HANDOUTS IN MAPEH

SECOND QUARTER
Subject Teacher: Ms. Kris Tel D. Paras
Music
MUSIC OF CHINA
Chinese music is considered one of the oldest music in the world. It dates back to about 3000
BC, and evidence from documents and artifacts shows a well-developed musical culture with an
extensive collection of musical instruments. The discovery of the Chinese tonal system added to the
level of musicality of the Chinese. This allowed them to create unique musical compositions. Chinese
music is divided into two. Instrument and Vocal music.
YUEQIN – a moon-shaped lute with shorter neck and four strings, played with spectrum, used for
accompanying local operas.
PIPA – a four stringed lute with 30 frets and a pear-shaped body. This instrument has an extremely
wide dynamic range and remarkable expressive power.
ERHU – a two-stringed fiddle and one of the most popular Chinese instruments. It is used as a solo
instrument as well as in small ensembles or large orchestra, and by various ethnic groups.
YOUNLUO – literally “cloud of gongs” or cloud of gongs”, the younluo is a set of ten small tuned gongs
mounted in a wooden frame. The yunluo’s gongs are generally of equal diameter but different
thickness. The thicker gongs produce a higher pitch.
SHENG – also called Chinese mouth organ and looks like a set of panpipes with 12 – 36 bamboo pipes.
Sheng is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
DIZI – is the traditional Chinese flute. It can have a membrane over an extra hole to give the
characteristic rattle effect.
ZHENG – an ancient Chinese instrument that has an arched surface and an elongated-trapezoid with
13 to 21 strings stretched over individual bridges. Its playing range spans three to four octaves.
PENGLING – these are two small bells or bottomless gourd-like in shape.
ELEMENTS OF CHINESE MUSIC
Chinese music is based on the ancient Chinese pentatonic, five-tone musical system. The five tones
are classified as: Kung, Shang, Chiao, Chih and Yue, or in Western music it is known as the pentatonic
scale or 5 tone scale.
VOCAL MUSIC
Chinese vocal music has traditionally been sung, in a thin non-resonant voice or in falsetto.
Chinese vocal music is usually solo rather than choral. All traditional music is melodic meaning
monophonic (1 tune) rather than harmonic.
The song “Mo Li Hua” is about a jasmine flower. In Chinese opera, the performers use formal
hand gestures to enhance their performance. Qian Yi drew on this tradition to create gestures for “Mo
Li Hua” that allude to a jasmine flower opening and closing.
MUSIC OF KOREA
Korea's folk music tradition, with its generous use of bright rhythms and melodies, offers a more
energetic and capricious contrast to the nation's collection of classical music works. Folk music
represents the soul and sound of traditional Korean villages with an eclectic array of music forms
including numerous folk songs, various forms of instrumental pieces, pansori, and shaman ritual music.
Pansori - The term Pansori is derived from the Korean words pan, meaning “a place where many
people gather”, and sori meaning “song”. Pansori originated in south-west Korea in the seventeenth
century, probably as a new expression of the narrative songs of shamans.
Shamanic music is ritualistic music used in religious and spiritual ceremonies associated with the
practice of shamanism. Shamanic music makes use of various means of producing music, with an
emphasis on voice and rhythm.
Chong-ak means literally "right (or correct) music", and its tradition includes both instrumental
and vocal music, which were cultivated mainly by the upper-class literati of the Joseon society. Chong-
ak also refers to ensemble music for men of high social status outside of the court. In this category,
three important terms are a-ak, tang-ak, and hyang-ak.
 Sog-ak or minsogak is a category of Korean music traditionally associated with the lower
classes or for the public and are vibrant and energetic. It includes genres such as pansori and minyo.
Pansori is a kind of music presented to audiences by skilled vocal singers and drummers. But even the
unskilled could sing these songs. They sang when they worked in the rice paddy or fields, sang when
they went off their lover and sang when their life was troubled and weighing them down.
INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC OF KOREA
Korean music especially in South Korea has a rich vocal tradition, and diverse instruments and
music forms. Folk songs, religious works, court music, and shaman rituals all express the soul of a
nation whose history is filled with colorful and fascinating tales. Traditional Korean music represents a
world of captivating rhythms and melodies whose sounds draw listeners in like a breath. Koreans sang
songs when they could not hold their sadness in.
