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Complex Analysis Assignment 3

The document explains the addition, multiplication, and division of complex numbers, defining a complex number as a + ib where a and b are real numbers. It provides examples for addition and multiplication, as well as detailed steps for dividing complex numbers, including the use of conjugates. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of additive and multiplicative inverses in the context of complex numbers.

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monatiliya0
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18 views

Complex Analysis Assignment 3

The document explains the addition, multiplication, and division of complex numbers, defining a complex number as a + ib where a and b are real numbers. It provides examples for addition and multiplication, as well as detailed steps for dividing complex numbers, including the use of conjugates. Additionally, it discusses the concepts of additive and multiplicative inverses in the context of complex numbers.

Uploaded by

monatiliya0
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ASSIGNMENT 3

SUBMITTED TO
Mam Bisma
Kazmi
SUBMITTED BY
Minahil Umar
70169532
DEPARTMENT
Bs MATHEMATICS
SEMESTER 5TH
SUBJECT
COMPLEX
ANALYSIS
Explain addition,
multiplication and division of
complex numbers with
suitable examples.

A complex number is any number


of the forma ib where a and b are
real numbers and i is the imaginary
unit.
The notations a + ib and a + bi are
used interchangeably.
The real number a in za+ib is
called the real part of z; the real
number b is called the imaginary
part of z. The real and imaginary
parts of a complex number are
abbreviated Re(z) and Im(),
respectively. For example, if 4-91,
then Re(z) = 4 and Im(z) = - 9 A
real constant multiple of the
imaginary unit is called a pure
imaginary number. For example, z
= 6i is a pure imaginary number.
Addition, Subtraction, and
Multiplication
(i) To add (subtract) two complex
numbers, simply add (subtract) the
corresponding real and imaginary
parts.
(ii) To multiply two complex
numbers, use the distributive law
and the fact that i ^ 2 = - 1
Examples:
If z_{1} = 2 + 4i and z_{2} = - 3 +
8i find (a) z_{1} + z_{2} and (b)
z_{1}*z_{2}
Solution :
a) z_{1} + z_{2} = (2 + 4i) + (-
3 + 8i)
= (2 – 3) + (4 + 8) * i
= - 1 + 12i

(b) z_{1}*z_{2} = (2 + 4i)(- 3 + 8i)


= (2 + 4i)(- 3) + (2 + 4i) 81)
= - 6 – 12i + 16i + 32i ^ 2
= (- 6 – 32) + (16 – 12) * i
= - 38 + 4i .
Division
Dividing complex numbers is
mathematically similar to the division of
two real numbers.
If z1=x1+iy1 and z2=x2+iy2 are the
two complex numbers, then dividing
complex numbers z1/z1 and z2/z2 is
mathematically written as:
z1/z2=x1+iy1/x2+iy2
Dividing Complex Numbers:
Dividing complex numbers is a little
more complicated than addition,
subtraction, and multiplication of
complex numbers because it is difficult
to divide a number by an imaginary
number. For dividing complex
numbers, we need to find a term by
which we can multiply the numerator
and the denominator that will eliminate
the imaginary part of the denominator so
that we end up with a real number in the
denominator.
In this article, we will learn about the
division of complex numbers, dividing
complex numbers in polar form, the
division of imaginary numbers, and
dividing complex fractions.
What is Dividing Complex
Numbers?
Dividing complex numbers is
mathematically similar to the division of
two real numbers.
If z1=x1+iy1 and z2=x2+iy2 are the
two complex numbers, then dividing
complex numbers z1z1 and z2z2 is
mathematically written as:
z1/z2=x1+iy1/x2+iy2
Dividing Complex Numbers Formula
The division of two complex
numbers z1=a+ib and z2=c+id is
given by the quotient a+ib/c+id. This is
calculated by using the division of
complex numbers formula:
z1/z2=[ac+bd]/[c^2+d^2]
+i(bc−ad]/[c^2+d^2]

Steps for Dividing Complex


Numbers
Now, we know what dividing complex
numbers is, let us discuss the steps for
dividing complex numbers. To divide the
two complex numbers, follow the given
steps:
 First, calculate the conjugate of the
complex number that is at the
denominator of the fraction.
 Multiply the conjugate with the
numerator and the denominator of
the complex fraction.
 Apply the algebraic identity (a+b)(a-
b)=a2 - b2 in the denominator and
substitute i2 = -1.
Apply the distributive property in
the numerator and simplify.
Separate the real part and
the imaginary part of the resultant
complex number.
z1/z2=a+ib/c+id
=[a+ib/c+di] ×[c−id/c−id]
=(a+ib)(c−id)/[c^2−(id)^2 ]
=[ac−iad+ibc−i^2bd]/[c^2−
(−1)d^2]
=[ac–iad+ibc+bd]/[c^2+d^2]
=[(ac+bd)+(bc–ad)i]/[c^2+d^2]
=[(ac+bd)/(c^2+d^2)] + [(bc–
ad)/(c^2+d^2)i]

Example of Division

If z_{1} = 2 - 3i and z_{2} = 4 + 6i


find z_{1} / z_{2}
Solution ,multiply and divided by
z_{2}*= 4 - 6i and the
denominator of z_{2}= 4 + 6i
z_{1}/z_{2} = (2 - 3i)/(4 + 6i)
= (2 - 3i)/(4 + 6i) * (4 - 6i)/(4 - 6i)
= (8 - 12i - 12i + 18i ^ 2)/(4 ^ 2 +
6 ^ 2)
= (- 10 - 24i)/52
z_{1}/z_{2} = - 10/52 - 24/52 * i
= - 5/26 - 6/13 * i
Inverses
In the complex number system,
every number z has a unique
additive inverse. As in the real
number system, the additive
inverse c z = a + ib is its negative,
z, where – z = - a – ib. For any
complex number z, we have z + (-
z) = 0. Similarly, every nonzero
complex number z has
multiplicative inverse. In symbols,
for z ne0 there exists one and only
on nonzero complex number z ^ - 1
such that z•z^-1 = 1 . The
multiplicative invers z ^ - 1 the
same as the reciprocal ½.

EXAMPLE: Reciprocal

Find the reciprocal of z = 2 – 3i

Solution:
1/z = 1/(2 – 3i) = 1/(2 – 3i) * (2 +
3i)/(2 + 3i)
= (2 + 3i)/(4 + 9)
= (2 + 3i)/13
1/z = z ^ - 1 = 2/13 + 3/13 * i
Z•z ^ - 1 = (2 – 3i)(2/13 + 3/13 * i)
z•z^-1= (2–3i)•(2+3i)/13
= (4+9)/13
= 13/13= 1

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