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Sampling-RDL-1

The document discusses sampling methods in research, highlighting the importance of selecting a representative sample to draw valid conclusions. It outlines two primary types of sampling: probability sampling, which includes methods like simple random, stratified, cluster, and systematic sampling, and non-probability sampling, which includes convenience, consecutive, quota, and judgmental sampling. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and researchers must clearly explain their sampling approach to minimize bias in their work.

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alarconcamille77
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© © All Rights Reserved
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6 views

Sampling-RDL-1

The document discusses sampling methods in research, highlighting the importance of selecting a representative sample to draw valid conclusions. It outlines two primary types of sampling: probability sampling, which includes methods like simple random, stratified, cluster, and systematic sampling, and non-probability sampling, which includes convenience, consecutive, quota, and judgmental sampling. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages, and researchers must clearly explain their sampling approach to minimize bias in their work.

Uploaded by

alarconcamille77
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sampling

To draw valid conclusions from your results, you must carefully decide how you
will select a sample that is representative of the group as a whole. This is called a
sampling method. There are two primary types of sampling methods that you can
use in your research:

Probability sampling involves random selection, allowing you to make strong


statistical inferences about the whole group.

Non-probability sampling involves non-random selection based on convenience


or other criteria, allowing you to easily collect data.

You should clearly explain how you selected your sample in the methodology
section of your paper or thesis, as well as how you approached minimizing
research bias in your work.

What is Probability Sampling?

Probability sampling is a technique in which the researcher chooses samples


from a larger population using a method based on probability theory. For a
participant to be considered as a probability sample, he/she must be selected
using a random selection.This statistical method used to select a sample from a
population in such a way that each member of the population has a known, non-
zero chance of being selected. The most critical requirement of probability
sampling is that everyone in your population has a known and equal chance of
getting selected.

Probability sampling uses statistical theory to randomly select a small group of


people (sample) from an existing large population and then predict that all their
responses will match the overall population.

What are the Types of Probability Sampling?

Selecting the right sample is crucial for obtaining accurate and reliable results.
One of the most popular and effective methods for selecting a sample is
probability sampling. Let’s explore the different types of probability sampling.
From simple random sampling to stratified random sampling, we’ll break down
each method to help you determine which one is best for your research project.

Here are some of the most effective types of probability sampling


1. Simple Random Sampling: This method involves randomly selecting a sample
from the population without any bias. It’s the most basic and straightforward form
of probability sampling.

2. Stratified random Sampling: This method involves dividing the population into
subgroups or strata and selecting a random sample from each stratum. This
technique is useful when the population is heterogeneous, and you want to
ensure that the sample is representative of different subgroups

3. Cluster Sampling: This method involves dividing the population into groups or
clusters and then randomly selecting some of those clusters. This technique is
useful when the population is spread out over a large geographical area. But It is
not possible or practical to survey everyone.

4. Systematic Sampling: This method involves selecting every nth member of the
population after a random starting point is chosen.

There are two ways in which researchers choose the samples in this method of
sampling: The lottery system and using number-generating software/ random
number table. This sampling technique usually works around a large population
and has its fair share of advantages and disadvantages.

Stratified random sampling involves a method where the researcher divides a


more extensive population into smaller groups that usually don’t overlap but
represent the entire population. While sampling, organize these groups and then
draw a sample from each group separately.

A standard method is to arrange or classify by sex, age, ethnicity, and similar


ways. Splitting subjects into mutually exclusive groups and then using simple
random sampling to choose members from groups.

Members of these groups should be distinct so that every member of all groups
get equal opportunity to be selected using simple probability. This sampling
method is also called “random quota sampling.”

Cluster sampling is a way to select participants randomly that are spread out
geographically. For example, if you wanted to choose 100 participants from the
entire population of the U.S., it is likely impossible to get a complete list of
everyone. Instead, the researcher randomly selects areas (i.e., cities or counties)
and randomly selects from within those boundaries.

Cluster sampling usually analyzes a particular population in which the sample


consists of more than a few elements, for example, city, family, university, etc.
Researchers then select the clusters by dividing the population into various
smaller sections.
Systematic sampling is when you choose every “nth” individual to be a part of the
sample. For example, you can select every 5th person to be in the sample.
Systematic sampling is an extended implementation of the same old technique in
which each group member is selected at regular periods to form a sample.
There’s an equal opportunity for every member of a population to be selected
using this sampling technique Whether you’re conducting a survey, a poll, or a study,
understanding the different types of probability sampling can help you make informed
decisions and achieve your research goals.

Convenience sampling

is a non-probability sampling technique where samples are selected from the population
only because they are conveniently available to the researcher. Researchers choose
these samples just because they are easy to recruit, and the researcher did not
consider selecting a sample that represents the entire population.

Ideally, in research, it is good to test a sample that represents the population. But, in
some research, the population is too large to examine and consider the entire
population. It is one of the reasons why researchers rely on convenience sampling,
which is the most common non-probability sampling method, because of its speed, cost-
effectiveness, and ease of availability of the sample.

Consecutive sampling

This non-probability sampling method is very similar to convenience sampling, with a


slight variation. Here, the researcher picks a single person or a group of samples,
conducts research over a period, analyzes the results, and then moves on to another
subject or group if needed. Consecutive sampling technique gives the researcher a
chance to work with many topics and fine-tune his/her research by collecting results that
have vital insights.

Quota sampling

Hypothetically consider, a researcher wants to study the career goals of male and
female employees in an organization. There are 500 employees in the organization,
also known as the population. To understand better about a population, the researcher
will need only a sample, not the entire population. Further, the researcher is interested
in particular strata within the population. Here is where quota sampling helps in dividing
the population into strata or groups.

In the judgmental sampling method, researchers select the samples based purely on
the researcher’s knowledge and credibility. In other words, researchers choose only
those people who they deem fit to participate in the research study. Judgmental or
purposive sampling is not a scientific method of sampling, and the downside to this
sampling technique is that the preconceived notions of a researcher can influence the
results. Thus, this research technique involves a high amount of ambiguity.

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