KOREAN MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
STRING INSTRUMENT
 Kayagum (Gayageum) - is a traditional Korean zither-like string instrument, with 12 strings,
although more recently variants have been constructed with 21 or more number of strings.
 Geomungo - is a six-string plucked zither is a traditional Korean stringed musical instrument of
the zither family of instruments with both bridges and frets.
 Haegum - has a rod-like neck, a hollow wooden soundbox, two silk strings, and is held vertically
on the knee of the performer and played with bow.
WIND INSTRUMENT
 Piri - used in both the folk and classical (court) music of Korea. It is made of bamboo. Its large
reed and cylindrical bore gives it sound mellower than of many other types of oboe.
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENT
 Changgo - it is the most widely used drum in the traditional music of Korea. It is available in
most kinds, and consists of an hourglass-shaped body with two heads made from animal skin.
It is believed to represent the harmony of man and woman when played together.
VOCAL MUSIC OF KOREA
Korean music has a slow tempo, giving it a very peaceful and pensive character. Arirang is a
Korean folk song. It is sometimes used as a symbol of Korea and Korean culture. Arirang is in essence
a song of farewell. The word 'Arirang' means „the hill‟. It pertains to the foothills of Korea where most
Koreans had partings on. An emotion of deep regret is imbued in the rhythm of Arirang. The song
evokes the feeling of the tears shed by Koreans and the remembrance of their sad stories.
MUSIC OF CHINA
Chinese music is considered one of the oldest music in the world. It dates back to about 3000
BC, and evidence from documents and artifacts shows a well-developed musical culture with an
extensive collection of musical instruments. The discovery of the Chinese tonal system added to the
level of musicality of the Chinese. This allowed them to create unique musical compositions. Chinese
music is divided into two, Instrument and Vocal music.
CHINESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
YUEQIN – a moon-shaped lute with shorter neck and four strings, played with spectrum, used for
accompanying local operas.
PIPA – a four-stringed lute with 30 frets and a pear-shaped body. This instrument has an extremely
wide dynamic range and remarkable expressive power.
ERHU – a two-stringed fiddle and one of the most popular Chinese instruments. It is used as a solo
instrument as well as in small ensembles or large orchestra, and by various ethnic groups.
YOUNLUO – literally “cloud of gongs” or cloud of gongs”, the younluo is a set of ten small tuned gongs
mounted in a wooden frame. The yunluo’s gongs are generally of equal diameter but different
thickness. The thicker gongs produce a higher pitch.
SHENG – also called Chinese mouth organ and looks like a set of panpipes with 12 – 36 bamboo pipes.
Sheng is one of the oldest Chinese musical instruments.
DIZI – is the traditional Chinese flute. It can have a membrane over an extra hole to give the
characteristic rattle effect.
ZHENG – an ancient Chinese instrument that has an arched surface and an elongated-trapezoid with
13 to 21 strings stretched over individual bridges. Its playing range spans three to four octaves.
PENGLING – these are two small bells or bottomless gourd-like in shape.
ELEMENTS OF CHINESE MUSIC
Chinese music is based on the ancient Chinese pentatonic, five-tone musical system. The five
tones are classified as: Kung, Shang, Chiao, Chih and Yue, or in Western music it is known as the
pentatonic scale or 5 tone scale.
CHINESE VOCAL MUSIC
The song “Mo Li Hua” is about a jasmine flower. In Chinese opera, the performers use formal
hand gestures to enhance their performance. Qian Yi drew on this tradition to create gestures for “Mo
Li Hua” that allude to a jasmine flower opening and closing.
MUSIC OF JAPAN
Through this lesson, you will discover the traditional music of Japan through their vocal (folk
songs) and instrumental music. Japanese vocal music is quite different from Western vocal music, and
is based on the intervals of human breathing rather than mathematical timing, and how Japanese
musicians show their spiritual self-mastery in mastering his or her instrument more than simply
perfecting a technique of some sort and how they give value to their performance and composure.
JAPANESE MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS
PERCUSSION INSTRUMENTS (MEMBRANOPHONE)
ODAIKO (big drum) – The physical energy and sheer excitement of an odaiko performance is an
integral part of many Japanese matsuri festivals.
