Location via proxy:   [ UP ]  
[Report a bug]   [Manage cookies]                
Scribd
Upload
3 views

Comparison

The document outlines the rules for comparing adjectives, adverbs, and nouns, detailing the structures for comparative and superlative forms. It explains how to form comparisons using short and long adjectives/adverbs, including exceptions for irregular forms. Additionally, it covers the comparison of nouns based on countability, providing examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

thnie.na2305
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views

Comparison

The document outlines the rules for comparing adjectives, adverbs, and nouns, detailing the structures for comparative and superlative forms. It explains how to form comparisons using short and long adjectives/adverbs, including exceptions for irregular forms. Additionally, it covers the comparison of nouns based on countability, providing examples for clarity.

Uploaded by

thnie.na2305
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

COMPARISON (1)

1.COMPARING ADJECTIVE

A.COMPARATIVE: The comparative sentence is used to compare one


person (or object) with another person (or object).

* Short adjective:

 We use -er for short words (one syllable)

tall → taller large → larger


small → smaller old → older

 If an adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the


consonant:
hot → hotter
big → bigger

 We also use -er for two syllable words that end in -y (-y → -ier )

lucky → luckier pretty → pretier


happy → happier easy → easier

Structure: S + V + adj + er + than + N/pronoun

Ex:

 She is happier than her friends.


 Today is colder than yesterday.
 The elephant is bigger than the lion.

* Longer adjective

 We use more for longer words ( two syllables or more )

handsome → more handsome nervous → more nervous


expensive → more expensive serious → more serious
Structure: S + V + more/less + adj + than + N/pronoun
Ex:
 She is more talented than her classmates.
 My car is less reliable than his.

B. SUPERLATIVE: This comparison structure is used to compare three


or more objects/events to identify the most outstanding subject.

* Short adjective

 We use -est for short words (one syllable)

old → oldest nice → nicest


long → longest large → largest

 If an adjective ends in a vowel and a consonant, we double the


consonant:
hot → hottest
big → biggest

 We also use -est for two syllable words that end in -y (-y → -iest )

happy → happiest busy → busiest


silly → silliest lucky → luckiest

Structure: S + V + the + adj + est + N/pronoun

Ex:
 She is the smartest student in the class.
 John is the busiest person in the office.
 Today is the hottest day of the year.

* Longer adjective

 We use the most for longer words ( two syllables or more )


careful → the most careful nervous → the most nervous
interesting → the most interesting serious → the most serious

Structure: S + V + the most + adj + N/pronoun.


Ex:
 He is the most gallant boy in class.
 It was the most difficult decision I’ve ever made.

C. Present perfect + superlative:


The present perfect + ever is often used with superlatives:

Ex:

 She’s the cutest girl I’ve ever seen.


 It’s the most difficult exam I’ve ever done.

The meaning is positive. Do not use never in this case


D. Ranking

The superlative can be used with second, third, etc. to rank items

Ex:

 Tokyo is the most populous city in the world. Delhi is the second
most populous city, followed by Shanghai, which is the third
most populous city.

E. As...as, etc
- The comparative form is used to compare two people, two things, two
actions, or two groups with similar characteristics.
- The structure of a comparative sentence is formed by adding "as" before
and after the adjective.

Structure: S + to be/ V + as + adj+ as + (S + tobe/ V) + O

S + to be/ V + not + as + adj + as + (S + tobe/ V) + O

Ex:

 He is as tall as his brother.


 The new project does not seem as complex as the previous one.

COMPARISON (2)
2.COMPARING ADVERBS AND NOUNS

A. COMPARATIVE
* Short adverbs:

Similarly with the comparative of short adjectives.

early → earlier fit → fitter


fast → faster slow → slower

Structure: S + V + adv + er + than + N/pronoun

Ex:
 They laugh louder than we do.
 She arrives earlier than I do.
 He is fitter than she is

* Longer adverbs

We use more for longer words ( two syllables or more )

carefully → more carefully fluently → less fluently


beautifully → more beautifully frequently → less frequently

Structure: S + V + more/less + adv + than + N/pronoun.

Ex:

 My house is less spacious than yours.


 This book is more interesting than the one I read last week.

B. SUPERLATIVE

* Short adverb:

Similarly with the superlative of short adjectives.

old → oldest happy → happiest


hot → hottest large → largest
Structure: S + V + the + adv + est + N/pronoun

Ex:
 She is the smartest student in the class.
 John is the busiest person in the office.
 Today is the hottest day of the year.

* Longer adverb:

We use the most for longer words ( two syllables or more )

quickly → the most quickly clearly → the least clearly


kindly → the most kindly efficiently → the least efficiently

Structure: S + V + the most/least + adv + N/pronoun

Ex:

 She speaks the most fluently of all the students.


 They work the least efficiently of the entire team.

*Note: In the comparative and superlative forms, with short


adjectives/adverbs:

A comparative, superlative sentence with short adjective/adverb does not


follow the rule:

Adjective/Adverb Comparative Superlative

Good/Well → Better → The best

Bad/Badly → Worse → The worst

Far → Farther/ further → The farthest/ the furthest

Much/ Many → More → The most

Little → Less → The least

Ex:
 The new laptop performs better than my old one.
 This team scored the furthest from the goal.

C. Adverbs and participles


We often need adverbs when we are comparing present participles (e.g.
running; jumping, etc) and past participles (e.g. called, chosen, etc ).

Ex:
 China has one of the fastest growing economies in the world.
 We have presented the staff with a set of clearly defined
proposals.
 The brochure was illustrated with some well chosen photos of the
production process.

D. Comparing nouns

- Comparison of nouns is used to express equality, superiority, or


inferiority in the quantity or amount of things in relation to one another.

- In the structure of comparison with nouns, it is important to determine


whether the noun is countable or uncountable.

 S + V + more/ fewer/ less + N(s) + than + O

 S + V + as + many/ much/ little/ few + N + as + O

 Countable (more, fewer, many)

Ex:

 Students in grade 8 have more lessons than ones in grade 6.


 She has fewer brothers than me.
 Henry made as many mistakes on the test as Vivian.

 Uncountable (more, less, much)

Ex:

 Dan drinks less coffee than tea.


 There was more snow this year than last year.
 We didn’t make as much progress at the talks as we had hoped.

You might also like