Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    Chap 24

    Uploaded by

    irtizaali063
    The document discusses electric potential, including the relationship between electric potential energy and charge movement, as well as the mathematical formulations for calculating electric potential from point charges and dipoles. It highlights key concepts such as the nature of electric potential as a scalar quantity, the behavior of charges in electric fields, and the concept of equipotential lines. Additionally, it covers the units of potential and the conversion between different energy units related to electric charges.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Chap 24

    Uploaded by

    irtizaali063
    3 views33 pages
    The document discusses electric potential, including the relationship between electric potential energy and charge movement, as well as the mathematical formulations for calculating electric potential from point charges and dipoles. It highlights key concepts such as the nature of electric potential as a scalar quantity, the behavior of charges in electric fields, and the concept of equipotential lines. Additionally, it covers the units of potential and the conversion between different energy units related to electric charges.

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    The document discusses electric potential, including the relationship between electric potential energy and charge movement, as well as the mathematical formulations for calculating electric potential from point charges and dipoles. It highlights key concepts such as the nature of electric potential as a scalar quantity, the behavior of charges in electric fields, and the concept of equipotential lines. Additionally, it covers the units of potential and the conversion between different energy units related to electric charges.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views33 pages

    Chap 24

    Uploaded by

    irtizaali063
    The document discusses electric potential, including the relationship between electric potential energy and charge movement, as well as the mathematical formulations for calculating electric potential from point charges and dipoles. It highlights key concepts such as the nature of electric potential as a scalar quantity, the behavior of charges in electric fields, and the concept of equipotential lines. Additionally, it covers the units of potential and the conversion between different energy units related to electric charges.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 33

    Physics

    Electric Potential
    ANIMATION
    + q1 + q2

    If we move q2 towards q1, potential energy


    will increase
    Work done in bringing unit
    charge from infinity to R is,
    R
    =  Edr

    R
    1 dr
    = q 2
    4 0  r
    q 1
    =
    4 0 R
    If the potential of two charges separated
    by an infinite distance is defined to be 0
    then the stored potential energy is:
    1 q1q2
    U (r ) =
    4 0 r
    Joule
    Units of potential: 1 = 1 Volt
    Coulomb

    One electron-volt = energy gained by moving one


    electron charge through one Volt
    ( )
    = 1.6  10−19 C  1V = 1.6 10−19 J
    1 Kev = 103eV
    1 Mev = 106 eV
    1 Gev = 109 eV
    1 Tev = 1012 eV
    Positive charges accelerate toward
    regions of lower potential.

    Negative charges accelerate toward


    regions of higher potential.
    Potentials are more positive in regions
    which have more positive charge.
    8J
    V = − = −4V
    2C
    • The electric potential exists only because
    the electrostatic force is conservative.

    • The electric potential is similar but differs


    from the gravitational potential in one way.

    • The electric potential determines the


    electric field and vice versa.

    • The electric potential is a scalar quantity.


    V = V1 + V2 + VN
    N
    V = Vi
    i =1
    N
    1 qi
    = 
    4 0 i =1 ri
    q1

    r12
    q2
    r13

    r23
    q3
    1 q1q2 1 q1q3 1 q2 q3
    U (r ) = + +
    4 0 r12 4 0 r13 4 0 r23
    +q

    Dipole Moment
    d
    p=charge x distance
    =q d
    −q
    +q r1
     P
    d r

    r2
    −q
    r2 − r1 = d cos 
    VP = V1 + V2
    1  q −q 
    =  + 
    4 0  r1 r2 
    q r2 − r1
    =
    4 0 r1r2
    For r  d
    r2 − r1  d cos 
    r1r2  r 2

    q d cos  1 p cos 
    V =
    4 0 r 2
    4 0 r 2


    Note that V = 0 at  =
    2
    P
    ring of charge
    z
    r
    y
    R
    dq
    x
    1dq
    dV =
    4 0 r 2

    1 dq
    V =  dV = 
    4 0 r 2

    1 q
    V=
    4 0 R +z
    2 2
    Charged Disk

    z
    r

     y
    d R
    x
    dq =  ( 2 )( d )
    1 dq 1  2 d
    dV = =
    4 0 r 4 0  2 + z 2
     R

    (  + z )  d
    −1/ 2
    V =  dV = 
    2 2

    2 0 0

    V=

    2 0
    ( R +z −z
    2 2
    )
    charge in a uniform electric field

    b
    Wab = q0 EL
    Vb − Va = EL
    + E

    a
    Equipotential Lines: Constant Field
    Equipotential Lines: point charge
    Equipotential Lines: dipole
    Heart Equipotential Surfaces
    zinc

    acid

    copper

    chemical energy electrical energy


    Electric Current
    zinc

    acid

    copper
    Symbols

    + −
    OR

    + −
    ANIMATION
    + +
    +
    + High voltage
    terminal +
    + Ion source + Beam

    + + +
    + Van de Graaff
    + accelerator
    +
    Q: Find the ratio of charges on the two
    spheres. Are the electric fields on
    the two surfaces equal ?

    q2
    q1 Wire

    1 R1 R2
    2
    q1
    1 1 q2
    V= =
    4 0 R1 4 0 R2
    q1 R1
    =
    q2 R2
     1 R2
    = (recall that q=4 R  )
    2

     2 R1
    Esmall sphere  Elarge sphere

    You might also like