TSUZUMI – there are two varieties the smaller kotsuzumi and the larger otsuzumi.
TSURIDAIKO – a large hanging barrel drum.
TAIKO – is a Japanese drum that comes in various sizes and is used to play a variety of musical
genres.
STRING INSTRUMENTS (CHORDOPHONE)
KOTO – is a 13- string zither, about two meters long and made of Paulawnia wood. Koto is used in an
ensemble in gagaku or as solo instrument.
SHAMISEN – is a plucked stringed instrument. It is construction follows a model similar to that of a
guitar or a banjo.
BIWA – it is a short-necked fretted lute, often used in narrative story telling.
WIND INSTRUMENTS (AEROPHONE)
SHAKUHACHI – the most famous flute made from bamboo. It has four or five finger holes on the
front face and a thumbhole on the rear face.
NOKAN – a parallel, bamboo flute. It is the only melodic instrument used in noh.
HICHIRIKI – is double reed Japanese flute. It is used as one of two main melodic instruments in
gagaku music.
SHO – is a Japanese free reed musical instrument that was introduced from China during the Nara
period.
SHINOBUE – also called as takebue. It is transverse flute that has a high pitched sound.
RYUTEKI – literally dragon flute” is a Japanese transverse flute made of bamboo.
ELEMENTS OF JAPAN MUSIC
The main tone of Japanese music has 2 modes: The Yo-sen and the In-sen. Both consist of
five primary tones based on a scale with seven tones.
JAPANESE VOCAL MUSIC
Compared to our music Japanese music is very simple, they sing melodies in unison and they
never repeat same melody in a song. Sakura is a traditional Japanese folk song depicting the coming
of spring. Sakura literally translates to “cherry blossom.” These beautiful flowers are celebrated
throughout Japan. This song is said to be written sometime between 1600-1800 and is often played
on a Japanese instrument, the koto.
Art
Painting - The art that is considered as one of the oldest and most highly refined among the arts of
Japan.
Landscape Painting - It is regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting.
Calligraphy - The art of beautiful handwriting.
Chosun Period - Arts and crafts flourished during this period in Korean history.
Woodblock Printing - A technique for printing text, images or patterns used widely throughout East
Asia and originating in China in antiquity as a method of printing on textiles and paper.
Koryun Period - The era in Korean paintings that offers the richest variety and are the styles most
imitated today.
Origami - The art of paper folding in JapanHeaven, Earth, Mankind - The three concepts of art
reflected mostly in the artworks and crafts in China, Japan and Korea.
PAINTING SUBJECTS/ THEMES
CHINA
1. Flowers and birds
2. Landscapes
3. Palaces and temples
4. Human figures
5. Animals
6. Bamboos and stones
SOUTH KOREA
1. Landscape
2. Minhwa (Traditional Folk Painting)
3. Four gracious plants (plum blossoms and orchids
4. Bamboo
5. Portraits
JAPAN
1. Scenes from everyday life.
2. Narrative scenes crowded with figures and details
IMPORTANT ASPECTS IN EAST ASIAN PAINTING
LANDSCAPE PAINTING was regarded as the highest form of Chinese painting. They also consider
the three concepts of their arts: Heaven, Earth, and Humankind (Yin-Yang). Chinese society, basically
agricultural, has always laid great stress on understanding the pattern of nature and living in
accordance with it. Oriental artists often created landscapes rather than paintings with the human
figure as subjects.
SIX PRINCIPLES OF CHINESE PAINTING
By: Xie He
1. Observe rhythm and movements.
2. Leave spaces for the eyes.
3. Use brush in Calligraphy.
4. Use colors correctly.
5. Live up to tradition by copying the master’s artwork.
6. Copy the correct proportion of objects and nature.
CHINESE ARTS expresses the human understanding of the relationship between nature and
humans. This is evident in the form of paintings of landscapes, bamboo, birds, and flowers. This might
be called the metaphysical, Daoist aspect of Chinese painting.
To the Chinese, CALLIGRAPHY is the art of beautiful handwriting. Traditional painting involves
essentially the same techniques as calligraphy and is done with a brush dipped in black or colored ink;
oils are not used. In calligraphy, the popular materials which paintings are made of paper and silk.
