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Generator

The document outlines the syllabus for a course on Wind Energy Technology, covering topics such as wind resource estimation, types of wind turbines, and the fundamentals of wind turbine design and operation. It also provides an overview of electrical generators, including their working principles, construction, and differences between AC and DC generators. Key concepts include Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction and the advantages of AC generators over DC generators.

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KAZI SIAMUL ISLAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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3 views

Generator

The document outlines the syllabus for a course on Wind Energy Technology, covering topics such as wind resource estimation, types of wind turbines, and the fundamentals of wind turbine design and operation. It also provides an overview of electrical generators, including their working principles, construction, and differences between AC and DC generators. Key concepts include Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction and the advantages of AC generators over DC generators.

Uploaded by

KAZI SIAMUL ISLAM
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Course Title: Wind Energy Technology

Course No: ESE 6109


Course teacher : Nibir Mondol
Assistant Professor
Department of ESE , KUET.
Syllabus of This Course:

Introduction to wind energy;


Wind resource estimation: Methodologies for resource
assessment and sources of uncertainty;

Different types of wind turbine: Darrious, horizontal and vertical


axis wind turbine;

Effect of different angles on moments of wind turbine;

fundamental of wind turbine design and operation;


Generation of power: mechanism for integrating wind
energy developments for electricity generation and
distribution;

Efficiency and performance of wind turbine. Tower,


alignment of turbine shaft. Recent development of wind
turbine;

Hybrid systems: solar and wind turbine.


Generator
An electrical generator is a machine which converts mechanical energy (or power)
into electrical energy ( or power). It works on the principle of Faraday’s Law of
Electromagnetic Induction.

The faradays law states that whenever a conductor is placed in a varying magnetic
field, EMF is induced and this induced EMF is equal to the rate of change of flux
linkages. This EMF can be generated when there is either relative space or relative
time variation between the conductor and the magnetic field. So the important
elements of a generator are:

❑ Magnetic field
❑ The motion of the conductor in a magnetic field
What is Electric Generator

A generator is an electrical machine that transforms mechanical energy


provided by the prime mover into electrical energy. The prime mover can be
steam, water, gas turbine, wind turbine, etc.
A first electrical generator was invented by Faraday in 1831, who was a
scientist of the United Kingdom. Faraday’s generator name was Faraday Disk.
This generator was to deliver power to the grid station.
With the invention of generator faraday also gave its operating principle in
1831 its rule is also known as Faraday’s law.
Faraday’s law states that if some conductive material is placed in a magnetic
field then emf will be induced in that conductive material.
Emf=dø/dt
Working Principle of Generator
❑The operation of an electrical generator depends on the faraday law of
electromagnetic induction.
❑That says if conductor is put into the field then the voltage induces in that
conductor. In the case of the generator, the conductor is rotor of a generator and
the field is provided by the stator of generator.
❑We can use Fleming rule to find the direction of the voltage induced that
conductor. That explains that if we arrange our right-hand first finger, second
finger, and thumb in a such a way that these are at 90 degree to each other, and
we suppose that motion of conductor is along the thumb, first finger is in the
direction of field then the second finger will show the direction of voltage
induces in the conductor.
The working principle both ac and dc generators is similar but the difference is that
at in dc generator commutators are used to provides a dc output.
Construction of Generator
There are numerous parts of the generator are used in construction of a generator but the most
important parts are rotor and stator. Let’s discuss all these parts with the detailed.
Yoke
The outer structure of a generator is known as a yoke, it provides safety to the generator from the
external environment. It is constructed with steel or cast iron.
With providing strength to internal structure it also holds the stator windings that provide flux to a
machine.
Windings
There are two types of main windings are used in any generator either dc or ac first one is armature
winding that is wound on the rotor of the motor and the second one is stator winding that wound on
the stator of the generator.
Rotor
The rotor is of a generator that is rotating part over which armature windings are wound. In some dc
generator instead of windings on rotor permanent magnet rotor is used.
In ac machines there are two main types of the rotor is used first one is the wound rotor and the
second one is squirrel rotor.
AC Generator
Ac generator is a type of electric machine that transforms mechanical energy into ac electric
energy. Nowadays mostly ac generator is used in our commercial and industrial applications.

When the armature rotates between the poles of the magnet upon an axis perpendicular to the
magnetic field, the flux linkage of the armature changes continuously. Due to this, an emf is
induced in the armature. This produces an electric current that flows through the galvanometer and
the slip rings and brushes. The galvanometer swings between positive and negative values. This
indicates that there is an alternating current flowing through the galvanometer. The direction of the
induced current can be identified using Fleming’s Right Hand Rule.

There are 2 main types of ac generator first one is a synchronous generator and the second one is
an induction generator that is also known asynchronous generator.
In local and some commercial uses induction generator is used while in a generation and in a wind
turbine synchronous generator is used.
With the type of rotor design, the ac generator is further divided into types first one is the wound
rotor and the second one is the squirrel rotor generator.
In a generator and a motor, a rotor rotates and the stationary part of the motor is
known as a stator. Similarly an armature carries current while field windings
produce the magnetic field needed to excite the generator and the motor.

In most generators, the field magnet is rotating, and is a part of the rotor, while the
armature is stationary, and is a part of the stator. Both motors and generators can be
built in either combination with a rotating field and a stationary armature or a
stationary field and a rotating armature.
Induction Generator
An induction generator is a type of ac generator it also known as an
asynchronous generator. It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction.
Its construction is similar to the induction motor so induction motor can also be
used as an induction generator with some modifications.
Synchronous Generator
The synchronous generator is a type of ac generator that operates on the
synchronous speed. Synchronous speed is the rotation speed of the field at the
stator provided by the input supply.
It also called alternator and used to transform mechanical energy into
electricity.
In our generation stations mostly synchronous generator is used.
They are available in ratings of fifteen hundred megawatts.
Difference between AC and DC Generator
Advantages of AC Generators
Following are a few advantages of AC generators over DC generators:

❑ AC generators can be easily stepped up and stepped down through transformers.


❑ Transmission link size might be thinner because of the step-up feature
❑ Losses are relatively lesser than DC machine
❑ Size of the AC generators are relatively smaller than DC generators

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