiver.

    Application Layer

     Handshake: An initial negotiation process to establish communication.


     Payload: The actual data being transmitted within a packet.
     HTTP/HTTPS: Protocols for web data transfer.

    Security-Related Terms

     Encryption: Securing data by converting it into an unreadable format.


     TLS/SSL: Protocols for secure communication.
     Authentication: Verifying the identity of a user or device.

    Wireless and Network Terms

     Frequency Band: The range of frequencies used for wireless communication (e.g., 2.4 GHz, 5 GHz).
     Channel: A specific frequency range used within a band.
     QoS (Quality of Service): Mechanisms to prioritize certain types of network traffic.
    Gaps beyond the Syllabus

    Course Name: Communication standards and protocols Course Code:C404


    Year - Sem: IV B.Tech –I Sem Regulation: R19
    Academic Year: 2022-2023

    Mapping
    S.No Gap Description Proposed Actions
    CO PO PSO
    Emerging Standards --- Engage in hands-on projects, workshops,
    and Technologies or industry-specific certification programs
    like CCNA or AWS that highlight modern
     Gap: Syllabi standards
    often focus on --- Mr. G. Sai Rajesh
    established The effect of AI & ML in wireless
    standards, Communication
    leaving out Assistant Consultant (5G & 6G
    1 Cellular BS antenna, RF FEs, CO1, CO2, PSO1,
    newer protocols PO5,PO12
    SATCOM Senior Researcher), CO3 PSO2
    like HTTP/3,
    5G TCS
    communication
    protocols, or
    advanced IOT
    protocols (e.g.,
    MQTT, COAP)

    Practical --- Use simulation tools (like Cisco Packet


    Implementation Tracer or GNS3) or set up small-scale lab
    environments to implement these protocols
     Gap: Theoretical
    understanding
    often PO1,
    overshadows CO1,CO2, PO2, PSO1,
    2
    practical CO3, PO5, PSO2
    exposure to PO12
    protocols like
    TCP/IP, SIP, or
    SNMP.

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