Poets write calligraphy on their paintings.
East Asian temples and houses have sweeping roofs because they believe that they will protect
them from the elements of water, wind, and fire. Buddhists believed that it would help ward off evil
spirits which were deemed to be straight lines. The figures at the tips are called roof guards.
1. Straight inclined – these are common for common Chinese architecture.
2. Multi-inclined – roofs with two or more sections inclined. These roofs are used for residences of
wealthy Chinese.
3. Sweeping – have curves that rise at the corners of roofs. These are usually reserved for temples
and palaces although these may also be found in the homes of the wealthy Chinese. Originally, the
ridges of the roofs are usually highly decorated with ceramic figurines.
 JAPANESE UKIYO-E
The best-known and most popular style of Japanese art is ukiyo-e, which is Japanese for
“pictures of the floating world” and it is related to the style of woodblock printmaking that shows scenes
of harmony and carefree everyday living.
East Asian countries have theatrical forms like the Peking opera of China and kabuki of Japan.
The performers from China and Japan usually paint faces depending on the character of the
personification they are portraying.
Peking opera face painting or jingju lianpu is done with different colors in accordance with the
performing characters’ personality and historical assessment. The hero-type characters are normally
painted in relatively simple colors, whereas enemies, bandits, rebels, and others have more complicated
designs on their faces.
COLORS IN FACE PAINTING
GUAN JU – red indicates devotion, courage, bravery, uprightness, and loyalty.
HUANG PANG – yellow signifies fierceness, ambition, and cool-headedness.
ZHU WEN – a green face tells the audience that the character is not only impulsive and violent but
also lacks self-restraint.
ZHANG FEI – black symbolizes and fierceness. The black face indicates either a rough and bold
character or an impartial and selfless personality.
LIAN PO –purple stands for uprightness and cool-headedness while a reddish-purple face indicates a
just and noble character.
CAO CAO – white suggest treachery, suspiciousness, and craftiness. It is common to see the white
face of the powerful villain on stage.
JIANG GAN – the clown of chou in Chinese opera has special makeup patterns called xiaohualian.
Sometimes a small patch of chalk is painted around the nose to show a mean and secretive character.
Kabuki make up or kesho is already in itself an interpretation of actor’s role through the
medium of the facial features.
Kabuki make up is also another way of face painting which has two types:
1. Standard makeup – applied most actors.
2. Kumadori makeup – applied to villains and heroes.
It is composed of very dramatic lines and shapes using colors that represent certain qualities.
 Dark red – passion or anger
 Dark blue – depression
 Pink – Youth
 Light green – calm
 Black – fear
 Purple - nobility
KOREAN MASK
Mask were also used for shamanistic rites and were kept within temples where they were
honored with offerings. By the 12th century, the mask became part of elaborate dances and drama.
THE ROLES OF COLORS IN KOREAN MASK
1. Black, red, and white mask – bright and vibrant colors that help establish the age and race of the
figure.
2. Half red and half white mask – symbolize the idea that the wearer has two fathers, Mr. Red and Mr.
White.
3. Dark-faced mask – indicates that the character was born of and adulterous mother.
PAPER ARTS & KNOT TYING
Paper was first invented by Cai Lun of the Eastern Han Dynasty in China. It is indeed one of the
greatest contributions of ancient China in the development of arts.
Chinese folk art is created with materials that are naturally found within the locality. The earliest
document showing paper folding is a picture of a small paper boat in an edition of Tractatus de Sphaera
Mundi from 1490 by Johannes de Sacrobosco.
In China, traditional funerals include burning yuanbao which is a folded paper that looks like
gold or ingots called sycee. This also used for other ceremonial practices. This kind of burning is
commonly done at their ancestors’ graves during the Ghost festival.
 Today, imitation gold sycees are used as a symbol of prosperity by Chinese and are frequently
displayed during the Chinese New Year.
ORIGAMI
The term origami came from “ori” meaning “folding” and “kami” meaning paper. The goal of
this art is to transform a flat sheet of paper into a finished sculpture through folding and sculpting
techniques without cutting as much as possible.
KITE MAKING
A kite is an assembled or joined aircraft that was traditionally made of silk or paper with a
bowline and resilient bamboo.
