Fleming Left and Right

ElecticalQuestion 1: What is Electrical machine?
Electrical machine is an electro mechanical device which converts input motive power ( prime mover like turbine in
case of generator or electrical supply in case of dc motor) to output motive power (Electrical power in case of the
generator or mechanical output in case of motor). This uses the principle of electro magentic induction principle.
Electrical Question 2: What is the advantage of DC motors over AC motors?
Answer:
With the advert of the ac power generation and transmission over long distances with less losses using electrical
transformers, dc machines were out ruled by the ac machines in industrial and home applications. However dc
motors still exist in the industries because of some special properties of the dc machines where ac drives have failed
to attain.
DC motors have some special properties such as:

1. High Starting Torque
2. Excellent speed control capability
For traction applications in electrical trains and cranes motor drives require to have high starting torque. DC series
motor has very good starting torque capabilities compared to induction motors and synchronous motors. So still in
present traction applications DC series motors are used
In some applications such as paper mills and roll mills speed control of the motor drive should be accurate else the
process will be failure. In such applications of finer speed control DC shunt machines are widely used.
Electrical Question 3: What is the use of Commutator in DC machine?
Answer:
Commutator is the part in DC machine that makes the difference from the ac machine. In DC machine the current
flow in the armature is ac. This current is made uni directional with the help of commutator.
In ac machines slip rings are used to collect the armature current from the armature and supply to the load. In DC
machines this slip rings are replaced by the split rings. Split rings consists of 2 conductor materials separated by
insulating material.
In first half cycle the induced current will be taken by the split rings or commutator which is in one position.During the
other half cycle when the induced current in the armature changes the split rings position also changes results in the
delivering the unidirectional current to the external load.
Electrical Question 4: Explain essential parts of DC machine?
Essential parts of the dc machine are:
1. Field System
2. Armature
3. Commutator
4. Brushes
5. Brearings and Shaft
Electrical Question 5: Why field poles are laminated in DC machine ?

Field poles of a dc machine is laminated in order to reduce the eddy currents. Eddy currents are the circulating
currents that are induced in the iron by the alternating magnetic field. These eddy currents produced will create a flux
which opposes the main flux. So this eddy current production is considered as loss in the dc machine.Hence in order
to reduce this eddy current losses thin laminations are considered and insulating coating is provided in between the
laminations.
Electrical Questions 6: Do commutator convert ac to dc or dc to ac ?
Commutator in a dc machine converts both ac to dc current and dc to ac current. Consider the dc generator the
current produced in the armature due to the electro magnetic induction is ac. However commutator converts the bi
directional current to uni directional current and supplies the current the external load circuit.
In DC motor the voltage we apply at the terminals is dc. This dc current is converted to ac and supply to the armature
circuit so as to produce the rotational torque.
Hence Commutator converts both ac to dc variables and dc to ac variables.
Electrical Question 7: Why armature teeth of DC machine is skewed ?

The air gap length changes between the slot and teeth of the armature when the armature is rotating under constant
magnetic field. This results in the production of small variation in the torque hence this results can be observed as
small vibrations in the frame of the machine. So in order to avoid this vibration effect armature teetths are skewed.
Electrical Interview Questions: Electrical Machines (Set 2)

1.Electrical Question: Explain the principle of operation of Electrical Generator?
Answer: When a moving conductor either cut across the lines of stationary magnetic field or
when the moving or dynamic magnetic field cuts the stationary conductor then an emf is
induced in the conductors. In the first case where the moving conductor cuts the stationary
magnetic field, DC Generator works on this principle. In the second case where magnetic field
is dynamic and the conductors are stationary, magnetic field cuts the stationary conductors still
emf is induced in this process, large Synchronous Generators and Alternators works on this
principle. This emf is induced in both cases by Faraday Electro Magnetic Induction principle.
2.Electrical Question: Explain the Principle of Operation of Electric Motor?
Answer: When a current carrying conductor is placed in a magnetic field in such a way that a
component of length of the conductor is perpendicular to the magnetic field, a mechanical force
is experienced between the conductors and the magnetic field.
3.Electrical Question: Explain Fleming's Left Hand Rule?
Answer: Fleming's Left hand rule explains the direction in which torque acts on the current
carrying conductor in the presence of magnetic field for Electrical Motor.
 ForeFinger of the left hand represents the direction of themagnetic field applied.
 Middle Finger represents the current direction in a conductor
 Thumb of the left hand represents the resultant direction in whichtorque or motion of
force is produce to rotate the motor
4.Electrical Question: Explain Fleming's Right Hand Rule?
Answer: Fleming's
Right hand rule explains the direction in which induced current is produced for
a moving conductor in the presence of a magnetic field.
 Thumb of the right hand represents the direction of motion of the conductor
 ForeFinger represents the direction of the magnetic field applied
 Middle finger represents the direction in which induced current is produced.
Tip: Thus Fleming's Left hand rule is used to explain the direction of torque or motion produced
for Motor. Fleming's Right hand rule is used to explain the direction in which induced current is
produced for Generator.
For Remembering this, just remember Fleming's RiGht rule for Generator. Observe the G in
right hand and starting letter of G in generator. So simply remember the G for Right and
Generator. No confusion...!
Why Generation Voltage in Power Plant is Low (11kV to 33kV) ?

Answer:
In Electrical Generation plants, the generation voltage will be in the range between 11kV and
33kV. Generator designers wishes to generate the electricity at high voltages as possible to limit
the stator current required to achieve the desired output. But certain technical and economical
problems will arise which results in designing the generator for particular voltage and current
ratings.
 Low voltage generation for particular power level (say 500MW) requires large size of the
stator conductors as huge currents flow through the stator because of low voltage. ( Any current
carrying conductor size is decided by the amount of current flowing through the conductors).
Thereby increase in the cost and size of the machine takes place.
 On the other hand, increase of the machine voltage significantly beyond the minimum
necessary value results in more insulation required on the generator stator windings, thus
increasing its size and cost.
Therefore an optimum value of Voltage and Current values are attained for designing the
generator considering the cost and size factors of the generator.
Example:
660 MW generation plant usually operate at 23.5 kV with line currents of about 19 000 A at 0.85
power factor.

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ElecticalQuestion 1: What is Electrical machine?

DC motors have some special properties such as:

Electrical Question 5: Why field poles are laminated in DC machine ?

Hence Commutator converts both ac to dc variables and dc to ac variables.

Electrical Question 7: Why armature teeth of DC machine is skewed ?

Electrical Interview Questions: Electrical Machines (Set 2)

2.Electrical Question: Explain the Principle of Operation of Electric Motor?

4.Electrical Question: Explain Fleming's Right Hand Rule?

Why Generation Voltage in Power Plant is Low (11kV to 33kV) ?

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