Chinese kites originated in Wei Fang, Sandong. China was the capital city of kites during the
Song Dynasty and Ming Dynasty.
Chinese kites may be differentiated into four main categories:
1. Centipede
2. Hard-winged kites
3. Soft-winged kites
4. Flat kites
KNOT TYING
In Korea, decorative knot work is known as maedeup or called dorae or double connection knot
work or Korean knots.
Zhongguo is the Chinese decorative handicraft art that began as a form of Chinese folk art in the
Tang and Song Dynasty in China.
In Japan, knot tying is called hanamusubi. It emphazises on braids and focuses on individual knots.
Physical Education
SKILL RELATED FITNESS
Speed - is the ability to perform movement in a short period of time.
Test: 40-Meter Sprint -measures running speed.
Agility-is the ability to move in different directions quickly using a combination of balance,
coordination, speed, strength and endurance.
Test: Hexagon Agility -measures the ability of the body to move in different directions
Balance- is the maintenance of equilibrium while in stationary or while moving.
Test: Stork Balance Stand -Asses one’s ability to maintain an
Equilibrium.
Coordination-is the ability to use the senses with the body parts to perform motor task smoothly and
accurately.
Test: Juggling-Measures the coordination of the eye and hand.
Power-is the ability to transfer energy and release energy and maximum force at fast rate.
Test: Standing long jump - measures the explosive strength and power of the leg muscles.
Reaction time -refers to the ability to react and make decisions quickly.
Test: Stick drop test - To measure the time to respond to a stimulus.
BASIC SKILLS IN BASKETBALL
SHOOTING - The 1st basic skill to be learned is shooting. Every basketball player loves to shoot the
ball! The most practiced skill in the game is shooting. Players spend a good deal of their practice time
on shooting drills to improve their skill level.
DRIBBLING - It allows you to move around the court while you’re in possession of the ball. It is a
legal method that allows you to advance with the ball and make a score as opposed to that of passing
it to a teammate to shoot it for the basket. This move involves bouncing the ball off the floor with your
hands as you cover the floor.
PASSING - It is a skill that maximizes the involvement of all player in setting up a play to earn
successful shots and earn points for the whole team.
REBOUNDING - Rebounding is one of the major aspects of the game. It is your ability to jump with
power to gain possession of the ball as it bounces to the rim after a failed shot before it touches the
floor.
RUNNING - Running is one of the basic skills that a basketball player should possess. Because in this
sport, speed defines the best. Whether you’re on the offensive or defensive side of the game, passing,
receiving, shooting or rebounding
a ball, you always have to run in any way possible.
Health
COURTSHIP AND DATING
Courtship is the period in a couple’s relationship which precedes their engagement and
marriage or it is an establishment of an agreed relationship of a more enduring kind.
During courtship, a couple gets to know each other and decides if there will be an engagement
or such agreement. A courtship may be an informal and private matter between two people of the
opposite sex or may be a public affair or a formal arrangement with family approval.
Courtship is a stage of not simply knowing the person, but also a test of compatibility between
the two persons. It is also an opportunity to know the background of each other including the family
where one belongs.
Importance of Courtship:
1. Gives a person time to know better the character and background of someone
being considered as one’s future lifetime partner.
2. Gives time to understand one another and determine if you can get along with
minimal conflicts.
3. It reveals one’s interests, likes and dislikes, limitations and aspirations in life.
4. It allows couples to decide whether they are ready to be committed.
5. It allows couples to determine and focus on what to expect in marriage.
6. It develops security and establishes respect for each other.
7. It develops understanding and acceptance.
Some Facts About Dating
It is a form of courtship consisting of social activities done by two people as partners in an
intimate relationship or as a spouse. It is an act of meeting and engaging in some mutually agreed
upon social activity, together as a couple.
Importance of Dating:
Dating provides the partners with opportunities to:
1. Strengthen the relationship;
2. Spend quality time with each other;
3. Observe the other person’s character;
4. Know one another better;
5. Know ones’ strengths and weaknesses;
6. Reveal any potential problems that the partners may have; and
7. Develop affection and respect for each other.
Types of Dating:
1. Standard date – involves two people
2. Double date – two couples go on a date at the same time and place
3. Group date – where any number of couples can enjoy a date.
DIFFERENT COURTSHIP PRACTICES IN THE PHILIPPINES:
1. Ilocos and Tagalog Regions - In Ilocos, serenading is known as tapat, “to be in front of the
woman’s house” likely the same as harana and also the balagtasan of the Tagalogs. The suitor begins
singing a romantic song, and then the courted lady responds by singing too. Rooster courtship is a
form of courting from Luzon. The rooster is assigned to be the negotiator who is left at the house of
the courted lady to crow every morning for the admired lady’s family.
2. Bulacan -The Bulaqueños have a kind of courtship known as the “naninilong”, which means
“serenading from under the house”. At midnight, the suitor goes beneath the nipa hut, a house that is
elevated by bamboo poles, and then pricks the admired woman by using a pointed object to catch the
attention of the sleeping lady, after which they converse in whispers.
3. Batangas - In Batangas, the women are serenaded with Tagalog love songs which are accompanied
by guitar. The men would also do household chores, chop woods and fetch water, etc to win the favor
of the parents. Through these various services, a man’s determination and trustworthiness are tested.
4. Pangasinan-In Pangasinan, folks make use of the taga-amo, which means “tamer”,a form of love
potion or charm which can be rubbed on the skin of the admired.
It can also be in the form of drinkable potion. The suitor may also resort to the use of palabas, meaning
“show or drama”, wherein the woman succumbs to revealing her love to her suitor, who on the other
hand pretends to commit suicide if the lady does not confess her true feelings.
5. Kalinga - The Ifugaos practice a courtship called ca-i-sing or began to Kalingas and pangis to
Tigguians, where a man and a woman are separated into “houses”. The house of the males is called
ato, while the house for females is known as the olog or agamang. The man visits the woman’s house
to sing romantic songs and the woman replies to these songs also through singing.
6. Palawan - In Palawan, people perform courtship through the use of love riddles or pasaguli. The
purpose of the love riddles is to assess the sentiments of the
parents of both suitor and the woman. After this, the pabalik is done to settle the price in a form of
dowry that will be received by the woman from the courting
man.
. Visayas - When courting, Cebuanos also resort to serenading, called balak. The also write love letters
that are sent through a trusted friend or relative of the woman. Presents are not only given to the
woman, but also to her relatives. They also use love potions to win the affection of the woman. Men
from Leyte perform the pangagad or paninilbihan instead of paying a form of dowry during courtship.
The suitor accomplishes household and farm chores for the family of the woman. The service normally
lasts for approximately a year before the man and woman can get married. It is also referred to as
subok – a trial or test period for the serving suitor.
8. Mindanao - Palabas, sarakahan tupul, or magpasumbahi is practiced by the Tausugs of Mindanao.
A suitor would threaten to stab his heart while in front of the courted woman’s father. If the father of
the woman refuses to give her daughter’s hand, the suitor is stricken by a knife. The Bagobos, on the
other hand, send a knife or a spear as a gift to the home of the courted woman for inspection. Accepting
the weapon is equivalent to accepting the man’s romantic intention and advances.
9. Courtship practices at the age of technology
a. Social media like facebook, twitter, Instagram, etc.
b. Phone calls and messages using the cellphones.
Marriage is a lifelong partnership of a man and a woman. The partners are two unique individuals
who understand, respect, care and love each other. It is a bond between two people who continue to
grow and develop their best qualities as human beings.
Factors to Consider in Choosing a Lifetime Partner
Good character
a. God-fearing
b. Responsible and honest
c. Hardworking and industrious
d. Respectful and compassionate
Maturity
a. Handles relationship responsibly
b. Makes wise and well thought out decisions
Fidelity
a. Makes the relationship lasting
b. Considers the relationship sacred
c. Sincere and true to promises made to one’s partner
Commitment
a. Makes peaceful and lasting relationship
b. Dedicated in fulfilling responsibilities
Love
a. Strengthens the relationship with the partner
b. Understands one’s partner
 c. Endures till death
Economic readiness
a. Aims for a better future of the family
b. Able to provide for the needs of the family
c. Maintains stable job or business that can support a family
Physical maturity
a. Has a healthy body
b. Accepts and is proud of partner’s physical feature
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